I-Nocardiosis: Ngaba uyazi ngale ntsholongwane ifihlakele emhlabeni?

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba kukho iintsholongwane ezinokusenza sigule emhlabeni esiwuchukumisayo nesihamba kuwo yonke imihla? Usenokumangaliswa kukuva oku. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esingazange sive ngaso ixesha elide, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu azi ngaso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiNocardiosis kwisayensi yezonyango. Olu luhlobo losulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngalo ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Yintoni iNocardiosis? Ngamafutshane...

I-Nocardiosis sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiNocardia. Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kakhulu emhlabeni osingqongileyo, kwizinto eziphilayo ezibolayo, naseluthulini. Cinga ngayo njengomhlaba okwiigadi zethu.

Olu sulelo luchaphazela kakhulu imiphunga yethu, ulusu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sivela xa siphefumla amasuntswana othuli aqulethe le ntsholongwane, okanye xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ngenxeba eluswini.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-nocardiosis ayisosifo siqhelekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba asiyonto efunyanwa lula ngumntu wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iyenzeka, ingakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, ngamanye amaxesha inokubulala. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-Nocardiosis yintsholongwane engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, ziziganeko ezingama-500 ukuya kwi-1000 kuphela ezixelwayo ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, umngcipheko uphezulu. Umzekelo, kufunyenwe ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-4% yabantu abaye bafakelwa intliziyo okanye bafakelwa imiphunga basengozini yokufumana le nocardiosis. Iimeko ezinjalo zikwabikwa ngamanye amaxesha eSri Lanka, ngakumbi kwabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeNocardiosis?

Iimpawu zesi sifo ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni apho usulelo lukhoyo. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili ezibonwayo.

Ezinxulumene nemiphunga (le yeyona ixhaphakileyo):

• Ukukhwehlela (ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-phlegm)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuphefumla nzima (ubunzima bokuphefumla nokuba ungazibhokoxa kancinci)
• Ifiva
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukudinwa kakhulu (oku kukuziva udiniwe okwanda imihla ngemihla)

Ezinxulumene nolusu:

• Izilonda okanye izilonda eluswini
• Amaqhuma (iiqhuma) phantsi kolusu - La maqhuma anokubonakala ebomvu, emfusa, okanye emnyama kunesikhumba esijikelezileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha anokuba buhlungu.

Injani i-Nocardia skin infection?

Khawucinge ukuba unenxeba elincinci eluswini lwakho uze ufumane uthuli. Ukuba le ntsholongwane yeNocardia ingena apho, iya kuba bomvu, idumbe, mhlawumbi ibe namaqhubu, kwaye ubovu buya kuphuma. Ngamanye amaxesha inokwenza uqweqwe. Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokuba buhlungu.

Ukuba usulelo lusasazeka luye engqondweni (le yimeko enzulu ngakumbi):

• Intloko ebuhlungu (intloko ebuhlungu nengapheliyo)
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Imeko yokungaphili
• Ukudideka (ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso, ukuxhalaba)
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula)

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba unesistim somzimba esibuthathaka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni ebangela iNocardiosis?

Ngamafutshane, unobangela yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiNocardia. Le ntsholongwane ihlala emhlabeni kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.

Le ntsholongwane ingena njani emizimbeni yethu?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Ngokuphefumla iintsholongwane ezifumaneka emhlabeni okanye eluthulini: Xa sikwindawo enothuli, amasuntswana amancinci aqulethe ezi ntsholongwane anokungena emiphungeni yethu.

2. Iintsholongwane zingena ngenxeba okanye inxeba eluswini: Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubusebenza emyezweni uze ufumane iva esandleni sakho okanye inxeba elincinci. Iintsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni ngomhlaba osuka kwelo nxeba. Oku kungenzeka nokuba amanzi angcolileyo okanye umhlaba ungena kwinxeba elikhoyo.

3. Ngezixhobo zonyango ezingcolisiweyo ngexesha lotyando (oku kunqabile kakhulu): Oku akwenzeki rhoqo, kuba izixhobo ezibhedlele zigcinwa zicocekile kakhulu.

Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?

Hayi. I-Nocardiosis ayisosifo esinokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakuyifumana ngokuthetha, ukuxhawulana, okanye ukuba kufutshane nomntu onesifo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Nocardiosis?

Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esempilweni akasoloko egula yintsholongwane yeNocardia, nokuba uyiphefumla okanye ingena eluswini lwakhe. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela iyalwa kwaye iyitshabalalise le ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo. Ubuthathaka beenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba kuthetha ukuba amandla omzimba okulwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo ayancitshiswa.

Iimeko eziphambili apho umngcipheko unokwanda khona zezi:

• Abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba amaninzi: Ingakumbi abo baye bafakelwa imiphunga okanye intliziyo (ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba aqinileyo).
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa iiseli ze-stem: ingakumbi abo baye bathatha iiseli ze-stem komnye umntu (ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem ze-allogenic).
• Abantu abanesifo somhlaza(Ingakumbi xa ndinyangwa umhlaza).
• Abantu abanesifo seswekile.
• Abantu abosulelwe yi-HIV.
• Abantu abanezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa amandla omzimba okulwa nesifo.
• Abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo, umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-'COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)'.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeNocardiosis?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, oku kunokuba yinto embi kakhulu ukuba akunyangelwanga kakuhle. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho ziquka:

• Usulelo lusasazeka ukusuka emiphungeni luye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba: umzekelo, ukuya engqondweni, egazini, kulusu, emehlweni, kwizintso, emathanjeni, okanye kwimisipha.
• I-Pneumonia: Usulelo lwemiphunga.
• Ithumba lemiphunga: Ingqokelela yobofu ngaphakathi emiphungeni eyenza iqhuma.
• I-Sepsis: Le yindlela esongela ubomi, egqithisileyo yokusabela komzimba kwisifo.
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla: Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu abalulekileyo emzimbeni.

Ezi ngxaki azifumaneki kuye wonke umntu, kodwa abantu abakumaqela asengozini enkulu kufuneka balumke kakhulu.

Ifunyanwa njani iNocardiosis?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Eyona iphambili kukukhangela intsholongwane yeNocardia kwiisampuli ezithathwe emzimbeni. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo koku:

• Iibhayoloji zezilonda zesikhumba: Ukuba kukho isilonda sesikhumba, iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu liyathathwa lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope, okanye iibhaktheriya ziyakhuliswa (zikhuliswe).
• Iisampuli ze-sputum: Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo semiphunga, abantu baya kuvavanywa i-sputum yabo.
• Ukuhlamba i-bronchial alveolar: Oku kuquka ukungenisa ityhubhu enekhamera encinci emiphungeni kunye nokuthatha isampuli yolwelo apho ukuze ihlolwe.
• I-Biopsy evela kumathumba engqondo: Ukuba usulelo lusasazeke engqondweni kwaye kuye kwavela ithumba, kuthathwa isampuli apho.
• Uvavanyo lwe-PCR: Le yindlela entsha enokufumanisa izinto zemfuza ezivela kwiibhaktheriya kwaye iqinisekise usulelo.

Ukongeza, i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan inokwenziwa ukujonga usulelo lwemiphunga.Ungayenza.

Ngaba i-Nocardiosis inganyangeka?

Ewe, esi sisifo esinokunyangeka, kodwa kufuneka sixilongwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Unyango oluphambili zii -antibiotics . Ugqirha angakunika i-antibiotic enye okanye ezingaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali besifo kunye nohlobo lwebhaktheriya.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha la mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide lonyango, njengoko ugqirha wakho emyalele. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka uwathathe la mayeza ixesha elide, malunga neenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 . Abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu, banokuthatha la mayeza ixesha elingaphezu konyaka. Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyancipha, ungayeki ukuwathatha la mayeza de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uwathathe. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba uyeka phakathi, isifo sinokubuya.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla bunzima kakhulu, unokunikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo okanye uqhagamshele umphefumli . Ukuba ugula kakhulu, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango.

Kukho into ethile malunga nenani lokufa...

Oku kunokuvakala kuyoyikisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-nocardiosis liphakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-40% . Kwezinye iimeko (umz., abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu, abantu abanezifo zobuchopho), eli nani linokuba phezulu nangakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nobunzima besifo, ubungakanani bosulelo, kunye nenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yesigulana. Ke ngoko, ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubalulekile.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ocinga ukuba zingaba ziimpawu ze-nocardiosis, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini elikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla (umz., abantu abafumana ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, amajoni omzimba athintela ukwenzeka kwesifo sentliziyo, okanye abantu abanesifo seswekile).

Eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Zeziphi ezinye izinto endinokuzenza yonke imihla ukuze ndizinyamekele?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?
• Ndingabuya nini ukuze ndiphinde ndihlolwe?
• Ndingayisebenzisa njani le yeza kanye kanye?

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zilandelayo ezinzulu , yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla
• Ukudideka okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula)
• Inxeba elingapholiyo kwaye likhula ngokukhula
• Amadyungudyungu amakhulu okanye amadyungudyungu abonakala ebomvu, emdaka, eluhlaza okomnyama, okanye emnyama eluswini
• Ulwelo olunuka kakubi luphuma kwiimpumlo

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-Nocardiosis?

Nangona singenakukuphepha ngokupheleleyo oku, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Ukuba usebenza ngomhlaba okanye ngothuli (umz. ukulima igadi, ukulima), nxiba iiglavu kunye nemaski. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.
• Nxiba impahla egquma ulusu kangangoko unako ukuze uthintele amanxeba okanye ukwenzakala, ingakumbi xa usebenza ngaphandle.
• Gcina nawaphi na amanxeba okanye amanxeba avulekileyo eluswini ecocekile kwaye uwagqume (faka amayeza uze ubophe ibhandishi).
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, ingakumbi emva kokuphuma ngaphandle okanye ukusebenza ngomhlaba.
• Ukuba ufumana inxeba, linyange ngoko nangoko. Lihlambe kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, uze uligqume. Ukuba inxeba linzulu kakhulu, ukuba ukopha akuyeki, okanye ukuba uthuli okanye ezinye izinto ezimdaka zinamathele ngaphakathi kwenxeba kwaye azinakushenxiswa, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Kwizigulane ezifakelwe izitho zotyando, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha banika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwangaphambili ukuthintela olu hlobo losulelo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Nocardiosis lusulelo olungaqhelekanga, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha olubulalayo, olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokuzikhusela kolu sulelo, ingakumbi ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye sele uza kufakelwa amalungu omzimba.

Kwakhona, ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, lungela ukuzibona kwangethuba kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona uxilongo lukhawuleza, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele. Masingoyiki, siqaphele, kwaye sizame ukuhlala sisempilweni!

I- Nocardiosis, Usulelo lwebhaktheriya, Izifo ezithwalwa ngumhlaba, I-Immunology, Usulelo lolusu, Usulelo lwemiphunga