Ngaba uyayazi i-MUTYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP)? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha weva ngeli gama elithi `(MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)`? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Yimeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa enokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, efunyanwa njengelifa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukukhula okuncinci, okubizwa ngokuba yi `(polyps),` kunokukhula kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

Yintoni i-MUTYH gene-associated polyposis (MAP)?

Ngamafutshane, `(MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)` okanye `(MAP)` yimeko edluliselwa kwiijini zethu ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ukukhula okuncinci kwezicubu okungafunekiyo okubizwa ngokuba yi`(polyps)` kwakheka emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi kumathumbu amakhulu nakwi-rectum. Ezi `(polyps)` azinawo umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezinye zazo azisuswanga, zinethuba eliphezulu lokuba nomhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezi `(polyps)` zinokukhula kungekuphela nje kumathumbu amancinci, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha nakwisisu esincinci.

Ingaba le meko yeMAP iza nomngcipheko womhlaza?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba unayo (MAP), umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal uphezulu kakhulu kunomntu ongenaso esi sifo. Cinga nje, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane (MAP) sele benomhlaza we-colorectal xa befunyaniswa ukuba banayo (MAP)! Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mihlaza idla ngokuba phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-60 ubudala. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuvela kwangethuba. Akupheleli apho, usenokuba sengozini yokuba nomhlaza we-duodenal kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya (i-gastrointestinal (GI) tract).

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-MAP?

Musa ukoyika ukuva oku. Uninzi lwabantu abane-`(MAP)` banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, kodwa kukho imeko enye. Oko kukuthi, ukuqala uhlolo lomhlaza kwangethuba kwaye ulwenze rhoqo . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana nokususa ezi `(polyps)` ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Kulapho kuphela apho sinokuhlala sisempilweni khona.

Zithini iimpawu ze-MUTYH gene-associated polyposis (MAP)?

Nantsi ingxaki. Awusoloko ubona okanye uziva naziphi na iimpawu ze-MAP. Nokuba une-polyps kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya, zihlala zingabangeli zimpawu. Ke ngoko, ukubakho kwe-polyps zodwa akulophawu oluthembekileyo lokuba une-MAP. Kuba:

• Nangona abantu abaninzi benama-polyps, basenokungabi nayo i-MAP.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza, ezifana neFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), nazo zinokubangela iipolyps kumathumbu amakhulu. Kuphela luvavanyo lwemfuza olunokubonisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-FAP, i-MAP, okanye enye imeko yemfuza.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba bafunyenwe beneMAP, abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo iipolyps.

Yintoni unobangela wale meko yeMAP?

I-MAP ibangelwa kukuguquka kwejini yethu ye-MUTYH (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-MYH). Izuzwe ngendlela ye -autosomal recessive . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze ufumane le meko, kufuneka uzuze i-mutation kubazali bakho bobabini. Ukuba uzuze i-mutation kumzali wakho omnye kuphela, awuyi kuphuhlisa i-MAP. Nangona kunjalo, ungumthwali we-MAP. Ukuba ngumthwali kuthetha ukuba ukuba omnye umzali wakho wemvelo naye ungumthwali, ungayidlulisela kumntwana wakho.

Okwangoku kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabemi bathwala i-`(MAP)`. Abantu abathwala i-`nabo banomngcipheko okhulayo wokuba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kodwa awukho phezulu njengabo bane-`(MAP)`.

Le meko (i-MAP) ifunyanwa njani njengelifa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

Masithi bobabini abazali bathwala i-`(MAP)`. Ukuba kunjalo, amathuba okuba abantwana babo bafumane esi sifo ngala alandelayo:

• Kukho ithuba elinye kwezine (25%) lokungazukufumana i-`(MUTYH)` yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana akayi kuba nesifo, kwaye loo mntwana akayi kukwazi ukudlulisela olu tshintsho kubantwana bakhe.
• Kukho amathuba amabini kwamane (50%) okuba ngunobangela wesifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana akayi kukhula (i-MAP), kodwa angadlulisela utshintsho lwemfuza kubantwana bakhe.
• Kukho ithuba elinye kwabane (25%) lokuba bobabini abazali baza kuzuza olu tshintsho. Emva koko umntwana uya kuba nesifo se-`(MAP)`. Kwakhona, umntwana uya kudlulisela ubuncinane olunye utshintsho lwe-`(MUTYH)` kubantwana bakhe.

Ungayichonga njani imeko (iMAP)?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unayo na i-MAP kudla ngokuthatha amanyathelo ambalwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yosapho lwakho ngokweenkcukacha. Uza kukubuza ngayo nayiphi na i-cancer okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo abazali bakho, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, kunye nabantakwenu.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba usenokuba nesifo semfuza, unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza. Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga utshintsho lwemfuza (i-MUTYH) kunye nezinye iimeko zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.

Ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-`(FAP)`, `(MAP)` okanye ezinye izifo zemfuza.
• Ukuba usapho lwakho lunembali enamandla yomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
• Ukuba omnye okanye abaninzi kubantakwenu bane-polyps ezininzi kumathumbu abo, kodwa abazali bakho abanazo (oku kuthetha ukuba abazali bakho basenokuba ngabathwali).

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwemfuza luqinisekisa ukuba unayo (i-MAP) okanye ungumthwali wesifo, ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngamanyathelo alandelayo okuhlolwa komhlaza.Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa bonke abantu bosapho lwakho ngale nto ukuze nabo bakwazi ukwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza ukuba bayafuna.

Iphathwa njani iMAP?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho nyango lwesi sifo `(MAP).` Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye nonyango olunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza, kwaye ukuba umhlaza uyenzeka, yifumane kwaye uyinyange kwasekuqaleni.

Ukuba unayo (i-MAP), kunokufuneka uhlolwe umhlaza kwangethuba nangakumbi kunesiqhelo. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Colonoscopy: Ngexesha le-colonoscopy, ugqirha wakho usebenzisa ityhubhu ekhethekileyo ekhanyisiweyo enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo ukuze ajonge ngaphakathi kwikholoni yakho nakwi-rectum. I-colonoscopy yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana nokususa ii-polyps kwikholoni yakho. Ufanele uqale ukufumana i-colonoscopy yakho xa uneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, okanye ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wekholoni, kwiminyaka eli-10 ngaphambi kweminyaka awaba nomhlaza ngayo (nokuba yeyiphi na eza kuqala).
• I-Upper endoscopy: I-upper endoscopy ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone aze asuse ii-polyps esiswini sakho nakwinxalenye ephezulu yamathumbu akho amancinci (i-duodenum). Ukuba ufunyenwe une-polyps kumathumbu akho amakhulu, kufuneka uqale ukuba ne-upper endoscopy xa uneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, okanye nangaphambi koko.

Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo `(MUTYH)` ukuba kwenzeke. Oko kukuthi, yinto esiyizuza njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokuncedisa ekuzaleni ezinokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana ozayo afumane ilifa `(MAP). Umzekelo, ` (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - PGD)`, esetyenziswa kunye ` (In Vitro Fertilization - IVF) , inokunyusa amathuba okuba nomntwana ongenalo eli tyala lelifa. Kule ndlela, imeko yezakhi zofuzo ye-embryo iyavavanywa ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe kwisibeleko.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wenza i-"PGD" nge-"IVF", ibiza imali eninzi kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi zengqondo ekufuneka uziqwalasele. Kungcono ukudibana nogqirha we-endocrinologist ofanelekileyo ukuze ufunde okungakumbi ngale nto.

Ukuba ndine (MAP), ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ukuba une-`(MAP)`, unokufuna ukuhlolwa umhlaza kwangethuba nangakumbi kunabanye. Yiyo loo nto. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokubekwa esweni, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye uxoxe ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokuthintela umhlaza.

Ndingazinyamekela njani njengomntu one-(MAP)?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza, oko kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba. Oku kuqhelekile. Ukuba uneengxaki zengqondo ezinjalo, nceda ungazami ukumelana nazo wedwa. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye neendlela zokuxhasa, ukusuka kunyango lokuthetha ukuya kumayeza.

Ungakhangela nezixhobo zoluntu ezinokukunika intuthuzelo kunye nesikhokelo. Ungajoyina amaqela enkxaso apho unokuthetha nabanye. Kwiindawo ezinje, inokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kuba ungathetha nabantu abaye badlula kwiimeko ezifanayo nezakho.

Ukuba nesifo semfuza esongeza umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza kunokuba luxinzelelo olukhulu. Kodwa awuwedwa. Iqela lakho lezempilo lilapha ukukunceda. Iindlela zokuhlola umhlaza eziphucukileyo zanamhlanje zinokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza kwaye zikuncede uwufumane kwangethuba.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo (i-MUTYH-Associated Polyposis - MAP). Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-MAP yimeko yemfuza efunyanwa njengelifa. Ibangela ukuba kubekho ii-polyps emathunjini kwaye yandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
• Ayibangeli zimpawu zibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho imbali yomhlaza kusapho, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwemfuza ngengcebiso kagqirha.
• Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-`(MAP), musa ukoyika. Ngokwenza iimvavanyo ezifana ne-`(Colonoscopy)` kunye ne-`(Upper endoscopy)` ngexesha elifanelekileyo, umhlaza unokuthintelwa okanye ufunyanwe kwasekuqaleni.
• Impilo yengqondo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba uyayifuna, ungathandabuzi ukufumana uncedo.
• Hlala unxibelelana neqela lakho lezonyango kwaye unakekele impilo yakho.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kuwe. Sikunqwenelela impilo entle wena nosapho lwakho!

I- Mutyh-Associated Polyposis, MAP, i-polyposis, izifo zemfuza, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, i-colonoscopy, uvavanyo lwemfuza