Ingozi efihlakeleyo yonxweme lomlambo: Masifunde nge-Onchocerciasis, okanye ubumfama bomlambo?

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibi esihlasela abantu abahlala ecaleni kweentlambo ezintle nezihamba ngokukhawuleza zemilambo, nto leyo ebangela ubumfama? Le yi-Onchocerciasis, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-'river blindness.' Igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa masithethe ngesi sifo siyingozi ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-Onchocerciasis? Ikwaziwa nangokuthi "ukungaboni komlambo"

Ngamafutshane, i-onchocerciasis sisifo esibangelwa yimpethu edla ngokuba yiparasite . Igama lesayensi lale mpethu yi-"Onchocerca volvulus". Le ntsholongwane idluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa rhoqo ziimpethu ezimnyama ezinentsholongwane ze-genus ``Simulium``. Ezi mpukane zimnyama zizala kufutshane nemilambo nemilambo egeleza ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinzima, ezishushu, zezolimo.

Esi sifo sinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kulusu lwakho nakumehlo akho , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sinokubangela ubumfama obungapheliyo . Yiyo loo nto sikwabizwa ngokuba "bubumfama bomlambo." Khawuthelekelele indlela okuyingozi ngayo oko!

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Ubusazi na ukuba esi sifo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-onchocerciasis, sixhaphake kakhulu kwi -Afrika esemazantsi eSahara nakwiindawo ezithile zaseMzantsi Melika, ezifana neBrazil neVenezuela? Ngokutsho kwePan American Health Organisation, esebenza ngokubambisana neWorld Health Organisation, malunga ne-18 yezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banesifo esi. Kwaba, malunga nama-270,000 bangaboni ngokupheleleyo.

Kodwa ke, kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Amanye amazwe aphelise esi sifo ngokufafaza izibulali-zinambuzane nokunika amayeza kubemi abaninzi. Oko kuyakhuthaza ngokwenene.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana esi sifo?

Iimpukane ezinesi sifo ezisasaza esi sifo zihlala kufutshane nemilambo nemijelo egeleza ngokukhawuleza, kwiindawo ezikude, zasemaphandleni, kwiilali zaseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika. Ngoko ke, abantu abahlala kwezo ndawo basengozini enkulu.

Kwakhona, abantu abahamba baye kwezi ndawo ixesha elide nabo basengozini yokufumana esi sifo. Umzekelo, abaphandi basentsimini, abavangeli basemazweni, kunye namavolontiya ePeace Corps. ESri Lanka, asihlali sihamba kwezi ndawo rhoqo, ngoko ke asikho emngciphekweni omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu uhamba eya kwilizwe elinje, ingakumbi elisemaphandleni, ngenxa yomsebenzi okanye nasiphi na esinye isizathu esithile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.

Ikhula njani i-onchocerciasis?

Le yinto efuna ingcaciso encinci. Cinga ngayo ngolu hlobo.

Xa i-black fly iluma umntu one-onchocerciasis, itya ii -microscopic worm larvae , eziziintshulube ezincinci, ezibangela esi sifo. Ezi zihluma emva koko zikhula emzimbeni we-fly.

Ngoku, xa loo mpukane inentsholongwane iluma omnye umntu ophilileyo, ifaka loo mpukane ikhulileyo emzimbeni womntu omtsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngesiqhelo, esi sifo asidluliselwa ngokuluma kanye kuphela; kufuneka iimpukane ezininzi, amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze zibangele usulelo. Emva kokungena emzimbeni omtsha, ezi mpukane zikhula zibe ziimpethu ezindala, ezidibana kunye ukuze zivelise ezinye iimpethu. Ezi mpukane emva koko zisasazeka eluswini, emehlweni nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba xa ezi zibungu zininzi kakhulu emzimbeni, imizimba yethu iqala ukusabela. Oko kukuthi, umzimba uqala ukulwa nezi zihlaseli. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yimpendulo yokudumba . Kulapho ke iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala khona.

Zithini iimpawu zokubona ulusu oluphuma emlanjeni?

I-Onchocerciasis ichaphazela kakhulu ulusu lwakho namehlo . Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukurhawuzelela kakhulu ulusu: Olu luphawu oluphambili kunye nophawu lokuqala oluqatshelwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha ukurhawuzelela akunyamezeleki.
• Izilonda emehlweni akho: Izilonda zinokwenzeka ngaphakathi emehlweni.
• Amanxeba, amadyungudyungu, okanye amaqhuqhuva eluswini: Ngamanye amaxesha, amaqhuqhuva anokwakheka phantsi kwesikhumba esijikeleze ukuhlaselwa ziimpethu. La maxa wambi anokubonakala nasebusweni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba lubonakale lungathandeki.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona, ukubona okuphantsi, okanye ubumfama obungapheliyo: Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, amehlo ayonakaliswa kwaye ukubona kuncipha kancinci kancinci, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekubeni ubumfama buphele. Esi sesona siphumo siyingozi kakhulu sesi sifo.

Ziyavela ixesha elingakanani iimpawu emva kokosuleleka?

Umntu osuleleke yi-onchocerciasis akahlali engonwabanga ekuqaleni. Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala emva kokuba iimbungu zande emzimbeni. Le nkqubo ingathatha malunga neenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18, oko kukuthi, unyaka okanye unyaka onesiqingatha . Ngoko ke, kungathatha ixesha ngaphambi kokuba umntu aqaphele ukuba usulelekile sesi sifo.

Ingaba esi sifo se-onchocerciasis siyasulela?

I-Onchocerciasis ayidluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinakudluliselwa ngokuthetha, ukuxhawulana, okanye ukutya nomntu onesifo.

Kodwa, le yindlela esi sifo esisasazeka ngayo: Iimpukane ezimnyama ziluma umntu onesifo zize zifunxe iimbungu ezisemzimbeni wakhe. Emva koko, xa ezo mpukane zihamba zilume umntu ongenaso esi sifo, zosulela umntu omtsha ngaloo mbungu. Ngoko ke, oku kusasazeka ngeempukane .

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unayo na i-onchocerciasis, ugqirha uhlala esenza i-skin biopsies . Oku kuthetha ukuthatha iziqwenga ezincinci zesikhumba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba aze azihlole nge-microscope ukuze abone ukuba kukho na izibungu ze-worm.

Ukujonga ukuba amehlo akho awanazo na izilonda okanye ezinye izinto. Baza kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"slit lamp." Sifana ne-microscope enokukhanya okukhanyayo.

Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba umzimba une -antibodies ezizama ukulwa nosulelo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango lwe-river blindness lunyango olusetyenziswa ngomlomo olulwa neentsholongwane olubizwa ngokuba yi- ivermectin . Eli liyeza elibaluleke kakhulu.

Kodwa nantsi into encinci ekufuneka uyiqonde. I-Ivermectin ibulala kuphela iimbungu, hayi iimbungu ezindala . Imbungu yemazi endala ingaphila iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Ngeli xesha, inokuvelisa izigidi zeembungu ezintsha! Khawuthelekelele indlela okuyingozi ngayo oko.

Ngoko ke, eli yeza kufuneka lithathwe iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15, ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka . Kuphela ngokuqhubeka nonyango apho inani leempethu emzimbeni lingalawulwa, de iimpethu ezindala zife ngokwendalo.

Singazikhusela njani koku?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo kukuphepha ukuya kwiindawo apho usulelo lusekhona khona. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kufuneka uhambele kuloo ndawo, kubalulekile ukulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko:

• Nxiba iimpahla ezinyangiweyo ngesibulali-zinambuzane esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Permethrin." Ezinye iivenkile zithengisa ezi mpahla, okanye ungazitshiza ngokwakho.
• Futha umzimba wakho kunye neempahla zakho ngesibulali-zinambuzane esine-`(DEET).` Oku kuya kunceda ukugxotha iimpukane kunye neengcongconi.
• Nxiba ibhulukhwe yakho uyifake kwiikawusi zakho. Ngale ndlela, amaqatha akho akayi kuvezwa kwaye kuya kuba namathuba amancinci okuba iimpukane zikulume.
• Nxiba iihempe ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde. Kungcono ukugquma ulusu oluninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba uya kwilali yaseAfrika ngenxa yomsebenzi. Kuya kufuneka uhlale kufutshane nomlambo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kangakanani ukulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko xa uphuma kusasa nangokuhlwa!

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-onchocerciasis?

I-Onchocerciasis yeyona nto yesibini ebangela ubumfama emhlabeni kwaye inokubangela izilonda ezinzima zesikhumba kunye neengxaki, kunye nobumfama obungapheliyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza emva kokosuleleka kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukosuleleka okunzulu ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unenkxalabo.

Ngaba ubumfama obubangelwe yile nto abunakuphiliswa?

Ngelishwa, xa ubumfama buvela ngenxa ye-onchocerciasis, abunakuguqulwa. Oko kukuthi, ukubona okulahlekileyo akunakuphinda kubuye.Leyo yeyona nxalenye ibuhlungu yesi sifo. Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango, kunye nokuthintela ngaphambi kokuba isifo siqale, kubaluleke kangaka.

Ndingenza ntoni xa ndicinga ukuba ndinale sifo?

Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwindawo ekude eAfrika okanye eMzantsi Melika, ingakumbi ecaleni kwemilambo, waza walunywa ziimpukane ezimnyama, okanye ukuba uneempawu ze-onchocerciasis (ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa lusu kakhulu, ukungakhululeki kwamehlo), nceda ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Ugqirha angakuvavanya ulusu lwakho negazi lakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho usulelo na. Khumbula, okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuthintela iziphumo ezibi aphezulu.

I-Onchocerciasis, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-"river blindness," sisifo esibangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yi-Onchocerca volvulus. Esi parasite sisasazeka ziimpukane ezinentsholongwane ezihlala kufutshane nemilambo nemilambo kwiindawo ezikude zaseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika. Ukuba ukhe waya kwiindawo ezinjalo waza walunywa ziimpukane ezimnyama, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha.

Khumbula eyona nto ibalulekileyo! (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda ngcono into ebesithetha ngayo, i-onchocerciasis, okanye i-river blindness. Nazi ezinye iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimpethu edlakadlaka kwaye sisasazeka ziimpukane ezimnyama .
• Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika .
• Iimpawu eziphambili kukurhawuzelela okunzulu, iingxaki zesikhumba, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono/ubumfama .
• Unyango lungenziwa ngeyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Ivermectin)` , kodwa kufuneka lithathwe ixesha elide.
• Ukuba usiya kwiindawo apho isifo sixhaphake khona, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo akhethekileyo okuzikhusela kwiimpukane .
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza, kuba ukubhaqwa kwangoko kunokuthintela iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokungaboni.

Nangona esi sifo singaqhelekanga eSri Lanka, xa ucinga ngendlela abantu abakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi abachaphazeleka ngayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi zifo, akunjalo? Kwakhona, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ukhe wahamba waya kwindawo enomngcipheko omkhulu, ndikholelwa ukuba olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo.

I- Onchocerciasis, ubumfama bomlambo, impethu ebangelwa zizinambuzane, iimpukane ezimnyama, iimpukane ezimnyama, ukurhawuzelela kolusu, ukulahleka kokubona, i-ivermectin