Ngaba uyayazi iMedullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC), uhlobo lomhlaza we-thyroid?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-thyroid gland efana nebhabhathane ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ungaziva iqhuma elincinci kweli qhuma. Okanye ugqirha angalibona xa ekuxilonga. Nangona eli qhuma lingengobungozi, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, linokuba luphawu lomhlaza. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngohlobo olukhethekileyo, kodwa olungaqhelekanga, lomhlaza oluvela kwi-thyroid gland.

Yintoni umhlaza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

Ngamafutshane, iMedullary Thyroid Cancer (MTC) ngumhlaza okhula ngaphakathi kwi-thyroid gland yakho. Inxalenye engaphakathi yale gland ibizwa ngokuba yi-'medulla' . Kukho uhlobo oluthile lweseli kule medulla, olubizwa ngokuba yi -'parafollicular C cells' . Ezi C cells zivelisa i-hormone 'calcitonin' . Ngoko ke, xa ezi C cells ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo, i-MTC iyenzeka. Cinga ngayo njengezityalo ezingafunekiyo emyezweni ezisasazeka yonke indawo ngaphandle kokulawulwa.

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi kunye noloyiko xa usiva ngomhlaza, ingakumbi ukuba loluhlobo olungaqhelekanga. Kodwa khumbula, iqela lakho lezonyango linawe kolu hambo. Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga i-MTC.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, ngaba esi sisifo esifunyanwa ngumntu wonke?" Ungakhathazeki. Umhlaza we-thyroid uxhaphake kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo esithetha ngalo , umhlaza we-thyroid ongapheliyo (MTC) , aluqhelekanga kakhulu . Kwanakwilizwe elifana ne-United States, yi-4% ukuya kwi-10% kuphela yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid ezixeliweyo ezifunyaniswa njenge-MTC. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngabantu abali-1,000 kuphela abafunyaniswa bene-MTC apho minyaka le. Ke, eSri Lanka, eli nani lisenokuba liphantsi nangakumbi.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yi-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Kulungile, zithini ke ngoko iimpawu ze-MTC? Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana iimpawu ezifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye eziqhelekileyo:

• Iqhuma (iqhuma) elingaphezulu kwe-thyroid gland yakho liyabonakala. Olu luphawu oluphambili oluvela kwi-75% ukuya kwi-95% yabantu xa bexilongwa. Lingavakala ngathi liqhuma elincinci, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lingabonakala xa ujonge ngaphambili entanyeni yakho.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni . Oku kubonakala nakwi-70% yabantu xa bexilongwa. Ezi zinokuvakala njengeziqwenga ezincinci kumacala omabini entanyeni.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba i-nodule ye-thyroid iba nkulu, ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Ukutshintsha kwelizwi, ukurhawuzelela.
• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba abanye abantu banokuba ne-MTC kodwa bangabonakalisi zimpawu ixesha elide. Oku kungenxa yokuba ithumba linesifo somhlaza.Incinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga entanyeni yakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqwalasela.

Kutheni umhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yi-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) ukhula?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba kutheni le MTC yenzeka. Zininzi izizathu zoku. Ngokuyintloko, kukho iindlela ezimbini ezenzeka ngazo iMTC.

I-MTC engaqhelekanga

Malunga nama-75% (malunga nabathathu kwabane) abaguli be-MTC bakhula le meko ngokungacwangciswanga . Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho mntu kusapho lwabo owakha waba ne-MTC ngaphambili. Yenzeka ngaphandle kwembali yosapho. Izazinzulu azikafumani unobangela ochanekileyo wale MTC ingaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwama-40% nama-50% abantu abakhula nge-MTC ngale ndlela banotshintsho kwi-gene ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(RET)``` . Oku akuyonto bazalwa nayo, kodwa kukungaqheleki kwe-genetic okukhula kamva ebomini.

I-MTC ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye

Kwelinye icala, malunga ne-25% yezigulane ze-MTC (malunga nomnye kwabane) banokuba nesifo esizuzwe njengelifa esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2' (MEN2) . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-'MEN2':

• `(MEN2A)`: Abantu abanale meko basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokufumana i-MTC (malunga ne-90%) .
• `(MEN2B)`: Ezinye iimeko ze-`(MEN2B)` zifuzo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi oku akunjalo. Abantu abane-`(MEN2B)` banethuba eliyi-100% lokufumana i-MTC besebancinci kakhulu .

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwale `(MEN2B)`, olubizwa ngokuba yi`Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FMTC) . Abantu abane`(FMTC)` banotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe`(RET)`, kodwa baphuhlisa i-MTC kuphela (hayi ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza).

Khawucinge nje, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ufunyenwe enale nguqu yezakhi zofuzo ethi "(RET)``, unokukwazi ukuphepha umngcipheko omkhulu ngokususwa kwe-thyroid gland ngotyando lokuthintela ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza uvele.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC)?

I-MTC idla ngokubonakala okokuqala njengeqhuma kwi-thyroid gland. Ungayiva ngokwakho, okanye ugqirha wakho angayifumana xa uziva intamo yakho ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhuma lifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwemifanekiso olwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-MTC, mhlawumbi uya kuyalela ezi mvavanyo:

• Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukubona ngokucacileyo i-thyroid nodule. Umzekelo , i-thyroid ultrasound , i-CT scan , kunye/okanye i-MRI.Ungenza uvavanyo olufana nolu. Njengokuthatha ifoto ngekhamera, ezi matshini zinokubona ngokucacileyo okungaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Ukufunxwa kwenaliti encinci (i-biopsy yenaliti): Ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa ukuba uthathe isampuli encinci yezicubu (i-biopsy) kwi-nodule yakho ye-thyroid. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa inaliti encinci kakhulu. Ivakala ngathi kukuhlatywa kwenaliti encinci. Le sampuli yezicubu emva koko ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya uvavanyo olulinganisa amanqanaba ezinto ezisegazini lakho ezibizwa ngokuba yi -calcitonin kunye ne-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) . La manqanaba adla ngokuphakanyiswa kubantu abane-MTC.

Ugqirha wakho angacebisa novavanyo lwemfuza ukuze kubonwe ukuba unesifo semfuza esibizwa ngokuba yi-"MEN2". Ukuba kunjalo, bangacebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza kwezinye izalamane zegazi, njengoko oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zisengozini.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yi-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba loluphi unyango olufumanekayo lwe-MTC.

Unyango oluphambili lwe-MTC lutyando lokususa yonke i-thyroid gland yakho (i-thyroidectomy epheleleyo) . Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi lutyando olukhulu, yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunyanga lo mhlaza.

• Ukususwa kwe-lymph node: Ukuba umhlaza we-thyroid usasazeke (usususwe) kwi-lymph nodes entanyeni yakho, ugqirha otyandayo usenokuzisusa nazo.
• Unyango lweeHormone: Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okutshintsha iiHormone zeHormone ubomi bakho bonke. Ngenxa yokuba iiHormone eziveliswa yiHormone zeHormone zibalulekile emzimbeni, kufuneka zinikwe ngaphandle ngendlela yeepilisi.

Ukongeza kotyando, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iindlela zonyango, kuquka:

• Unyango ngemitha: Indlela yokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• I-Chemotherapy: Indlela yokusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Kwezinye iimeko ze-MTC, kusetyenziswa amayeza athile ajolise kuphela kutshintsho kwi -DNA . Imizekelo ibandakanya i-vandetanib kunye ne -cabozantinib .

Emva konyango lwe-MTC, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga rhoqo amanqanaba akho e-CEA kunye neCalcitonin ngovavanyo lwegazi. Oku kuya kubanceda bazi ukuba unyango lusebenza kangakanani na kwaye nokuba umhlaza ubuyile na.

I-MTC ngumhlaza onokuba yingozi ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid ezixhaphakileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba isasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kulula kakhulu ukuyinyanga, ukuyinyanga, kunye nokulawula.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu onomhlaza we-thyroid ongapheliyo (MTC)?

I-prognosis, okanye i-view, yomntu one-MTC ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

• Inqanaba lomhlaza (oko kukuthi, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani).
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke (usususwe) na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Inani leqhubu elinomhlaza elisusiweyo ngexesha lotyando.
• Ubudala bakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ingqikelelo ye-MTC ngokubanzi ayilunganga njengomhlaza we-papillary thyroid kunye nomhlaza we-follicular thyroid . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena nogqirha wakho nifumana i-MTC kwangethuba, inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngotyando . Nokuba ukuxilongwa kuhambe kade, i-MTC idla ngokusasazeka (iba mandundu) kancinci kancinci .

Amathuba okuchacha anokuba mancinci kancinci kubantu abanjalo:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abakwinqanaba eliphezulu lomhlaza.
• Abo banomhlaza ongazange ususwe ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lotyando.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila lomhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yi-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)?

Xa kufikwa kwinqanaba lokusinda komntu one-MTC, uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwisigaba sokuqala, sesibini, nesesithathu se-MTC limalunga nama-93%. Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba lesine, eli zinga lehla liye kuma-28%.

Nangona kunjalo, into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba ngenxa yokuba zimbalwa kakhulu iimeko ezintsha ze-MTC ezixelwayo minyaka le, la manqanaba okusinda asenokungabi achanekanga kakhulu. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunika umbono ongcono wento omawuyilindele.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi komhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary kunye nomhlaza we-thyroid we-medullary?

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, 'Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwale MTC nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid?'

Umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-thyroid . Ubangela i-80% yokuxilongwa komhlaza we-thyroid. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza we-thyroid we-medullary (MTC) awuqhelekanga .

Umahluko omkhulu usekwe kwiiseli apho ezi ntlobo zimbini zomhlaza ziqala khona.

• Umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary uqala kwiiseli ze-follicular kwi-thyroid gland yakho ezivelisa i-thyroglobulin, iproteni.
• I-MTC ikhula kwiiseli ze-C kwi-thyroid gland ezivelisa i-calcitonin . I-Calcitonin yi-hormone.

Enye into kukuba umhlaza we-thyroid we-papillary udla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokuvezwa kwimitha, kodwa akukho nxibelelwano lucacileyo ne-MTC.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Ukuva ukuba unomhlaza, nokuba loluphi uhlobo, kuyoyikisa kakhulu. Sonke siyayazi loo nto. Kodwa xa kufikwa kumhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yi-medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) , khumbula ukuba usabela kakuhle kunyango ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba .

Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo weemeko ezininzi ze-MTC ungaziwa, kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo nezinye iimeko zofuzo. Ke ngoko, ukuba wena okanye ilungu losapho olusondeleyo (isihlobo sokuqala - abazali, abantakwenu, abantwana) nifunyaniswe nine-MTC, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uvavanyo lwemfuza. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-MTC, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Basoloko bekulungele ukukunceda nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlala unolwazi, uhlale unolwazi, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo.

Umhlaza we-thyroid obizwa ngokuba yiMedullary, i-MTC, i-thyroid gland, iimpawu zomhlaza, uvavanyo lwemfuza, i-MEN2, utyando lwe-thyroid