Ulifunda njani eli nqaku? Uzibona njani izinto ezintle kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo, ubuso babantu obathandayo? Emva kwako konke oku kukho unxibelelwano olumangalisayo phakathi kwamehlo ethu nengqondo yethu. Eyona nto iphambili eyakha olo nxibelelwano, olusebenza njenge-'data cable', yi-optic nerve, okanye i-optic nerve . Makhe sithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Optic Nerve?
Ngamafutshane, i-optic nerve yinqwaba yezigidi zee-nerve fibers, njengentambo eyenziwe ngeentambo ezininzi zombane. Ezi mithambo-luvo ziqala emva kwamehlo ethu kwaye ziqhagamshelane ngqo nengqondo yethu.
Le yindlela elula yokucinga ukuba oku kusebenza njani.
- Iliso lakho lifana nekhamera.
- I-retina, ngasemva kweliso, ifana nesensa ekwikhamera. Ibona ukukhanya ize iguqule oko sikubonayo kube ziimpawu zombane.
- I-optic nerve ifana nentambo edibanisa ikhamera kunye nekhompyutha. Oko kukuthi, imiqondiso yombane eveliswa kwi-retina ithwalwa iye 'kwikhompyutha' ebizwa ngokuba yingqondo ngale optic nerve.
Le yeyowesibini kwimithambo-luvo eli-12 yentloko eqhagamshelwe ngqo ebuchotsheni bethu. Kodwa le yahlukile kancinci kweminye imithambo-luvo. Kuba, ithathwa njengenxalenye yeNkqubo yethu yeNervous (CNS) , oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Eminye imithambo-luvo yentloko iphantsi kweNkqubo yeNervous yePheripheral (PNS) .
Iphi le mithambo-luvo yokubona?
Uhambo lwale mithambo-luvo mibini, eqala emva kwamehlo akho ize iye engqondweni yakho, luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Uhambo luhamba ngolu hlobo:
1. Umjelo Wokubona: Okokuqala, lo mthambo ungena ekhayeni lethu ngomjelo omncinci owenziwe ngethambo obizwa ngokuba ngumjelo wokubona.
2. I-Optic Chiasm: Nje ukuba ingaphakathi kwikhakayi, kukho indawo edibanisayo enomfanekiso ka-Y apho imithambo-luvo evela emehlweni omabini idibana khona. Apha kwenzeka into emangalisayo. Eminye imisonto yemithambo-luvo evela kwiliso lasekunene itshintshelwa ekhohlo, kwaye eminye imisonto yemithambo-luvo evela kwiliso lasekhohlo itshintshelwa ekunene.
3. Ubuchopho: Emva kwale ndibano, ii-nerve fibers zihamba ngqo kwi -visual cortex , indawo engasemva kwengqondo. Kulapho sitolika kwaye sihlalutye oko sikubonayo njenge "mifanekiso." Olu dluliselo lwe-nerve lusenza sikwazi ukudibanisa imifanekiso evela emehlweni omabini ibe ngumfanekiso omnye, ocacileyo we-3D.
Ngaba kukho eminye imisebenzi ngaphandle kombono?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Endleleni eya ebuchotsheni, inxalenye encinci yale micu yemithambo-luvo isasazeka kwezinye iindawo. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Ukusabela Komfundi: Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa ngequbuliso ungena elangeni elikhanyayo, imbombo yamehlo akho iyancipha ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwaye xa ungena kwigumbi elimnyama, iyakhula. Oku kwenzeka ukulawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Ekubeni le nkqubo kufuneka yenzeke ngokukhawuleza, imiqondiso yayo ithunyelwa zezo zi-nerve fibers ezahlulahlulayo.
- I-Accommodation Reflex: Xa ujonga incwadi ephambi kwakho uze ngequbuliso ujonge umthi okude, umthi uyacaca ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yokuba imo yelensi engaphakathi kweliso iyatshintsha, ivumela ukuba igxile kwizinto ezikude nezikufutshane. I-optic nerve nayo ibandakanyeka ekulawuleni le nkqubo.
- I-Circadian Rhythm: Ngamafutshane, le 'yiwotshi yebhayoloji' yomzimba wethu. Le wotshi ilawula ixesha esilala ngalo, ixesha esivuka ngalo, kunye nendlela ubushushu bomzimba wethu kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi olutshintsha ngayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo emini. Ulwazi malunga nokukhanya okuhamba ukuya ebuchotsheni nge-optic nerve lunceda le wotshi ukwahlula phakathi kwemini nobusuku.
Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela i-optic nerve?
Ngelishwa, kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokonakalisa le mithambo-luvo ixabisekileyo. Ezinye zazo zidweliswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Glaucoma | I-nerve iyaxinwa kancinci kancinci kwaye yonakale ngenxa yokunyuka koxinzelelo lolwelo ngaphakathi kweliso. |
| I-Optic Neuritis | Imithambo-luvo idla ngokudumba okanye ukudumba ngenxa yezinye izifo okanye izifo ezihlasela umzimba. |
| I-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwimithambo-luvo. |
| I-Papilledema | Ukudumba komthambo we-optic ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olujikeleze ingqondo (umz. iithumba zobuchopho, iingozi). |
| Ukuwohloka Kwamehlo | Ngenxa yokuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi kwimithambo-luvo ngokuhamba kwexesha, imithambo-luvo iyancipha, njengomthi ongenamanzi. |
| IiGliomas zeNervous Optic | Iithumba ezikhula kwi-optic nerve. Ezi zihlala zingenawo umhlaza (zingenobungozi). |
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki ye-optic nerve
Xa kukho ingxaki nge-optic nerve, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka. Ezi zinokuba zezexeshana okanye ezingapheliyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, ungaze ulutyeshele.
Ezinye zeempawu ezibonakala rhoqo zezi:
- Umbono ofipheleyo.
- Ubunzima bokubona imibala okanye ukubona imibala ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
- Ukubona amabala amnyama okanye izithuba kwindawo yokubona (iiBlind Spots) .
- Intlungu yamehlo, ingakumbi xa ushukumisa amehlo.
- Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (Double Vision / Diplopia) .
- Ukubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo (Photopsias) .
- Ukuncipha kombono ojikelezayo.
- Ukuncipha ngequbuliso okanye ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono.
Singayikhusela njani imithambo-luvo yethu yamehlo?
Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukukhusela le mithambo-luvo ixabisekileyo kunye nokubona kwethu.
- Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Nokuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba unxibe iiglasi, ukujonga amehlo akho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka kunokunceda ekufumaneni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kwangethuba.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba kuyingenelo kwimpilo iyonke kunye namehlo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Yitya ukutya okuqulethe iivithamini (ingakumbi iivithamini ze-B) kunye neeminerali (umz. i-copper) ezibalulekileyo kwimithambo-luvo esempilweni.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.Kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zifo zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni nakwimithambo-luvo ye-optic.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa ezinye iimveliso zecuba konakalisa imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ehambisa igazi kwi-optic nerve.
- Khusela amehlo akho nentloko yakho: Nxiba iintloko zokhuseleko kunye neeglasi zokhuseleko xa udlala imidlalo, usebenzisa oomatshini, kwaye ukhwela iibhayisekile.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho oluhamba kancinci kancinci ekuboneni kwakho, iintlungu zamehlo, okanye umbono ofipheleyo, bona ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona utshintsho ngequbuliso okanye ulahlekelwa yimbono, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto. Isenokuba yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Olu nxibelelwano lumangalisayo phakathi kwamehlo ethu nengqondo yethu, i-optic nerve, yinto esihlala siyityeshela. Kodwa ukugcina le mithambo-luvo isempilweni kubalulekile ukuze sonwabele ubuhle bobomi bethu. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokubona kwakho, ungaze unqikaze ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-optic nerve 'yintambo' ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala oko amehlo ethu akubonayo ukuya engqondweni.
- Ungaze ulutyeshele naluphi na utshintsho embonweni, ingakumbi oluvela ngequbuliso. Lungaba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
- Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lweemeko zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luchaphazela ngqo impilo yamehlo akho.
- Ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo, iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela umthambo we-optic zinokubonwa kwangethuba kwaye zinyangwe.
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