Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela elula nekhawulezayo ngayo ukulungiselela ukutya namhlanje? Sivula ifriji size sithathe ibhokisi yobisi, sitye isonka kunye nebhotile yentlanzi evenkileni, okanye sipheke imifuno evela kwiTiefkühler (ifriji). Konke oku kuqhelekile kuthi, akunjalo? Kodwa ezi zinto azizange zibekho kwiminyaka eli-100 okanye engama-200 eyadlulayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngotshintsho olumangalisayo olwenzekileyo kwizinto esizityayo, iindlela esizilungisa ngazo, kunye neendlela esizigcina ngazo. Oku kufana nohambo oluhamba ngexesha.
Izinto ezinkulu ezifunyenweyo ezitshintshe ukutya kwethu
Eli bali liqala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngoko, abantu bebefuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina ukutya ixesha elide, ukukulungisa ngokulula, nokukugcina. NgeNguquko yezeMizi-mveliso, olu phuhliso lwenzeka ngesantya esingenakucingelwa. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona nyathelo zibalulekileyo.
| Unyaka | Uyilo | Yintoni eyabangela oko kubomi bethu? |
|---|---|---|
| 1784 | Umatshini wokugaya umgubo osebenza ngamanzi | Ngaphandle kobunzima bokugaya iinkozo ngesandla nokugaya umgubo ngesixhobo sokusila ngamatye, kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza umgubo omninzi ngaxeshanye. Isonka kunye neemveliso zebhaka zaba lula. |
| 1810 | Ibhokisi yetin | Le yayiyinkqubela enkulu! Ukutya kwakunokugcinwa iinyanga kwaneminyaka kungaboli. Oku kwavelisa izinto esizaziyo sonke ezifana 'neentlanzi ezifakwe ebhotileni' kunye 'nobisi olufakwe ebhotileni'. Oku kwakuluncedo kakhulu ekunikeni amajoni ukutya ngexesha leemfazwe. |
| 1863 | Ukwenziwa kwePasteurization | Oku kwafunyanwa yingcali yezenzululwazi egama linguLouis Pasteur. Le yindlela yokufudumeza ulwelo olufana nobisi ukubulala iintsholongwane ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni. Iipakethi zobisi, iiyogathi, kunye neziselo zeziqhamo esiziselayo namhlanje zikhuselekile ngenxa yale ndlela. |
| 1924 | Ukuqandisa ngokukhawuleza | Le ndlela incede ekulondolozeni imifuno, iziqhamo, inyama, kunye nentlanzi ixesha elide ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa zizondlo kunye nokutsha kwazo. Le yindlela imifuno eqandisiweyo kunye ne-ayisikhrim ezifumaneka kwiivenkile ezinkulu ezaqala ngayo ebomini bethu. |
| 1927 | Ifriji yokusetyenziswa ekhaya | Khawuthelekelele ubomi ngaphandle kwefriji! Kufuneka uye evenkileni yonke imihla uyokuthenga imifuno, kwaye kufuneka ulahle okuseleyo. Ifriji iyitshintshe ngokupheleleyo indlela esigcina ngayo ukutya nesipheka ngayo. |
| 1928 | Isonka esisikiweyo | Oku kungabonakala ngathi yinto encinci, kodwa kuye kwazisa ubomi obuxakekileyo lula kakhulu. Kwenze kwaba lula kakhulu ukutya isonka esikhawulezileyo kusasa, ukuya emsebenzini, nokusinika abantwana esikolweni. |
Inqanaba elikhulu kwezolimo: Uguquko Oluluhlaza
Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, inani labantu emhlabeni laqala ukwanda ngokukhawuleza. Kwakungekho kutya kwaneleyo kokondla wonke umntu. I-Green Revolution yayiyimpendulo kulo mceli mngeni. Ngamafutshane, yayimalunga nokufumana isivuno esingakumbi kumhlaba omncinci.
Olu tshintsho lwenzeke njani?
- Izichumisi zeekhemikhali: Iifektri ezazivelisa i-ammonia, eyayisetyenziselwa ukwenza iibhombu ngexesha lemfazwe, zazisetyenziselwa ukwenza izichumisi ze-nitrogen emva kwemfazwe. Ezi zichumisi zeekhemikhali zonyusa isivuno sesivuno ngendlela engaphaya kokucingelwa.
- Izibulali-zinambuzane: Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ukulawula izinambuzane ezonakalisa izityalo kuye kwanda kakhulu. Oku kuye kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwezityalo.
- Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini: Ngaphambili, ukulima kwakwenziwa kusetyenziswa izilwanyana ezifana neenkomo neenyathi. Kodwa ngeNguquko Eluhlaza , kwangeniswa iitrektara.Kwaye kongezwa oomatshini abaninzi kwezolimo. Oku kwavumela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi omninzi ngexesha elincinci nangomzamo omncinci.
Olu phuhliso lulo oluye lwavumela izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ukuba baphile ngaphandle kwendlala. Yimpumelelo enkulu ngokwenene leyo.
Kodwa, kukho elinye icala kuyo yonke le nto. Kule mihla, sithetha kakhulu ngemiphumo yexesha elide yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yokusebenzisa izichumisi zeekhemikhali kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto ihlabathi ngoku linika ingqalelo ngakumbi kwiindlela ezizinzileyo ezifana nokulima okungokwemvelo.
Ziza kujongeka njani iipleyiti zethu zokutya kwixesha elizayo?
Xa sijonga ezi zinto zifunyenwe kwixesha elidlulileyo, siyaqonda ukuba iteknoloji yokutya ayisoze iyeke. Nanamhlanje, izazinzulu zihlala zisungula izinto ezintsha ukuhlangabezana nemingeni yehlabathi elizayo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba ukutya kwethu kuya kuba njani kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo?
- Mhlawumbi inyama esiyityayo ayibangelwanga kukubulala izilwanyana, kodwa ivela kwinyama ekhuliswe elabhoratri.
- Izityalo eziguqulwe ngokwemfuza ezinesondlo esingcono kunye nokunyamezela imbalela zingadalwa.
- Iindlela ezintsha zolimo ezinciphisa inkunkuma yokutya nezingabangela umonakalo omncinci kwindalo zisenokuvela.
Konke oku kubonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwethu lokutya kunye nesondlo ziyaphucuka imihla ngemihla ngenxa yobukrelekrele bomntu kunye nesidingo. Uhambo olwaqala ngelitye laseKurahan ngoku lufikelele kwinqanaba elingenakucingelwa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutya okulula nokukhuselekileyo esikutyayo namhlanje kubangelwa kukukhula kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe iminyaka emininzi.
- Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokugalela ukutya kwiinkonkxa, ukucoca ukutya, kunye nokufaka efrijini zitshintshe indlela ukutya okukhuselekileyo ngayo kwaye kulula ukukutya.
- Nangona iGreen Revolution inyuse kakhulu imveliso yokutya ehlabathini, kufuneka sikhathazeke ngemiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo enxulumene nayo.
- Itekhnoloji yokutya yintsimi ehlala itshintsha, kwaye izinto ezintsha ezifunyenweyo ziya kuqhubeka nokuvela ukuze koyiswe imingeni yokutya yexesha elizayo.
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