I-Oligodendroglioma: Masifunde ngolu hlobo lwethumba lobuchopho ngokulula

Ngaba uhlala uphathwa ziintloko ngaphandle kwesizathu? Okanye ngaba ngequbuliso ukhe waxhuzula okokuqala ebomini bakho? Ngamanye amaxesha esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sezi zinto sisimila sobuchopho. Kwanokusiva la mazwi kusenza soyike kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lwesimila sobuchopho esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esisabela kakuhle kunyango. Yi-oligodendroglioma leyo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-oligodendroglioma?

I-Oligodendroglioma sisimila esikhula engqondweni. Kunqabile kakhulu, sinokukhula nakwi-spinal cord. Ezi simila zikhula kuhlobo oluthile lweseli kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ebizwa ngokuba zii-glial cells. Ngokuchanekileyo, zivela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'oligodendrocytes' phakathi kwezo seli ze-glial.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi seli ze-glial, ii-oligodendrocytes. Khawuthelekelele ukuba inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo yinkampani enkulu. Umsebenzi ophambili kuyo wenziwa ngabasebenzi ababizwa ngokuba zii-neurons. Ngabo bathwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni ukuya emzimbeni kwaye isuka emzimbeni iye engqondweni. Ngoko ke kukho iqela labancedisi abanceda ezi neurons, bazikhusele, kwaye bazinike izondlo abazidingayo. Ezo ziiseli ze-glial .

Ngoko ke zithini ezi oligodendrocytes?

Eli gama livakala lingaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Lenziwe ngamagama aliqela esiGrike.

• I-Oligo (i-Oligo-): encinci
• I-Dendro (-dendro-): njengomthi
• IiCytes (-cytes): iiseli

Ngamafutshane, lithetha "iiseli ezincinci ezinamasebe afana nomthi." Umsebenzi wezi seli ubaluleke kakhulu. Ii-neurons zethu zinengalo ende ebizwa ngokuba yi-axon. Kulapho imiqondiso yombane ihamba khona. Njengocingo lombane . Ngoko ke kukho i-sheath ekhuselayo ejikeleze le axon. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin sheath. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imiqondiso ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingavuzi. Ukuba i -myelin sheath yenziwe ngezi seli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-oligodendrocytes . Iseli enye ye-oligodendrocyte inokwenza i-myelin sheath ejikeleze i-axon yee-neurons ezimalunga nama-30-40 phezulu nasezantsi. Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa inamasebe afana nomthi.

Ngoko ke, i-oligodendroglioma sisimila esiphuma kulwahlulo olungalawulekiyo lweeseli ze-oligodendrocyte, ezenza loo msebenzi ubalulekileyo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezi nati?

Ewe. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) yahlule la mathumba abe ngamanqanaba (amanqanaba) ngokusekwe kubunzima bawo. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-oligodendroglioma. Masijonge oku ngendlela elula yokukuqonda.

Zithini iimpawu ze-oligodendroglioma?

Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu zeethumba zobuchopho zibonakala xa ithumba likhula ngokwaneleyo ukuba liqale ukucinezela izicwili zobuchopho ezingqongileyo. Iimpawu ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-oligodendroglioma ziintloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokuxhuzula . Enyanisweni, malunga nama-80% abantu abanale sifo bahlangabezana nokuxhuzula.

Oku kungenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwethumba ludla ngokukhula kwi-cerebral cortex, inxalenye engaphandle, eneemibimbi zobuchopho bethu. Le ndawo iqulethe amaziko anoxanduva lwemisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla, njengokubona, ukuthetha, kunye nokulawula izihlunu. Xa ithumba livuselela ezi ndawo, kunokuxhuzula.

Ukongeza kwi-seizures, "iimpawu ezingundoqo" zinokubakho, ezibonisa ingxaki kwindawo ethile yengqondo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye elinye icala lobuso .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye (i-aphasia).
• Umbono obuthathaka, umbono ophindwe kabini, umbono ofipheleyo.
• Iingxaki zememori.
• Ubunzima bokucinga nokugxila.

Yintoni unobangela wale meko?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-oligodendroglioma, kufuneka kubekho utshintsho olubini kwimfuza.

Khawucinge ukuba kukho incwadi enkulu yeresiphi enika imiyalelo kwiiseli zomzimba wethu. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-DNA. Izinto ezidityaniswe kuzo le DNA zibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes. Xa iiseli zahlukana, le ncwadi yeresiphi iyakopishwa. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpazamo zinokwenzeka ngexesha lokukopisha. Ewe, iimpazamo ezimbini ezinjalo zizizathu zoku.

1. Ukususwa kwe-1p/19q: Iinxalenye ezimbini ezincinci zeekhromosomu zethu inombolo 1 kunye nenombolo 19 ziyacinywa. Olu luphawu oluphambili lwemfuza kwezi thumba.

2. Utshintsho lwe-IDH1 okanye i-IDH2: Utshintsho lwenzeka kwi-gene eyenza i-enzyme enceda kwi-metabolism emzimbeni wethu.

Okwangoku, akukho ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezichongiweyo ngenxa yesi simo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Iingxaki zethumba lobuchopho zixhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo kunye nobukhulu balo. Ezinye zezona ziphambili ekufuneka uziqaphele zezi:

• Utshintsho olubi: Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba eliphantsi (iBanga lesi-2) linokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha libe ngumhlaza okumgangatho ophezulu (iBanga lesi-3).
• Iimeko ezifana nestroke: Njengoko ithumba likhula, uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwengqondo luyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ivuvuke, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nestroke.
• Utshintsho emathanjeni entloko: La mathumba anokuba nzima ngenxa ye-calcium deposits. Ithumba elikhula kancinci linokuchaphazela namathambo entloko.

Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?

Xa usiya kugqirha wakho xa uneempawu, uza kulandela amanyathelo ambalwa.

1. Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yomzimba neyemithambo-luvo: Ugqirha uza kujonga ibhalansi yakho, amandla emisipha, umbono, kunye nokusabela komzimba.

2. Ukujonga ngemifanekiso: Iiskeni zenziwa ukuze kujongwe ngaphakathi entlokweni.

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Oku kudla ngokuba yinto yokuqala eyenziwayo xa kukho into efana nokuxhuzula. Ezi thumba zinokubonakala kakuhle kwi-CT scan kuba zine-calcium.
• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kunokubonelela ngombono ocacileyo wezicubu zobuchopho, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yethumba.

3.I-Brain Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo oluqinisekisa isifo nge-100% . Iiskeni zodwa azinakuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yi-oligodendroglioma. Kwi-biopsy, ugqirha wemithambo-luvo ususa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lethumba aze alithumele kwilebhu. Apho, iiseli zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope. Zikwajonga ukuba kukho utshintsho lwemfuza esithethe ngalo ngaphambili, i-1p/19q co-deletion kunye ne-IDH mutation . Ukuba zombini zikhona, ngokuqinisekileyo yi-oligodendroglioma.

Zithini iindlela zonyango? Ingaba kunokwenzeka na ukuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zeethumba zobuchopho, i-oligodendroglioma yenye yeethumba ezinyangekayo nezinyangekayo. Ihlala inyangwa ngokudibanisa unyango.

Utyando

Injongo yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo kukususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha ithumba linokususwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye namava kagqirha wakho.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-chemotherapy inikwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli ezinokuthi zishiyeke emva kotyando. Kukho amayeza amaninzi asebenzayo e-oligodendroglioma.

• Inkqubo yonyango lwe-PCV: Le yindibaniselwano yamayeza amathathu: i-procarbazine, i-lomustine, kunye ne-vincristine.
• I-Temozolomide: Eli yeza ngamanye amaxesha lisetyenziswa endaweni ye-PCV kuba lineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kwaye lisebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-PCV.

Unyango lweMisebe

Oku kubandakanya ukujolisa kwimitha enamandla aphezulu (efana ne-X-ray) kwindawo yethumba, ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo ngelixa kunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.

Ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezonyango baza kugqiba kunye ukuba loluphi unyango olukufaneleyo, luza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani, kunye nokuba ngaba udinga unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation emva kotyando.

Buza kuba njani ubomi ngesi sifo? (Imbono)

Kuyaqondakala ukuba nabani na uyoyika aze othuke xa esiva ngethumba lobuchopho. Kodwa i-oligodendroglioma ayilomeko yokulahlekelwa lithemba.

Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu - ipesenti yabantu abaphila emva kweminyaka emi-5 emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo le ntsholongwane - liphakathi kwama-69% nama-90% kwiithumba ezikumgangatho ophantsi. Kwanakwiithumba ezikumgangatho ophezulu, liphakathi kwama-45% nama-76%. Ezi ziinkcukacha-manani nje, imeko yakho inokuba ngcono kakhulu.

Kwakhona, uphando ngoku luyaqhubeka ngamayeza amatsha ajolise kwezi thumba nge-IDH mutation, ukuze sibe nethemba elihle ngekamva.

Izinto onokuzenza kunye nemibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ukuba unesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo enikwe liqela lakho lezonyango. Kubalulekile ukuya kunyango ngexesha kwaye uthathe amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo. Unyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo kwaye ufunde ngento enokwenziwa ngazo.

Ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ithumba lam linqanaba lini (ibanga)?
• Iphi engqondweni le nto? Zeziphi izakhono enokuzichaphazela?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ngaba eli thumba lingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando?
• Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki zonyango?
• Ngaba ndifuna i-chemotherapy, i-radiation therapy, okanye zombini?
• Injani ishedyuli yonyango?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndifune uncedo lwezonyango ngazo ngexesha okanye emva konyango? (umz., intloko ebuhlungu, ukuxhuzula okuphindaphindiweyo).