Ngaba iinkophe zakho ziyawa? Ngaba uzive ungenabomi? Ingaba yi-myasthenia gravis leyo?

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi uphilile xa uvuka kusasa, kodwa njengoko imini iqhubeka, umzimba wakho uqala ukuphelelwa ngamandla? Ingakumbi xa amehlo akho esiva esinda kwaye ediniwe, amazwi akho eba mafutshane xa uthetha, okanye ufumana kunzima nokuphakamisa ingalo okanye umlenze? Ukuba ezi zinto uyaziqhela, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imeko esithetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yiMyasthenia Gravis , okanye iMG ngamafutshane.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iMyasthenia Gravis?

Esi sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esinokuhlala ubomi bonke. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, ngempazamo iqala ukuhlasela amalungu aphilileyo omzimba wethu. Kwi-MG, olu hlaselo lujolise kunxibelelwano oluphakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha yethu.

Khawuthelekelele, ingqondo yethu ixelela isihlunu, "Kulungile, ngoku uza kuncipha." Lo myalezo kufuneka uhambe ngemithambo-luvo uze ufikelele kwisihlunu. Kodwa kumntu one-MG, "ii-receptors" apho lo myalezo uthwalwa khona ziphazanyiswa yinkqubo yakhe yokuzikhusela. Kufana nokulahlekelwa sisignali xa uzama ukufowuna.

Ngenxa yoko, imiqondiso ethunyelwa kwizihlunu iba buthathaka xa isetyenziswa, kwaye izihlunu ziyaphelelwa ngamandla azo kancinci kancinci. Kodwa emva kwexesha elifutshane lokuphumla, zibuyela kwisiqhelo. Olu lolona phawu lubalaseleyo lwe-MG. Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 kunye namadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60.

Kutheni imizimba yethu izenzela oku? Zithini izizathu?

Akwaziwa kakuhle ukuba kutheni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-neuromuscular junction yethu ngale ndlela. Kodwa esona sizathu siphambili kukuba umzimba uvelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene nee-receptors ezifumana i-neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Le acetylcholine "ngumthunywa" ophethe umyalezo oxelela izihlunu ukuba zinciphe. Ngoko ke xa indawo yesi sithunywa ivaliwe, izihlunu azisebenzi kakuhle.

Abanye abantu bavelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene nezinye iiproteni. Nangona kucingelwa ukuba oku kunokuba nefuthe kwimfuza, abantu abaninzi abane-MG abanaye omnye umntu kusapho lwabo onesifo.

Kwakhona, i-thymus gland , ilungu elikwisifuba esingaphezulu, ifunyenwe ibandakanyeka. Le gland iyanda kwabanye abantu abane-MG. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha le gland ayichazi kakuhle umzimba ize ibangele ukuba uvelise la ma-antibodies angafunekiyo.

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Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa?

Iimpawu ze-MG ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ngequbuliso. Abanye banokuba nazo kancinci kancinci. Makhe sijonge iindawo eziphambili ezichaphazelekileyo kunye neempawu.

Ingxamiseko: Ingxaki yeMyasthenia

Ngamanye amaxesha, malunga ne-15% ukuya kwi-20% yabantu abane-MG banokuziva bebuthathaka kakhulu emqaleni nakwimisipha yokuphefumla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-myasthenia crisis.Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (i-ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba esi sisifo?

Ukuba unale mpawu, kufuneka uqale ubonane nogqirha wosapho lwakho. Ukuba ukrokrela oku, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Ukongeza, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga igazi lakho ukuze ubone ezo antibodies ziyingozi (ii-acetylcholine receptor antibodies) esithethe ngazo ngaphambili.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Edrophonium: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba iyeza liyawonyusa na amandla emisipha yakho okwethutyana. Ukuba kukho ukunyuka kwamandla ngequbuliso, oko kungaba luphawu lwe-MG.
• Uvavanyo lokuvuselela imithambo-luvo: Inaliti encinci ifakwa kwisihlunu kwaye isantya semiqondiso yemithambo-luvo siyalinganiswa. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba isihlunu sibuthathaka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani xa sisetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo (i-electromyography).
• Uvavanyo lwe-ice pack: I-ice pack ibekwa kwi-eyelid egobileyo imizuzu embalwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-eyelid iyaphakama na. Oku kunokunika umbono wemeko kuba umkhuhlane uphucula okwethutyana unxibelelwano lwe-neuromuscular.
• Ukufota: Nje ukuba uxilongo luqinisekiswe, i-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan ingenziwa ukujonga naziphi na iingxaki kwi-thymus gland yakho, njenge-tumor (thymoma).

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?

I-MG sisifo esingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa sinokulawulwa ngempumelelo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekwe kubukhali beempawu zakho, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

1. Amayeza okuqinisa izihlunu: Unyango lokuqala ngamayeza afana ne-pyridostigmine. La mayeza asebenza ngokunyusa inani le-acetylcholine kwindawo yokudibana kwemisipha. Eli yeza linika amandla kwimizuzu eli-15-30 emva kokulisebenzisa, kwaye lihlala malunga neeyure ezi-3-4.

2. Izinto ezithintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Abantu abaninzi bayawadinga la mayeza kuba esi sifo sibangelwa yinkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Okokuqala, kunikwa ii-steroids ezifana ne-prednisone, emva koko kutshintshwa amanye amayeza afana ne-azathioprine. Ezi zinokuthatha iinyanga ezininzi ukubonisa iziphumo.

3. I-Thymectomy: Nokuba kukho ithumba kwi-thymus gland okanye akunjalo, ukususwa kwayo ngotyando kunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu kwabanye abaguli.

4. Unyango lwe-IV:Olu nyango lunikwa xa iimpawu zinzima kakhulu, okanye kwiimeko ezifana nengxaki ye-myasthenia.

• I-Plasmapheresis: Umatshini okhethekileyo ususa ii-antibodies eziyingozi egazini lakho kwaye ubuyisele i-plasma enempilo emzimbeni wakho.
• Unyango lwe-IVIG: Ngokunika ii-antibodies (i-immunoglobulin) ezithathwe kubanikeli abaphilileyo emzimbeni, oko kutshintsha okwethutyana ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Ii-antibodies ze-Monoclonal: Ezi zii-antibodies ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu ezijolise kwaye zihlasele iindawo ezithile zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ezingasebenzi kakuhle.

Ufanele uzinyamekele njani?

Kunye nonyango lwezonyango, unokufumana isiqabu esikhulu kwiinguqu ezincinci kwindlela yakho yokuphila.

• Fumana ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya izidlo ezincinci ezininzi imini yonke endaweni yokutya isidlo esikhulu esinye. Yitya izidlo eziphambili xa unamandla amaninzi. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha amayeza okuqinisa izihlunu ngaphambi kokutya.
• Zilolonge, kodwa yazi imida yakho: Nangona ukuzilolonga kunokukunika amandla exesha elide, kuphephe ukuzilolonga kakhulu. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezonyango ukuba zeziphi izilolonge ezifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Phumla xa uziva udiniwe: Qhubeka nomsebenzi wakho wemihla ngemihla. Kodwa kwangoko nje ukuba uzive udiniwe, thatha ikhefu. Mamela umzimba wakho.
• Yazi into ebangela esi sifo: Abanye abantu banokubona ukwanda kweempawu ze-MG xa begula, xa bexinezelekile, ngexesha lokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini, nangenxa yamayeza athile. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.