Ngaba wakha weva igama elithi 'Monoclonal Antibody'? Usenokuba ukhe weva eli gama lisetyenziswa njengonyango lomhlaza, okanye izifo ezifana neCovid-19. Nangona ligama elingaqhelekanga nelikhulu, eneneni eli luhlobo lonyango oluye lwenza utshintsho olukhulu kunyango lwethu. Ungakhathazeki, oku akunzima ukukuqonda. Namhlanje, masithethe nje ngokuba ziyintoni ezi, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nezifo ezisetyenziselwa zona.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masiqale sifunde ngento esinayo emizimbeni yethu: 'Amasosha omzimba'.
Khawucinge nje ukuba umzimba wethu lilizwe. Ngoko ke inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ngumkhosi welo lizwe. Amajoni akhethekileyo kweli butho abizwa ngokuba 'zii-Antibodies'. Xa utshaba oluvela ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, into efana nentsholongwane okanye iseli yomhlaza (kwizonyango esizibiza ngokuba zii -antigens ) lungena emzimbeni, la majoni aya kubamba olo tshaba aze anike abanye abantu umqondiso wokuba balutshabalalise.
Ngoku, 'ii-antibody ze-monoclonal' luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-antibody esilwenzayo kwilebhu. Ezi zifana ngqo neekopi zee-antibodies esinazo emizimbeni yethu.
- 'I-Mono' ithetha 'inye'.
- 'I-Clonal' ithetha 'i-clone'.
Oko kukuthi, zifana 'neekopi' ezininzi ze-antibody efanayo. Zenzelwe ukuhlasela utshaba olunye kuphela (i-antigen). Umzekelo, ii-antibodies zenzelwe ukuhlasela iproteni ethile kuphela kumphezulu weseli yomhlaza. Usenokuba ukhe wawabona amagama ala mayeza ephela ngo-"mab" (umz. iTrastuzumab, iRituximab).
Ngamafutshane, ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal 'zii-missile' ezenzelwe elabhoratri ukutshabalalisa utshaba oluthile kwaye zingaphoswa yinjongo yalo.
Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa zezi zifo?
Le teknoloji ngoku isetyenziswa ukunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo. Ukususela oko kwavunywa iyeza lokuqala le-monoclonal antibody ngo-1986, kuye kwaveliswa uluhlu olubanzi lwamayeza.
| Udidi lwezifo | Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza | Ukujonga nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ezifana nomhlaza webele, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-leukemia. |
| Iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba | Ukulawula ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwiimeko ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis kunye nesifo sikaCrohn. |
| Iintsholongwane | Ukuthintela nokulwa neentsholongwane ezifana ne-COVID-19. |
| Ukwaliwa Kokufakelwa Kwezitho Zomzimba | Ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungalamkeli ilungu elithile, njengentso, emva kokuba lifakwe kwenye indawo. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ikwasetyenziswa kwi-osteoporosis, i-migraines, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ezinye izifo zamehlo, kunye nezifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. |
Lunikwa njani olu nyango?
Eli yeza lidla ngokunikezelwa njengesicombululo setyuwa emthanjeni (engena emthanjeni - IV) . Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'infusion'. Mhlawumbi uza kungeniswa esibhedlele okanye ekliniki 'kwiziko lokufaka' usuku lonke kwaye unikwe olu nyango iiyure ezininzi.
- Unyango lokuqala: Ukuba le yeyokuqala ufumana olu nyango, ungacela ilungu losapho ukuba lize nawe. Oku kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi bezonyango baya kukunika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukuze bakuchazele unyango kwaye bajonge naziphi na iziphumo ze-allergy.
- Inaliti engaphantsi kwesikhumba: Ngamanye amaxesha, eli yeza linikwa njengenaliti phantsi kwesikhumba (engaphantsi kwesikhumba) . Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi uza kukubonisa indlela yokulifaka ngokwakho. Ezi zihlala zinikwa esiswini okanye ethangeni.
Iintlobo zeendlela zonyango
Ezi antibodies zisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
1. Ii-Naked Monoclonal Antibodies: Ezi ziindlela zonyango ezizimeleyo. Ziya ngqo kwizinto ezifana neeseli zomhlaza kwaye zinamathele kuzo, ziyeke ukukhula kwazo okanye zinike imiqondiso kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba izitshabalalise.
2. Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal ezidityanisiweyo:Ezi zifana 'nepasela'. Iyeza le-chemotherapy okanye isuntswana eline-radioactive lincamathiselwa kwi-antibody lize lithunyelwe. I-antibody ifumana iseli yomhlaza echanekileyo ize 'ihambise' le 'pasela' apho. Oku kubangela umonakalo omncinci kakhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
3. Ii-Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies: Ezi zinokuhlasela iithagethi ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Kufana nokuba nezandla ezimbini ezenza imisebenzi emibini. Umzekelo, xa ubamba iseli yomhlaza ngesandla esinye, esinye isandla sibamba iseli yokuzikhusela, sidibanisa zombini kunye kwaye sincede ekutshabalaliseni iseli yomhlaza.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zale ndlela yonyango?
Iingenelo
- Injongo icacile: Unyango lwendabuko olufana ne-chemotherapy luyonakalisa zonke iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza (iiseli zomhlaza kunye neeseli zeenwele kunye nolusu ezisempilweni). Kodwa kuba ezi zihlasela ngokuthe ngqo kuphela iiseli ezibandakanyekayo kwesi sifo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zincinci.
- Isebenza ngakumbi: Ezi ziye zaphumelela kakhulu ekunyangeni ezinye izifo, ingakumbi umhlaza.
- Umgangatho ofanayo: Ngenxa yokuba yenziwe kwilebhu, lonke iqela lamayeza likumgangatho ofanayo.
Iingozi
Njengakweminye imithi, olu nyango lunokuba neengozi ezithile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho uza kukufundisa ngazo zonke ezi zinto aze akukhathalele kakuhle.
- Iimpendulo zokufakwa kwe-Infusion: Ezi zezona mpendulo zixhaphakileyo ezenzeka ngexesha okanye emva nje kokufakwa kwe-infusion. Ezi zinokubandakanya iintlungu zomzimba, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukubila, kunye notshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi zihlala zilawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokufakwa kwe-infusion.
- Iimpendulo ezinzulu (ezingaqhelekanga): Zinqabile kakhulu, kodwa iimpendulo ezinzulu zinokwenzeka.
- I-Acute Anaphylaxis: I-allergy enzima eyenzeka ngequbuliso.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuba yingozi kakhulu ize yonakalise amalungu omzimba.
- Isifo segazi: Ukuhlaselwa ngamajoni omzimba okuzikhusela kwizifo ngokuchasene neyeza.
Kungenxa yokuba izinto ezinje zinokwenzeka, oogqirha nabahlengikazi bayakukhathalela kakhulu, ingakumbi xa unyangwa okokuqala.
Uyafuna ukuthetha nogqirha?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nolu nyango, okanye ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Uza kukunika icebiso elifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho yezonyango kunye nemeko yakho yempilo.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana impendulo engalindelekanga emva konyango, ingakumbiUkuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu esifubeni, ukukrweleka okukhulu, ubunzima bokuthetha, okanye utshintsho engqondweni, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni eyenziwe kwilebhu esebenza njengeenxalenye zenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Le yindlela yanamhlanje nephumelelayo esetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umhlaza, isifo samathambo, kunye ne-COVID-19.
- Ngenxa yokuba olu nyango lusebenza ngendlela ekujoliswe kuyo, lunokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunezonyango zesintu.
- Iimpendulo ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nokurhawuzelela zinokwenzeka xa kunikwa iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu azifumaneki.
- Soloko uxoxa nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba olu nyango lukulungele na wena kunye nezinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
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