Ngaba uyazi ngeempumlo kunye neempumlo ze-paranasal? Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba uhlala unempumlo evalekileyo? Okanye ingaba ivakala ngathi ikwicala elinye kuphela? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana ukopha kwempumlo? Nangona usenokucinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho esinye isizathu emva kwawo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeentlobo zeethumba ezinokuthi zakheke empumlweni kunye nemingxunya enxulumene nayo (ii-sinuses).

Yintoni ithumba lempumlo?

Ngamafutshane, i-nasal polyp kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli okwenzeka kwi-nasal cavity okanye kwi-paranasal sinuses ezizaliswe ngumoya. Ezinye zezi zinokuba zi- benign , oko kuthetha ukuba azinawo umhlaza. Ezinye zinokuba zi -malignant , oko kuthetha ukuba zinomhlaza.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempumlo ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi):

Ezi zihlala ziyimiphunga elula, engeyongozi ebomini.

• Iipolyps zempumlo: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezi. Zizihluma ezithambileyo nezingenabuhlungu ezikhula ngaphakathi empumlweni. Abanye abantu bakhula ngokuxinana kwempumlo rhoqo.
• I-Hemangioma: Ezi ziithumba ezenziwe ngemithambo yegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala ngathi ziiqhuma ezincinci ezibomvu.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempumlo ezinobungozi:

Ezi zimbi kakhulu, kuba zingumhlaza. Zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

• I-Squamous cell carcinoma
• I-Adenocarcinoma
• I-Neuroblastoma : Lo ngumhlaza oqala kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo.
• I-Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• I-Sarcoma: Lo ngumhlaza ovela kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezifana namathambo, i-cartilage, kunye namafutha.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwethumba lempumlo kunye nethumba le-paranasal sinus?

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini kukuba ithumba likhula phi. Cinga ngalo njengamagumbi amabini endlwini.

• Ithumba lempumlo: Oku kuqala ngaphakathi kwimpumlo yakho. Oko kukuthi, ngasemva kwempumlo, kwindawo ephambili esiphefumla kuyo.
• Ithumba le-Paranasal sinus: Oku kuqala kwimingxuma egcwele umoya ejikeleze impumlo (ii-paranasal sinuses). Le mingxuma yindawo apho i-sinusitis iyenzeka khona, kwaye yenzeka khona. Le mingxuma inceda ekunciphiseni ubunzima bentloko kwaye inike isandi selizwi.

Ngubani ofumana la mathumba empumlweni?

Enyanisweni, nabani na angazihlakulela ezi zinto. Umntwana, umntu omncinci, umntu omdala, wonke umntu usemngciphekweni. Nangona kunjalo, ii-polyps zempumlo ezinomhlaza zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana ii-polyps zempumlo kunabasetyhini .

Ngaba ii-polyps zeempumlo ziqhelekile?

Hayi, ii-polyps zeempumlo azifumaneki lula.Into ethile. Oko kuthetha ukuba asisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Umhlaza wempumlo kunye ne-paranasal sinuses uyinxalenye encinci kakhulu yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu zethumba elisempumlweni?

Ufanele ukhathazeke kancinci ngezi mpawu, njengoko ezinye zazo zinokufana neempawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye usulelo lwe-sinus.

• Ukuxinana rhoqo kwempumlo okanye ukuxinana kwe-sinus, ingakumbi kwelinye icala , ukuba kuyaqhubeka kungapholi.
• Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukuncipha kwemvakalelo yokuvumba (anosmia) . Yiba nexhala ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa ngamandla akho okuvumba amavumba aqhelekileyo.
• Ukopha empumlweni , ingakumbi ukuba kwenzeka rhoqo kwaye kwicala elinye kuphela.
• Intloko ebuhlungu , ingakumbi leyo ingapheliyo kwaye ingapheli nangona amayeza esetyenziswa.
• Ukuvuza emva kwempumlo, oku kukuva ukuba i-mucus iphuma empumlweni iye emqaleni .
• Ulwelo olutyheli okanye oluluhlaza, olufana nobovu, luphuma empumlweni .
• Ukukrazula amehlo rhoqo (ngaphezu kwesiqhelo).
• Utshintsho kwilizwi , ngokungathi uthetha ngempumlo.
• Ukuziva iintlungu okanye ukungaziva kufutshane nempumlo, amehlo, iindlebe, izidlele, okanye ibunzi .
• Iqhubu okanye ukudumba ebusweni, empumlweni, eluphahleni lomlomo, okanye entanyeni .
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluhlala lukho okanye ukuvuza kolwelo oluphuma endlebeni.
• Ubunzima bokuva okanye ukuziva ukhala rhoqo ezindlebeni.
• Iingxaki zamehlo: Amehlo avuvukileyo okanye iliso elinye elivele phambili, umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini, njl.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo okanye intlungu kwindawo yomhlathi.

Yintoni ebangela amathumba empumlweni?

Enyanisweni, ii-polyps zeempumlo zibangelwa kukonakala okanye utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwiijini ezilawula ukukhula kweeseli emizimbeni yethu. Iingcali zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni olu tshintsho lwejini lwenzeka.

Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwafunyaniswa ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezibangela ukuba kubekho ii-polyps empumlweni.

• Umsi wecuba: Ukutshaya icuba kunye ne-bidis akuyongozi nje kuphela, kodwa nokuphefumla umsi wecuba labanye abantu (ukutshaya okwesibini) kuyingozi.
• Ukuvezwa luthuli lomthi okanye uthuli lwesikhumba ixesha elide. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo babandakanyeka kushishino lokuchwela, ifenitshala, kunye nezihlangu.
• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile kunye nomsi: Umzekelo, ukuvezwa kwiglu, i-radium, izinyibilikisi, i-nickel, i-chromium, kunye ne-formaldehyde.
• Kukwakho nobungqina bokuba ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane (umz. iHuman Papillomavirus - HPV) zinokuba zibandakanyeka.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ukuba ii-polyps zempumlo azinyangwa?

Ukuba sisimila esinomhlaza empumlweni, sinokusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-metastasis) . Leyo yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Umzekelo, sinokusasazeka siye kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, emiphungeni, esibindini nasemathanjeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa esi sifo kwangethuba , umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwaso unokuncipha kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.

Amanqanaba omhlaza wempumlo kunye nomhlaza we-paranasal sinus

Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo yokulinganisa ukuze bafumanise ukuba ithumba elisempumlweni okanye kwi-paranasal sinuses lisasazeke kangakanani. Oku kusetyenziswa ukucwangcisa unyango. Kukho amanqanaba amane aphambili:

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Ithumba lisengaphakathi kwimpumlo okanye kwiisinasi ze-paranasal. Alikasasazeki.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba lisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomngxuma wempumlo okanye kwi-paranasal sinuses, kodwa lisengaphakathi kuloo mda.
• Inqanaba lesiThathu: Ithumba lisasazeke laya kumathambo esinus okanye kwisokethi yeliso. Lisenokuba lisasazeke nakwi-lymph node ekufutshane.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. Ithumba lisasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane, ezifana nobuchopho, isiseko sentloko, okanye kwiindawo ezinzulu zentamo. Lisenokuba lisasazeke nakwii-lymph nodes ezikude okanye kwezinye iindawo ezikude zomzimba (ezifana nemiphunga).

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neli nqanaba lomhlaza, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho. Nguye umntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela ngqo imeko yakho. Musa ukoyika ukubuza.

Uyibona njani ithumba empumlweni?

Okokuqala, xa ubona ugqirha oneempawu zakho, uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yezonyango zosapho, kunye nomsebenzi wakho. Emva koko, baya kukucebisa ngezinye iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho. Ezi zinokubandakanya:

• I-endoscopy yempumlo: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (enokukhanya okuncinci kunye nekhamera) empumlweni ukuze ajonge ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yempumlo kunye nemingxunya ye-sinus. Oku kunokujonga nantoni na engaqhelekanga, njengethumba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iqhekeza elincinci lethishu lingathathwa ukuze livavanywe (i-biopsy) ngeli xesha.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Isampulu yegazi lakho iyathathwa ize ivavanywe kwilebhu ukujonga imeko yempilo ngokubanzi kunye neempawu ezithile zethumba.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya ii-X-ray , ii-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) , okanye ii-CT (computed tomography) . Olu vavanyo lunokubonisa iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nethumba, njengobukhulu balo, indawo elikuyo, nokuba lisasazeke na kwizicwili ezikufutshane, kunye nokuba ii-lymph nodes zichaphazelekile na.
• I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Apha, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezivela kwithumba aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ihlolwe i-histopathological. Olu vavanyo lwe-biopsy lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba ithumba linomhlaza okanye akunjalo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza.

Unyanga njani ii-cysts zempumlo?

Unyango lwethumba elisempumlweni luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka impilo yakho iyonke, uhlobo lwethumba (elinomhlaza okanye elingelilo), ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba, inqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba kususwe iithumba zempumlo ezingezizo ezomhlaza ngotyando.

Kwizihlunu zempumlo ezinomhlaza, indibaniselwano yonyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo isetyenziswa kakhulu: utyando, unyango lwemitha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy.

Utyando

Injongo ephambili yotyando kukususa uninzi lwethumba lempumlo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, ugqirha uya kuzisusa (ukusikwa kwentamo). Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo ithumba, utyando lunokwenziwa ngaphakathi kwempumlo kusetyenziswa i-endoscope (utyando lwe-endoscopic), ngaphandle kokwenza i-incision ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iithumba ezinkulu, i-incision ingadinga ukwenziwa ngaphandle kobuso okanye entloko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, iqela lakho lezonyango lingabandakanya oogqirha bomlomo, oogqirha botyando lwe-neurosurgeon, kunye neengcali zendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala (iingcali ze-ENT).

Unyango lweMisebe

Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwemitha yodwa okanye kunye notyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lwemitha lunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba (unyango lwe-neoadjuvant). Okanye, unyango lwemitha lunikwa emva kotyando ukuze kubulawe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo (unyango oluncedisayo). Kubantu abangenakukwazi ukwenza utyando okanye abangafuni utyando, unyango lwemitha yodwa lungasetyenziswa endaweni yotyando.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy kukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okulwa nomhlaza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anokunikwa ngomlomo okanye ngemithambo. I-Chemotherapy ayisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga ii-polyps zempumlo njengotyando okanye unyango lwemitha. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, xa umhlaza usasazekile, okanye ukuphucula iziphumo zonyango lwemitha (i-chemoradiation), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-chemotherapy.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unethumba empumlweni yakho?

Ukuba unethumba empumlweni elingelona umhlaza, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa ukuba lisuswe ngotyando.Izimila zempumlo ezingezizo umhlaza azisoloko zibeka ubomi esichengeni kwaye zinomngcipheko omncinci wokuphinda zibuye.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo somhlaza empumlweni, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena. Sinokubandakanya utyando, unyango ngemitha, i-chemotherapy, okanye indibaniselwano yezi ndlela zonyango. Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke novavanyo olulandelayo emva konyango ukuze ubone ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.

Ngaba ii-cysts ezikwimpumlo nakwii-sinuses ze-paranasal zinokunyangwa?

Uninzi lwee-polyps zeempumlo ezinomhlaza ziyanyangeka, ingakumbi ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba. Njengakwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, okukhona i-polyp yeempumlo ihlala ixesha elide ingabonwa, kokukhona amathuba okukhula nokusasazeka. Oku kunokunciphisa amathuba okunyangwa. Yiyo loo nto sithi kufuneka uqaphele iimpawu kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unenkxalabo.

Amanqanaba okusinda kwiCancer of the Nose kunye neParanasal Cavities

Amanqanaba okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwii-nasal polyps ayahluka, kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

• Ukuba ithumba lihlala kwimpumlo okanye kwi-paranasal sinuses (ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile), izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu limalunga ne- 82% . Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abangama-82 kwabayi-100 abanolu hlobo lwethumba baya kusaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe.
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezikufutshane okanye kwi-lymph nodes (kwiindawo), eli zinga limalunga ne -52% .
• Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, eli zinga linyuka liye kuthi ga kwi- 42% .

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: Amanqanaba okusinda ziinkcukacha-manani, oko kukuthi, uqikelelo. Abakuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye ukuba unyango lwakho luza kuba nempumelelo kangakanani. Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Ukuba unemibuzo ethile malunga noku, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba.

Ngaba ii-polyps zeempumlo zinokuthintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ii-polyps zeempumlo. Nangona kunjalo, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuyeka ukutshaya, ukuhlala kude nomsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, kunye nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kumsi weekhemikhali kunye nothuli oluyingozi . Ukuba usebenza kwindawo apho kukho iikhemikhali okanye uthuli oluyingozi (njengothuli lomthi, uthuli lwesikhumba), qiniseka ukuba ulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kwaye unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (ezifana neemaski zobuso, ii-respirators).

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zethumba empumlweni, ezinje ngokuphuma igazi rhoqo, ukuphelelwa livumba, ukuxinana kwempumlo okungapheliyo (ingakumbi kwicala elinye), iintlungu zobuso okanye ukudumba, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.Emva kokubona ugqirha oqhelekileyo, ukuba bacinga ukuba kuyimfuneko, baya kukuthumela kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ingcali ye-ENT).

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ufunyaniswa ukuba unethumba empumlweni, ungoyiki okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingaba eli thumba linesifo somhlaza okanye alinaso isifo somhlaza?
• Iphi kanye kanye ithumba?
• Ingakanani ithumba?
• Ingaba isasazekile? Ukuba kunjalo, phi? (Ngaba isasazekile? Ukuba kunjalo, phi?)
• Ithini inqanaba lale nto?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucebisayo? Kwaye ngoba? (Luhlobo luni lonyango olucebisayo? Kwaye ngoba?)
• Unyango luza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Kuza kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndifumane unyango?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango? Zingalawulwa njani?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukusebenza okanye ukuya esikolweni ngelixa ndifumana unyango?
• Ubomi bam buza kuba njani emva konyango? Ndingalindela ukuba ndiphile ngokupheleleyo?
• Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezingcono kum?

Uziva njani xa unethumba empumlweni yakho?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu ze-nasal polyp zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi bengawunaki kangako. Njengoko imeko iqhubeka, unokufumana impumlo evalekileyo kwelinye icala engaphucukiyo kwaye iqhubeke. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya ukopha kwempumlo, iintlungu zobuso, kunye nokuphelelwa livumba. Ukuba uneempumlo ezihlala zixinene okanye ukuxinana kwe-sinus, okanye naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Iipolyps zempumlo zizinto ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula ngaphakathi kwimpumlo okanye kwi-paranasal sinuses. Zisenokuba nomhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usiva ukuba une-polyp. Kwenzeka kuye wonke umntu.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unesifo somhlaza, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso. Fumana ulwazi. Buza imibuzo. Kunganceda ukuthetha nomcebisi ukukunceda ujongane noxinzelelo, uloyiko, kunye nexhala eliza nalo ngeli xesha. Ukuba unako, joyina iqela lenkxaso yomhlaza, nokuba lelasekuhlaleni okanye kwi-intanethi. Ukuthetha nabanye abadlula kwizinto ezifanayo nawe kunye nokwabelana ngezimvo kulungile kwimpilo yakho yengqondo. Kunokukunceda uzive ngathi awuwedwa.

Iithumba zempumlo , iithumba ze-paranasal, umhlaza wempumlo, umhlaza we-sinus, ukuxinana kwempumlo, ukopha kwempumlo, ukulahlekelwa yivumba