Ngaba wakha wavavanywa igazi waza wajonga ingxelo waza wacinga, "Kuthetha ukuthini oku?" Phakathi kwamagama afana ne-WBC, RBC, kunye nePlatelet, usenokuba ulibonile igama elithi "Neutrophils." Ixesha elininzi, asizinaki kakhulu ezi zinto, simamela nje oko kuthethwa ngugqirha. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ezi neutrophils liqela elibaluleke kakhulu nelisebenza kakuhle lamajoni emzimbeni wethu? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezi neutrophils ezisebenza ngokuzolileyo ukukhusela kwizifo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.
Ngamafutshane, ngoobani la ma-neutrophils?
Khawuthelekelele umzimba wakho lilizwe elikhulu. Kukho umkhosi omkhulu wokukhusela eli lizwe. Lo mkhosi yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi "Immune System". Lo mkhosi unamasebe ahlukeneyo. Ngokufanayo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli egazini lethu.
IiNeutrophils luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli egazini lethu ezibizwa ngokuba ziiWhite Blood Cells (okanye iiLeukocytes). Ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zingumkhosi womzimba wethu. Kulo mkhosi, iiNeutrophils zimikhosi ekhethekileyo ekwimigca engaphambili, yokuqala ukungxamela nakweyiphi na idabi. Njengeyunithi yokuhlasela yamapolisa.
Ii-neutrophils zenza phakathi kwe-55% kunye ne-70% yeeseli ezimhlophe egazini lethu. Ngale nani, mhlawumbi ungaqonda ukubaluleka kwezi seli ekugcineni imizimba yethu isempilweni. Ngokwezonyango, zezohlobo lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-granulocytes. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi seli ziqulathe ii-granules ezincinci ezinokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane.
Ngoko ke yintoni umsebenzi wokwenyani wezi neutrophils?
Umsebenzi oyintloko nobaluleke kakhulu wee-neutrophils kukulwa nosulelo.
Masiqonde oku ngomzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba usebenza ekhitshini uze ngempazamo unqumle umnwe wakho kwimela. Inxeba elisikiweyo ngoku livula indlela yokuba iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezivela kwindalo esingqongileyo zingene emzimbeni wakho.
Kulapho ke amajoni ethu e-neutrophil aqala khona umsebenzi wawo.
1. Ukufumana umnxeba ongxamisekileyo: Iiseli ezonakeleyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezihlaselayo zikhupha iimpawu ezithile zeekhemikhali. Oku kufana nomnxeba ongxamisekileyo othi, "Kukho utshaba apha, yiza ngokukhawuleza!"
2. Kwangoko ukuya kwindawo yemfazwe: Xa befumana olu phawu, amawaka ee-neutrophils ezijikeleza imithambo yegazi akhawuleza aye kwindawo yokwenzakala. La ngamaseli okuqala omzimba ukufika apho (First Responders).
3. Ukujikeleza nokugubungela utshaba:Ii-neutrophils ezifike kwindawo yokulwa zijikeleza kwaye 'ziginye' iintsholongwane, ezifana neebhaktheriya, ezingene emzimbeni. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi "phagocytosis." Ngamafutshane, zibamba intsholongwane, ziyiginye, kwaye zisebenzisa ii-enzymes ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wazo ukuyigaya nokuyitshabalalisa.
4. Iziphumo zokulwa: Kulapho inxeba liba bomvu kancinci, lidumbe, kwaye lifudumale. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha inxeba lakho liya "kuphuma", akunjalo? Loo bomvu buhlala buyingqokelela yeeseli ze-neutrophil ezafa ekulweni, zatshabalalisa iintsholongwane, kunye neziqwenga zezicubu.
Emva kokulawula usulelo ngale ndlela, ii-neutrophils zikwanceda ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokuphiliswa kwenxeba. Ngoko ke ngoku uyaqonda ukuba zinkulu kangakanani umsebenzi ezi seli zincinci emizimbeni yethu?
Ii-neutrophils zakheka njani kwaye ziphila njani?
La mandla akhethekileyo abizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils aveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo. Kufana nesikolo soqeqesho lomkhosi. Apho, emva kokuba zenziwe kwaye zivuthiwe ngokupheleleyo, ezi seli zikhutshwa zingene egazini. Emva koko, zihamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, zijikeleza izicubu kunye nee-lymph nodes, zikhangela iintshaba.
Into emangalisayo kukuba ixesha lokuphila kwale seli ye-neutrophil lifutshane kakhulu. Lingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24. Oko kuthetha ukuba ii-neutrophils emizimbeni yethu namhlanje azifani nezo zisemzimbeni wethu ngomso. Ngenxa yoku, umongo wethu wethambo kufuneka wenze iibhiliyoni zee-neutrophils ezintsha yonke imihla (umntu omdala ophilileyo wenza ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeebhiliyoni ngosuku). Oku kubonisa indlela umzimba wethu okulungele ngayo ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane.
Iimeko ezibangelwa lutshintsho kwinani le-neutrophil
Njengayo nayiphi na into, inani lee-neutrophils emizimbeni yethu lifanele libe phakathi komlinganiselo othile. Umntu omdala osempilweni kufuneka abe ne-neutrophils ephakathi kwe-2,500 kunye ne-7,000 kwi-microliter yegazi. Ukuba eli nani liphantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo, linokuba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo.
| Imeko | Intsingiselo | Izizathu ezinokwenzeka kakhulu |
|---|---|---|
| I-Neutropenia | Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-neutrophil. |
|
| I-Neutrophilia | Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-neutrophil. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba inani eliphantsi okanye eliphezulu le-neutrophil ayisosifo, kodwa luphawu nje okanye icebiso lokuba kukho into eyenzekayo emzimbeni. Ngumsebenzi kagqirha ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ingxaki ngenani lee-neutrophil?
Ukuba inani lakho lee-neutrophil liphantsi okanye liphezulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga, unokufumana iimpawu ezithile. Ingakumbi xa ii-neutrophil ziphantsi (i-neutropenia), amandla omzimba okulwa nosulelo ayancitshiswa, nto leyo ekwenza ube sengozini yokugula.
Ukuba unale mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha uze uthethe ngayo.
| Uphawu | Oko kunokuthetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Usulelo oluqhelekileyo | Ngenxa yokuba ii-neutrophils ziphantsi, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye nosulelo lomphimbo zinokuvela ngokulula. |
| Umkhuhlane oqala ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umkhuhlane luphawu oluphambili lokuba umzimba ulwa nosulelo. Kusenokubakho usulelo emzimbeni olunxulunyaniswa nokuncipha okanye ukwanda kwee-neutrophils. |
| Amanxeba angapholiyo | Ukuba amanxeba, ingakumbi lawo asemlonyeni okanye e-rectum, athatha ixesha elide ukuphola, oko kusenokuba luphawu lokuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle. |
| Ii-lymph nodes okanye amalungu avuvukileyo | Xa ulwa nosulelo, ii-lymph nodes zinokudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokubona ukudumba kwamalungu akho. |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu (Ukudinwa) | Xa umzimba uhlala ulwa nosulelo okanye ngenxa yesifo, unokuziva udiniwe kakhulu. |
Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluza kwenziwa ngugqirha?
Xa ukhankanya ezi mpawu, ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze athethe rhoqo ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi.
- Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-FBC (Full Blood Count), oku kunika umfanekiso opheleleyo wenani lazo zonke iintlobo zeeseli egazini lakho, ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
- Inani le-Neutrophil eliQinisekisiweyo (i-ANC): Eli lilinganisa inani langempela lee-neutrophil egazini lakho. Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokufumanisa amanqanaba ee-neutrophil zakho.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zezi mvavanyo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze olunye uvavanyo ukuze abone imeko ebangela ukuba inani lee-neutrophil zakho lehle okanye linyuke.
Siwugcina njani umkhosi wethu we-neutrophil usempilweni?
Luxanduva lwethu ukugcina ukhuselo lwemizimba luqinile. Oko kuthetha ukugcina amajoni ethu omzimba eqinile. Oku akudingi msebenzi mkhulu, kukho imikhwa embalwa elula esinokuyifaka kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
- Lumka ucoceko: Ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neembotyi ekutyeni kwakho, ezityebileyo kwiivithamini kunye neeminerali. Ezi zondlo zibalulekile ekuvelisweni nasekusebenzeni kweeseli zethu zomzimba.
- Phatha kakuhle ukwenzakala:Nokuba linxeba elincinci, licoce kakuhle kwaye uthambise amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuthintela usulelo.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Ukulala kakuhle yonke imihla kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyawuthomalalisa umzimba kwaye kunokubangela ukuba kubekho inani eliphezulu kakhulu lee-neutrophils.
Ukulandela ezi zinto kuya kunika inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ingakumbi la majoni e-neutrophil, amandla amakhulu okuhlala usempilweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiNeutrophils luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezilwa neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Zifana namajoni aphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa inani eliphantsi le-neutrophil (neutropenia) okanye eliphezulu (neutrophilia), luphawu lokuba kukho into eyenzekayo emzimbeni, hayi isifo.
- Ukuba usoloko unemikhuhlane, usulelo, okanye uphola kancinci amanxeba, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
- Musa ukoyika ukucinga ngento ethethwa ziziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukuchaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini kanye kanye nento omawuyenze emva koko.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ucoceko, ukulala ngokwaneleyo) inokugcina amajoni akho omzimba enamandla.
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