Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ubona igazi kumchamo wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba unengxaki yokuchama okanye ufumana usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yokuchama, akufuneki uzityeshele ezi mpawu. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi, ingakumbi uhlobo lwaso olubi kakhulu, umhlaza wesinyi ohlasela izihlunu. Nangona esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, musa ukoyika. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, oko kukuthi, iimpawu, unobangela, kunye nonyango.
Yintoni iMuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC)?
Ngamafutshane, le yimeko yomhlaza wesinyi eqhubele phambili kancinci, okanye esasazekayo.
Isinyi sethu sisitho esifana nengxowa esenziwe ngeendonga ezahlukeneyo. Umhlaza wesinyi udla ngokuqala ngaphakathi kolu donga. Malunga nabantu abangama-70 kwabayi-100 abanomhlaza wesinyi banalo mhlaza ongaphezulu. Awuzange unzulu kangako.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi -Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) , iiseli zomhlaza zingena ngaphakathi kwesinyi zize zingene kumaleko wemisipha otyebileyo . Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokusasazeka ngaphaya kwaloo maleko. Malunga nabantu abangama-30 kwabali-100 abanomhlaza wesinyi bakhula ngolu hlobo lubi.
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengayo nayiphi na imhlaza, iqala ngotshintsho ('iinguqu') kulwazi lwemfuza, okanye i-DNA, kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze 'ii-tumors'. Kwi-MIBC, ezi tumors zisasazeka nzulu eludongeni lwesinyi.
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana lo mhlaza. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto ziyingozi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukutshaya | Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu neyona ibalulekileyo. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa isinyi xa zikhutshwa ngomchamo. |
| Ubudala kunye nesini | Amadoda anokuba nayo le ngxaki kunabafazi kunye nabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala. |
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo | Ukudumba kwesinyi okungapheliyo kunokubangela utshintsho kwiiseli. |
| Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali | Abantu abasebenza kumashishini enza irabha, iipeyinti kunye needayi basengozini enkulu. Iikhemikhali ezifana ne-arsenic nazo zinokuba yimbangela. |
| Unyango lomhlaza lwangaphambili | Kukho umngcipheko ukuba ufumene unyango lwe-radiation kwindawo yesinqe okanye amayeza anjenge-cyclophosphamide. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba nomhlaza wesinyi okanye imeko yemfuza efana neLynch syndrome. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Uphawu oluphambili nolokuqala lomhlaza wesinyi ligazi kumchamo . Ngamanye amaxesha umchamo ubonakala ubomvu, ngamanye amaxesha ubonakala upinki. Kwakhona, kunokubakho izinto ezifana nokutsha kunye nentlungu kwi-urethra ngaphandle kosulelo.
Njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, oko kukuthi, ufikelela kwinqanaba le-MIBC, nezinye iimpawu zinokuvela.
- Ukungakwazi ukuchama konke konke.
- Intlungu esiswini esisezantsi okanye kwelinye icala lomqolo.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukudumba kwemilenze.
- Intlungu emathanjeni.
Ezi mpawu zinokubakho nakwezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unegazi kumchamo wakho kunye nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuze uxilonge i-MIBC, kufuneka ujonge ngokusondeleyo ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zikhona na kwaye zingene nzulu kangakanani eludongeni lwesinyi.
1. Uvavanyo lomchamo: Inyathelo lokuqala luvavanyo lomchamo olula. Olu vavanyo lujonga igazi okanye iiseli zomhlaza kumchamo.
2. I-Cystoscopy kunye neeskeni:Emva koko, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci enekhamera edlula kwi-urethra ukuze ahlole ingaphakathi lesinyi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cystoscopy. Iiskeni ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-'CT urogram' okanye i-'retrograde pyelogram' nazo zinokwenziwa.
3. I-Biopsy: Ukuba kufunyenwe ithumba ngaphakathi kwisinyi, isigulane siyathomalaliswa kwaye iqhekeza elincinci lethumba liyathathwa lithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze livavanywe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy. Ngamanye amaxesha, lonke ithumba linokususwa ngolu tyando (TURBT - Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor). Oku kusetyenziselwa zombini ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango.
4. Iiskeni zokubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na: Nje ukuba isifo siqinisekiswe, kwenziwa ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zeeskeni zokubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesinyi, ukuya kwii-lymph nodes, isibindi, imiphunga, okanye amathambo.
- Iskeni ye-CT
- Iskeni ye-MRI
- Iskeni yePET
- Ukuskena amathambo
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
Yintoni 'iBanga' kunye 'neSigaba' somhlaza?
Kubalulekile ukwazi intsingiselo echanekileyo yala magama mabini.
- Udidi: Oku kubhekisa kwindlela ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga okanye zinobundlongondlongo ngayo iiseli zomhlaza xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu. `Izinga eliphantsi` lithetha ukuba iiseli azinabundlongondlongo kakhulu kwaye zisasazeka kancinci. `Izinga eliphezulu` lithetha ukuba iiseli zinobundlongondlongo kakhulu kwaye zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza. I-MIBC idla ngokuba ngumhlaza `ophezulu`.
- Inqanaba: Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Oku kuxhomekeka kubungakanani bethumba (T), nokuba lisasazeke na ukuya kuma-lymph nodes (N), nokuba lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba (M).
Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza usasazeke waya kudonga lwemisipha yesinyi. (Apha kulapho i-MIBC iqala khona.)
Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kodonga lwemisipha ukuya kwizicubu ezinamafutha ezijikeleze isinyi.
Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesinyi, ukuya kuma-lymph nodes, emathanjeni, okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Ukuze unyange umhlaza ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukwazi inqanaba lawo elichanekileyo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ngenxa yokuba i-MIBC yimeko enzima, unyango lunokuba nzima ngakumbi. Unyango oluphambili lutyando.
Utyando
- I-Cystectomy: Olu lutyando lokususa isinyi sonke. Lukwasusa nee-lymph nodes kunye namalungu akufutshane apho umhlaza usenokuba usasazeke khona. I-prostate gland kumadoda kunye nesibeleko kunye nama-ovari kubasetyhini nawo anokufuna ukususwa.
- Indlela entsha yokuchama:Emva kokuba isinyi sisusiwe, kufuneka kuphuhliswe indlela entsha yokususa umchamo kwizintso.
- Urostomy: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci (stoma) esiswini kwaye kufakwe ingxowa ukuze kuqokelelwe umchamo.
- Indawo yokugcina amanzi: Inxalenye yamathumbu isetyenziselwa ukwenza ingxowa ngaphakathi emzimbeni ukuze iqokelele umchamo. Ityhubhu (i-catheter) ifakwa ngomngxuma omncinci esiswini ukuze ikhuphe ingxowa.
- Isinyi esitsha: Isinyi esitsha senziwe ngenxalenye yamathumbu kwaye sidityaniswe ne-urethra. Ngale ndlela, umchamo ukhutshwa ngetyhubhu.
Unyango Lokugcinwa Kwesinyi
Kwabanye abaguli, abangakwaziyo utyando okanye abangafuniyo ukususwa kwesinyi sabo, kukho olunye unyango. I-'TURBT' yinkqubo apho ithumba lisuswa khona kwaye i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation zinikwa ngaxeshanye.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu nyango lunikezelwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye kwabo bangenako utyando.
- I-Immunotherapy: Ukunika amayeza anamhlanje avuselela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiiproteni ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza kwaye azithintele.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha unyango olulungele imeko yakho. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwezonyango olutsha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza Wesinyi Ohlasela Imisipha (i-MIBC) luhlobo lomhlaza wesinyi olubi noluphucukileyo.
- Igazi kumchamo lolona phawu luphambili noluqhelekileyo. Ungaze uyityeshele le nto.
- Iimpawu ezifana nentlungu esezantsi kwesisu, iintlungu zomqolo, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba nazo zinokubakho.
- Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela lo mhlaza.
- Ukuchonga isifo ngokuchanekileyo nokuchonga inqanaba laso kubalulekile ukuze unyango luphumelele.
- Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango zanamhlanje ezikhoyo namhlanje, eziquka utyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, nokunye.
- Nangona ubomi emva konyango bulutshintsho olukhulu, uninzi lwabantu lunokuziqhelanisa nalo kwaye luphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezempilo baya kukunceda ngaloo nto.
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