Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye unexhala xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ngotyando lwentliziyo, ingakumbi ukulungiswa kwevalvu ye-mitral. "Luyintoni olu tyando?", "Kutheni kufuneka ndenze oku?", "Ingaba kuyingozi?", njl. Imibuzo emininzi isenokufika engqondweni. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngako konke oku ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni le valve ye-mitral? Kuthetha ukuthini ukuyilungisa?
Cinga ngentliziyo yakho njengendlu enamagumbi amane. "Ucango" olukwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo phakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu (i-atrium yasekhohlo) kunye negumbi elisezantsi (i-ventricle yasekhohlo) lubizwa ngokuba yiMitral Valve . Olu cango luvuleka ukuze kuvunyelwe igazi elineoksijini ephuma emiphungeni ukuba lingene kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. I-ventricle yasekhohlo emva koko ipompa igazi liye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngoko ke iingxaki ziqala xa le valve, ivalvu ye-mitral, ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungonakalisa intliziyo nemiphunga. Ukulungiswa kwevalvu ye-mitral kubandakanya utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo ukulungisa isiphene kule valve. Oogqirha bahlala bezama ukulungisa ivalvu yakho endaweni yokuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ineenzuzo ezininzi kunye neengozi ezimbalwa.
Kuphantsi kweziphi iimeko apho olu tyando lufunekayo?
Ugqirha angacinga ngolu tyando kwiimeko ezintathu eziphambili zonyango.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlaziywa kweValve yeMitral | Iiflaps ezimbini zevalvu azivaleki kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi "livuza" kwicala elingalunganga, oko kukuthi, ngasemva. Ukuba oku kuvuza kukhulu okanye kukho iimpawu, utyando lunokufuneka. |
| I-Mitral Valve Stenosis | Ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuyavalwa kwaye kunciphe, nto leyo ethintela igazi elaneleyo ukuba lingaphumi kuyo. Ukuba oku kukhulu, ugqirha uza kuqala azame ezinye iindlela zonyango (umz., i-balloon mitral valvotomy) kwaye, ukuba oko akusebenzi, uza kukuthumela kutyando. |
| I-Mitral Valve Prolapse | Amaphetshana amabini evalvu ayakhululeka kakhulu kwaye awe. Oku kunokubangela ukuba igazi livuza ngasemva. Yi-60% kuphela yotyando lwevalvu ye-mitral eyenziwayo ngenxa yesi simo. |
Ukuba icala lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho (i-ventricle yasekhohlo) linciphise ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho (ukusilela kwentliziyo kwicala lasekhohlo) okanye ukuba intliziyo yakho ikhulisiwe, olu tyando lunokufuneka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sikwinqanaba lokuqala, sinokulawulwa ngamayeza. Ugqirha wakho uhlala esenza i-echocardiogram ukujonga imeko yentliziyo yakho.
Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikwa liqela lakho lezonyango ngaphambi kotyando. Banokukuxelela izinto ezifana nezi:
- Uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile, ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi (umz., i-aspirin, i-warfarin), kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, kuya kukunceda uyeke .
- Ngobusuku bangaphambi kotyando, uza kucelwa ukuba uhlambe umzimba wakho ngesepha yokubulala iintsholongwane.
- Baza kukuxelela amayeza ekufuneka uwathathe kusasa kotyando.
- Uza kucelwa ukuba uyeke ukutya nokusela emva kwexesha elithile ngosuku lotyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngexesha lotyando?
Ekubeni olu lutyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo, uza kunikwa i-anesthesia uze ulale. Ngoko awuyi kuva nto. Nantsi into eyenzekayo ngexesha lotyando, ngokulula:
1. I-Anesthesia: Oku kukwenza ulale ubuthongo obunzulu, ungeva ntlungu.
2. Umatshini wokudlula: Ngexesha lotyando, uza kuqhagamshelwa kumatshini okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-"Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine" ukuze wenze umsebenzi wentliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga okwethutyana.
3. Ukusika: Ugqirha wenza ukusika esifubeni. Ubungakanani bolu kusika buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando oluqhutywayo.
4. Ukulungiswa kwevalvu: Ugqirha usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukulungisa isiphene kwivalvu yakho ye-mitral. Rhoqo, indandatho eyenziwe ngelaphu (indandatho ye-annuloplasty) ibekwa ijikeleze ivalvu ukuyixhasa. Oku kubuyisela ivalvu kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo.
5. Ukuhlolwa: Ivalvu iyajongwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilungisiwe kakuhle. Kwenziwa uhlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
6. Ukuvuselelwa: Ukhutshiwe kumatshini we-bypass kwaye intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga zenziwa zisebenze kwakhona.
7. Uhlolo lokugqibela:Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Transesophageal Echocardiogram (Echocardiogram) lusetyenziswa ukujonga ivalvu nokuqinisekisa ukuba utyando luphumelele na.
Ziziphi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo kolu tyando?
Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoku. Umzekelo, nokuba isikrweqe esifubeni sinokwahluka.
- Ukusika okukhulu phakathi kwesifuba (i-Full Sternotomy)
- Utyando lwe-partial sternotomy (ukusika okuncinci kwinxalenye yesifuba)
- Ukusika okuncinci okwenziwe phakathi kweembambo ezimbini (i-Right Thoracotomy)
- Utyando lwerobhothi lwenziwa ngokwenza imingxunya embalwa emincinci phakathi kweembambo.
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa ivalvu. Ezi ziquka ukusika iindawo ezonakeleyo nokuthunga iindawo ezisele, okanye ukutshintsha i-chordae ngemisonto ekhethekileyo eyenziweyo efana neGore-Tex® ukuba i-chordae ikhululekile. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile?
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale kwigumbi labagula kakhulu (ICU) usuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Apho, iqela lezonyango liya kujonga ngokusondeleyo ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho kunye nokuphefumla kwakho. Emva koko, uya kuba kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke. Kuthatha malunga neeveki ezine ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo. Abanye abantu banokuthatha ixesha elide.
Khumbula le nto ibaluleke kakhulu: Uhambo lwakho lokuchacha luhlukile kuwe. Nangona ummelwane wakho enokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kwinyanga, kusenokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Ngoko ke ungazithelekisi nabanye abantu. Musa ukuzinyanzela ukuba uphile ngokukhawuleza.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela isantya sokuchacha kwakho:
- Ubunzima besifo sakho sentliziyo ngaphambi kotyando.
- Impilo yakho iyonke ngaphambi kotyando.
- Indlela yotyando esetyenzisiweyo kolu tyando.
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, zibekele usukelo oluncinci uze ubuyele kancinci kancinci kwimisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo. Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ungaqala nini ukuqhuba, ukuphakamisa iintsimbi, kunye nokuzilolonga.
Zithini iingenelo zokuhlaziya? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi?
Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokulungisa ivalvu kunokutshintsha.
- Amathuba okusinda ayanda kwaye aphile ixesha elide emva kotyando.
- Ukhuseleko olungcono lokusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Umngcipheko oncitshisiweyo weengxaki ezifana nestroke kunye ne-endocarditis.
- Akukho mfuneko yokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke.
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi. Umzekelo, izingqisho zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga (i-arrhythmias), ukopha, kunye nosulelo lunokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu tyando ukuba iingenelo zotyando zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi.Kuba bakholelwa kuloo nto. Kubikwa ukuba nangona kudlule iminyaka eli-10 emva kolu tyando, malunga nama-94% abantu abasayi kuba nengxaki enkulu yevalvu kwakhona. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sisisombululo esiphumelele kakhulu nesihlala ixesha elide.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha emva kotyando?
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ungonwabanga ngexesha lokuchacha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, oko kungaba luphawu lwengxaki. Kwimeko enjalo, fowunela ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso ekufuneka uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| • Iintlungu zesifuba | • Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda |
| • Ukukhwehlela okune-mucus etyheli okanye eluhlaza | • Isiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu |
| • Ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kunye nobomvu obujikeleze i-incision yotyando | • Ubunzima bokuphefumla |
| • Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (okukhawulezayo kakhulu okanye okucothayo kakhulu ) | • Intetho engacacanga okanye ezinye iimpawu zestroke |
| • Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | • Intlungu, ukubomvu, okanye ukudumba emlenzeni ongezantsi |
Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nophawu oluthile, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngalo. Kuyathuthuzela ukwazi ukuba asiyonto ibalulekileyo leyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukulungiswa kwevalvu yeMitral yinkqubo yotyando yokulungisa isiphene kwivalvu yakho yentliziyo. Le yindlela engcono kunokutshintsha ivalvu.
- Kungathatha iiveki ezi-4-8 okanye ngaphezulu ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo kolu tyando. Musa ukuthelekisa uhambo lwakho lokuchacha nabanye.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuchacheni kwakho.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, umkhuhlane, kunye neempawu zosulelo kwindawo etyumkileyo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Olu tyando luyisisombululo esiphumelele kakhulu nesihlala ixesha elide. Zive ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo, iinkxalabo, okanye amathandabuzo onawo malunga noku nogqirha wakho.
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