Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ungasisusa njani isandla sakho kwikomityi eshushu yekofu? Okanye wazi njani ngqo apho ingcongconi ilume khona kwaye uzive ngathi uyayiluma? Emva kwayo yonke le nto kukho uthungelwano lonxibelelwano olumangalisayo nolukhawulezayo emizimbeni yethu. Lufana nenkqubo 'yeentambo' ezihamba emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje sithetha ngemithambo-luvo, eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nethiwekhi imangalisayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye imithambo-luvo?
Ngamafutshane, imithambo-luvo yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeentambo ezithwala iimpulselelo zombane phakathi kwengqondo yakho kunye nayo yonke enye indawo yomzimba wakho. Njengeentambo ezisendlwini yakho, kulapho imiyalezo ihamba khona. Le miyalezo yiyo ekuvumela ukuba uzive izinto kwaye ushukumise amalungu akho ngendlela oyifunayo.
Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa izinto ezininzi ezenzeka kuwe ungaqondanga nokuba zilawulwa yile nkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Umzekelo, cinga ngezinto ezinje ngokuphefumla, ukubila, kunye nokugaya ukutya. Ezi asizizo izinto ozenzayo ngabom. Ziyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Imithambo-luvo nayo iyanceda koku.
Imithambo-luvo yenziwe ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo . Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-neurons kunyango. Ezi neurons zifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, ingakumbi engqondweni yakho nakwi-spinal cord. Imithambo-luvo yakho, ingqondo, kunye ne-spinal cord xa zidibene zenza i-Nervous System .
Oogqirha badla ngokubhekisa kuthungelwano lwemithambo-luvo engaphandle kwengqondo kunye nomqolo, olufikelela kuwo wonke umzimba. Silubiza ngokuba yiPeripheral Nervous System .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zemithambo-luvo?
Imithambo-luvo esemzimbeni wethu inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ewenzayo.
| Uhlobo lovalo | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Imithambo-luvo | Aba bafana neentlola. Baqokelela ulwazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (ulusu, amehlo, iindlebe, impumlo, ulwimi) baze baluthumele engqondweni. Ezi mithambo-luvo zezona zixelela ingqondo ngezinto ezifana nokuchukumisa, ukungcamla, ukuvumba, ukubona, kunye nokuva. |
| Imithambo-luvo yemoto | Aba bafana nabalawuli. Bathatha imiyalelo (imiyalezo) engqondweni baze bayithumele kwimisipha nakwiindlala. Loo miyalezo yiyo ekwenza ushukume, uthethe, kwaye uhambe. |
Kwakhona, le mithambo-luvo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili ngokusekelwe apho iqala khona.
Imiphunga yeCranial
Ezi zi-nerve eziqala ngqo ebuchotsheni bakho . Zii-12 izibini zazo. Ezi -nerve zisasazeke kakhulu ebusweni bakho, entloko, nasentanyeni. Zinokwenza imisebenzi yokuziva (yokuziva) kunye neyentshukumo (yokunyakaza). Umzekelo, ezi -nerve ze-cranial zikunceda uncume, ufinge iintshiya, ushukumise amehlo akho, kwaye unuke.
Imiva yoMgogodla
Ezi zi-nerve eziqala kwi-spinal cord yakho, ehamba ngomqolo wakho . Zingama-31 ezibini zazo. Ezi -nerve ziphuma kwi-spinal cord kuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Zikwasebenza imisebenzi ye-sensory kunye neye-motor. Umzekelo, ezi -nerve zithwala i-sensory ezivela kumalungu akho kunye nemisipha ukuya kwi-spinal cord. Zikwalawula ne-reflexes esithethe ngayo ngaphambili, njengokutsala isandla sakho kwinto eshushu.
Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa ziimithambo-luvo emizimbeni yethu?
Izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wakho zilawulwa ziimpawu zombane ezihamba ngemithambo-luvo yakho. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo:
- Iintshukumo zokuzithandela: Naluphi na ushukumo olwenza ngabom, njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukubhala.
- Izivamvo: ukuchukumisa, intlungu, ubushushu/ukubanda, ukungcangcazela, ukuva, ukulinganisela umzimba, incasa, ivumba, kunye nokubona.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lukwinqanaba elifunekayo.
- Ukuphefumla: Yinkqubo yokuphefumla eyenzeka ngaphandle kokuba wena ungazi.
- Ukugaya: Ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
- Isantya sentliziyo: Ukulawula isantya esibetha ngaso intliziyo.
- Impendulo yoxinzelelo: Ukulungiselela umzimba imeko engxamisekileyo.
Isebenza njani le nkqubo yemithambo-luvo?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Cinga ngenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba njengothungelwano lwabasebenzi beposi kulo lonke ilizwe. Baqokelela ulwazi (iileta) oluvela kuwo wonke umzimba baze baluse kwiofisi ephambili yeposi.
Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ephakathi , eyingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo, yeyona ofisi yeposi iphambili. Kulapho ke imiyalezo (ulwazi) oluziswa yimithambo-luvo engaphandle ifundwa khona, iqondwe, kwaye kugqitywe ngento ekufuneka yenziwe emva koko. Emva koko eso sigqibo sithunyelwa kwakhona njengomyalezo kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Umzekelo, ingcongconi ikuluma umlenze. Imithambo-luvo (iipostmen) eluswini lomlenze wakho ithatha umyalezo ize iwuthumele engqondweni (iofisi enkulu) ngentambo yomqolo. Ingqondo iyitolika ngokuthi "ingcongconi iyaluma" ize inike umyalelo wokuba "yolula isandla uze ugxothe ingcongconi." Loo myalelo uhamba ngemithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha engalweni yakho. Emva koko wolula isandla uze ugxothe ingcongconi ngokuzenzekelayo. Konke oku kwenzeka kwimizuzwana embalwa.
Ukuba sijonga nzulu kancinci kwindlela umyalezo ohamba ngayo...
Ukudluliselwa komyalezo wombane ngemithambo-luvo kufana nokudlulisa induku kumdyarho we-relay.
1. Isignali yombane ihamba kwinxalenye ende yeseli yemithambo-luvo ebizwa ngokuba yi-axon .
2. Xa ifikelela esiphelweni se-axon, esi siginali yombane siba siginali yekhemikhali.
3. Apho, kukhululwa iimolekyuli zeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters .
4. Ezi molekyuli zidada zinqumla umsantsa omncinci phakathi kweseli yemithambo-luvo enye nenye. Loo msantsa siwubiza ngokuba yi-synapse .
5. Xa le neurotransmitter ibopha kwii-receptors kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo, iguqulwa ibe yisignali yombane kwaye ihamba kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo.
6. Le nkqubo iphinda-phinda de umyalezo ufikelele kwindawo efanelekileyo (umz., umsipha).
Ingaphakathi lomthambo libonakala njani?
Ukuba sijonga umthambo nge-microscope, singazibona ezinye zeendawo eziphambili ezenziwe ngawo.
| Inxalenye | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ii-Axons | Iindawo eziphambili ezifana neentambo ezihamba phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kwaye zithwala imiyalezo. |
| IiDendrites | Iindawo ezifana nesebe ezifumana imiyalezo evela kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo. |
| I-Myelin Sheath | Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. I-sheath enamafutha ejikeleze i-axon. Ifana 'ne-insulation' yeplastiki ejikeleze ucingo lombane. Oku kuvumela imiqondiso yombane ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingavuzi. |
Ukuba le sheath ye-myelin yonakele, njenge-short circuit xa i-insulation kwi-wire inqunyulwe, imithambo-luvo ayikwazi ukudlulisa imiyalezo ngokufanelekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, imiyalezo inokuyeka ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba kukho izifo ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Xa umonakalo wemithambo-luvo uphazamisa ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo, iimeko ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo zinokwenzeka. Ezimbini kwezi zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Oku kukulimala kwemithambo-luvo engaphandle kwengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Le meko inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokungaziva mnandi, ukurhawuzelela, ukutsha, iimvakalelo ezifana nokukhwankqiswa ngumbane, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha. Le meko ixhaphakile kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
- I-Sciatica: Le yenye imeko abantu abaninzi abaye beva ngayo kwaye bahlangabezana nayo. Yintlungu enzima ebangelwa kukucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo emikhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Sciatic nerve" eqala emqolo wakho ongezantsi iye emilenzeni yakho. Le ntlungu inokusuka emqolo wakho iye empundu yakho iye emilenzeni yakho.
Sizigcina njani imithambo-luvo yethu isempilweni?
Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho, kwaye zininzi izinto ezilula onokuzenza ukuze uhlale usempilweni.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye kunciphise ukuhanjiswa kwegazi kwimithambo-luvo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwimifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, amafutha asempilweni kunye neeproteni. I-Vitamin B, ngakumbi, ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yemithambo-luvo.
- Nciphisa utywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokonakalisa ngqo imithambo-luvo.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho, njengoko ezi zifo zinokubangela umonakalo kwimithambo-luvo.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye nokuzilolonga kuluncedo kuyo yonke inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Lala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku. Kuxa ulele apho umzimba uzilungisa khona.
- Sela amanzi aneleyo: Khusela umzimba ekubeni uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Izinto onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho
Ukuba uneengxaki zemithambo-luvo, ezinje ngentlungu okanye ukuba ndindisholo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha ngazo. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:
- "Ndingazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ndinentlungu yemithambo-luvo?"
- "Yintoni enokuba ngunobangela wale ntlungu okanye ukungaziva?"
- "Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezikhoyo zokujonga impilo yemithambo-luvo yam?"
- "Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zokuphucula impilo yenkqubo yam yemithambo-luvo?"
- "Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ezi ngxaki zemithambo-luvo ukuba zingaphindi zenzeke?"
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo-luvo yinkqubo 'yeengcingo' ezisasazeka emzimbeni wakho wonke ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo yakho kunye nomzimba wakho wonke.
- Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ilawula iintshukumo zakho, iimvakalelo zakho, kunye nemisebenzi ezenzekelayo ongayiqondiyo ukuba unayo, njengokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) kunokunceda ukugcina inkqubo yemithambo-luvo isempilweni.
- Ukuba usoloko unesicaphucaphu, urhawuzelelwa, ubuthathaka bemisipha, okanye intlungu engachazekiyo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
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