Usenokuba neengxaki zesisu, ukuqhinwa, okanye urhudo ngamanye amaxesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo asizihoyi kakhulu ezi zinto, akunjalo? Kodwa iimpawu ezingapheliyo ezifana nezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko abantu abaninzi abangathandi ukuthetha ngaso, kodwa sonke kufuneka siqaphele. Loo mhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu, okanye isifo esisibiza ngokuba yi-`(Colorectal Cancer)`. Ungakhathazeki, ukuqaphela oku yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kuso.
Kalula nje, yintoni le mhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu?
Umhlaza wekholoni kuxa iiseli ezikwikholoni okanye i-rectum ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kudla ngokuba "yithumba elingathethiyo" elikhula kancinci kakhulu, ngaphandle kweempawu. Yiyo loo nto umhlaza usenokuba sele uqhubekile ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile ngexesha lokubonakala kweempawu.
Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ukutya esikutyayo kungena esiswini nasemathunjini amancinci, kwaye emva kokuba izondlo zifunxwe, inkunkuma eseleyo iye emathunjini amakhulu. Amathunjini amakhulu afunxa amanzi kunye nezondlo eziseleyo. Emva koko inkunkuma eqinileyo eseleyo, ebizwa ngokuba yindle, igcinwa okwethutyana kwi-rectum ize iphume emzimbeni. Kusemathunjini amakhulu, okanye kwi-rectum, apho ezi seli zomhlaza zivela khona.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwenziwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo , lo mhlaza unokuthintelwa ukuba ungabikho, kwaye ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kodwa olunye uhlobo lolona luxhaphakileyo.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo (malunga nama-96%) . Luqala kwiiseli ezivelisa i-mucus emathunjini. |
| Ithumba leCarcinoid | Uhlobo lomhlaza oluqala kwiiseli ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa iihomoni. |
| Ithumba lesisu esibuhlungu | Ivela kwiiseli eziseludongeni lwamathumbu ezibonisa ukuba ukutya kufuneka kudlule. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umhlaza okhula kwiiseli zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
Ngaba zonke izigaqa zinomhlaza?
Hayi. Enyanisweni, phantse zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ziqala njengee -polyps , ukukhula okuncinci, okunenyama okwakheka ngaphakathi kwamathumbu amakhulu. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Ii-Adenomas: Ezi zii-polyps ezingaphambi komhlaza , ezinokuthi ukuba azinyangwa, zibe nethuba eliphezulu lokuba nomhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Iipolyps ezinobungozi obukhulu kunye nezokuvuvukala: Ezi azidli ngokuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba ziba nkulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba zisuswe.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana lo mhlaza?
Enyanisweni, nabani na angayifumana le sifo. Kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo ziyasebenza kuwe, kulungile ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi.
| Izinto Ezinobungozi | |
|---|---|
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantakwenu, abantwana) okhe waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye iipolyps. |
| Ukutya | Ukutya inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu) kunye nenyama elungisiweyo (isoseji, ibhekoni). |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Izifo zokudumba kwamathumbu ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis , kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. |
| Izifo zofuzo | Iimeko zofuzo ezifana ne-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) kunye ne-HNPCC. |
| Indlela yokuphila | Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, ukungazilolongi, kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Ziqaphele ezi!
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, uninzi lwexesha, akukho zimpawu zibonakalayo kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, ezi mpawu zinokuvela. Ukuba enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ziyaqhubeka, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuzilungisa: ukuqhina okungapheliyo okanye urhudo.
- Ukuziva ngathi isisu asikaphumi ngokupheleleyo: Ukuziva ngathi kusafuneka ukhuphe indle emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese.
- Ukopha emqolo: Ukopha igazi nokuba kukho okanye kungekho ndle.
- Utshintsho kwindlela ebonakala ngayo isitulo: Izitulo ezibhityileyo kunesiqhelo, njengepensile.
- Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki esiswini: Izinto ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, ukudumba, njl.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukudinwa nobuthathaka: Oku kusenokuba kubangelwa yi-anemia.
- Ukuziva iqhuma esiswini okanye emqolo.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole. Emva koko, banokwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo ukuze baqiniseke ukuba unesifo somhlaza okanye iipolyps.
- I-Colonoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo nolungcono. Ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera (i-colonoscope) ifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe amathumbu amakhulu onke. Ukuba kufunyenwe ii-polyps, zinokususwa ngaxeshanye kwaye kuthathwe isampuli encinci (i-biopsy) ukuze ivavanywe.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Ifana ne-colonoscopy, kodwa kuphela i-rectum kunye nenxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu ahlolwayo.
- Uvavanyo lweSitulo:Kukho iimvavanyo ezikhangela igazi elingabonakaliyo esitulweni (FIT, gFOBT) kunye novavanyo olukhangela utshintsho lwemfuza (DNA) kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba ezi zilingo zibona igazi okanye ezinye iingxaki, kuya kufuneka i-colonoscopy ilandelwe.
- I-CT colonography: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-'CT scan'. Lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Virtual colonoscopy'.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza, unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela izinto ezifana nenqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke ukuze akhethe unyango olulungele wena.
1. Utyando
Iithumba ezincinci kunye neepolyps ezikwinqanaba lokuqala zinokususwa ngexesha le-colonoscopy. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kancinci, loo nxalenye ye-colon iyasuswa ngotyando (i-partial colectomy).
2. Unyango ngamakhemikhali
La ngamayeza anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwazo. Olu nyango lunikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando, okanye ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando.
3. Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza werectal.
4. Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiijini ezithile okanye iiproteni kwiiseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziqhelekileyo.
5. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
Olu lunyango olunomdla kakhulu. Into oyenzayo apha kukuvuselela amajoni omzimba wakho kwaye uwenze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
6. Ukhathalelo lwentlungu
Injongo asikokunyanga umhlaza, kodwa kukulawula iintlungu, ukungonwabi, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibangelwa ngumhlaza, kunye nokubonelela umguli ngobomi obusemgangathweni kangangoko.
Singenza ntoni ukuthintela umhlaza?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Ukutshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Ukutya okulungileyo: Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neembotyi ezininzi ezinefayibha eninzi. Nciphisa ukutya kwakho inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama ecoliweyo (njengeesoseji).
- Ukuzilolonga: Fumana ubuncinci imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngokulinganisela ngeveki. Ukuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile zezona ndlela zilungileyo.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukutyeba kakhulu yinto ebangela umhlaza omninzi.
- Ukutshaya notywala: Kungcono ukuyeka yonke le mikhwa mibini ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuhlolwa: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo emva kweminyaka engama-45-50, kwanabo bangekho semngciphekweni bayaqhubeka benaso esi sifo.Ufanele uhlolwe. Kungcono ukuba wenze i-colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10. Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe kwangethuba nangakumbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu sisifo "esingabonakaliyo" esidla ngokungabonisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala.
- Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezifana nokutshintsha kwendlela odla ngayo amathumbu, igazi eliphuma kwindle, okanye iintlungu zesisu ezingapheliyo. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuhlolwa kwangethuba, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala, kunokuchonga nokususa iipolyps ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza.
- Lo mhlaza unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika okanye ube neentloni, yazi oku, kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) inokunciphisa umngcipheko.
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