Ngaba unemibuzo malunga neSchizophrenia? Yintoni i-'Paranoid Schizophrenia'? Masiyichaze yonke into!

Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia', akunjalo? Mhlawumbi kukho umntu okuxelele ngalo. Kodwa ubusazi, oogqirha abasalisebenzisi kakhulu elo gama. Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye iSchizophrenia? Ngaba yinto yokoyika ngokwenene? ​​Makhe sithethe ngayo namhlanje ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Ngaba igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' alisasetyenziswa? Ngoko ke yintoni iSchizophrenia?

Ngamafutshane, igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' ligama elidala elingasasetyenziswa ngoogqirha. Ngaphambili, eli gama lalisetyenziswa ukuchaza uhlobo lwe-schizophrenia. Oko kukuthi, abantu ababeneempawu eziquka ukurhanela okukhulu ukuba abanye bazimisele ukubenzakalisa (paranoia) okanye ukukholelwa kwizinto ababengenakuzamkela nokuba baxelelwe ukuba aziyonyani ('delusions').

Kodwa ngoku, njengoko isayensi yezonyango iqhubela phambili, olu hlobo lolwahlulo lutshintshile. Ngo-2013, xa i-American Psychiatric Association ihlaziya incwadi yayo yokuxilonga, i-'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition' (DSM-5), kwaye ngo-2019, i-World Health Organisation yahlaziya ulwahlulo lwayo lwezifo lwamazwe ngamazwe, i-'International Classification of Diseases 11th edition' (ICD-11), balususa olu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-'Paranoid Schizophrenia.'

Oogqirha ngoku bacinga ukuba i-schizophrenia yenye yeemeko ezininzi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-psychosis, apho ingqondo ilahlekelwa yinkcazelo yokwenyani. Oko kukuthi, sisifo esinye esikhulu, esineempawu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Asihlulwahlulwanga saba ziintlobo ngeentlobo njengoko sasinjalo ngaphambili.

Ngubani onokufumana le meko? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

I-Schizophrenia idla ngokuqala kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-25. Kwabasetyhini, idla ngokuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nengama-35. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ichaphazela icala elinye kuphela. Omabini amacala anokuyihlakulela. I-Schizophrenia ayiqhelekanga kakhulu ebantwaneni abancinci, kodwa iyenzeka. Idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu.

Esi asisosifo semihla ngemihla, kodwa sesinye abantu abaninzi abaye beva ngaso. Ngokutsho kweengcali, malunga nabantu abangama-85 kwabangama-10,000 banokuba nale meko ebomini babo. Ehlabathini lonke, malunga ne-2.77 lakh yamatyala amatsha afunyanwa minyaka le.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni nasengqondweni xa kuvela isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-schizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia sisifo sengqondo esichaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bakho. Ichaphazela kakhulu indlela ocinga ngayo, okhumbula ngayo, nohlangabezana ngayo nezinto. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banengxaki yokwahlula phakathi kwento yokwenyani nengeyonyani. Basenokubona kwaye beve izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani (iimbono ezingezizo) kwaye bakholelwe kakhulu kwizinto ezingezizo zokwenyani (iingcamango ezikhohlisayo). Basenokuba nokucinga okungacwangciswanga kwaye bangakwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili zeSchizophrenia?

I-Schizophrenia idla ngokuhamba ngamanqanaba amathathu. Ngexesha lelona nqanaba libi kakhulu lesi sifo, unokufumana ubuncinane enye yezi mpawu zintlanu ziphambili:

• Iingcamango ezingezizo: Ezi ziinkolelo zobuxoki ezingenakutshintshwa, nokuba bungakanani na ubungqina obuvelayo.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekhoyo: Amava okubona, ukuva, okanye ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene.
• Intetho edidayo okanye engaqondaniyo: Izinto ezithethwayo zisenokungahambelani. Amagama angenantsingiselo angasetyenziswa.
• Ukuziphatha okungalungelelananga okanye okungaqhelekanga: Izinto ezifana nokwenza izinto ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukungakhathali ngococeko lomntu.
• Iimpawu ezingalunganga: Ezi zizinto ezilindelekileyo emntwini, ezinje ngokubonisa iimvakalelo, umdla, kunye nobuhlobo.

I-paranoia kunye nendlela ezibonakalisa ngayo

Nangona ngaphambili yayibizwa ngokuba yi-'Paranoid Schizophrenia', i-paranoia idla ngokubonakala kwi-schizophrenia. Le paranoia yindlela yokungabathembi abanye, ukholelwa ukuba wonke umntu uzama ukukulimaza, kwaye uziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.

Olu rhanelwa luvela ikakhulu kwiimpawu ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'delusions' (iinkolelo zobuxoki) kunye ne-'hallucinations' (ukubona/ukuva izinto ezingekhoyo).

• Iinkohliso: Ezi zezo ndizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, iinkolelo zobuxoki ezingenakutshintshwa nokuba bungakanani na ubungqina obuvezwayo. Iinkohliso eziza nokuthandabuza zihlala zizinto ezahlukeneyo "zokutshutshisa". Oko kukuthi, bakholelwa kakhulu ukuba umntu uzama ukubenzakalisa, ukuba nefuthe elibi ebomini babo. Khawucinge nje, umntu ucinga ukuba umntu othile utyhefa ukutya kwakhe, okanye ukuba abamelwane bayamceba ebusuku. Ezi ziinkohliso.
• Izinto Ezingabonakaliyo: Ezi zizinto ezibona okanye eziva izinto ezingekhoyo ngokwenene. Xa umntu ebona izinto ezingekhoyo, akanakuyiqonda into yokuba aziyonyani. Ezi zinto zihlala ziqinisa izinto eziphosakeleyo ebezikhankanyiwe ngaphambili. Umzekelo, umntu unokuva umntu emkhwaza, aze acinge athi, "Owu, loo mntu uzama ukundenzakalisa."

Ukungazi kakuhle imeko yakho (`Anosognosia`)

Olunye uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-schizophrenia yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Anosognosia." Oku kungachazwa nje ngokuba "kukungazi kakuhle imeko yakho." Oku kuthetha ukuba ingqondo yomntu ayikwazi ukuqonda ukuba unesifo, nangona eneempawu okanye obunye ubungqina bokuba unaso. Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu kwi-schizophrenia, yiyo loo nto abantu abane-schizophrenia benokuthi bangavumi unyango kwaye bangavumi ukwamkela ukuba banesi sifo.

Yintoni ebangela i-schizophrenia? Ngaba kukho izinto ezithile ezibangela le ngxaki?

Phuhlisa i-schizophreniaAkukho sizathu sinye esiqinisekileyo okwangoku. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezidlala indima. Nangona kunjalo, awunakuqiniseka ukuba uza kuba ne-schizophrenia kuba nje unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto. Bachonge izizathu ezintathu eziphambili ze-schizophrenia:

• Ukungalingani kweekhemikhali engqondweni yakho: Olu lutshintsho kwiikhemikhali (umz., ii-neurotransmitters) ezisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana phakathi kweeseli zengqondo.
• Iingxaki zobuchopho bokuzalwa: Iingxaki ezithile ezichaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo ngaphambi kokuba uzalwe, ngelixa usesesibelekweni.
• Ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo obuchopho: Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bakho ziyasebenzisana. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuwohloka kwezi nxibelelwano kunokukhokelela kwi-schizophrenia.

Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba ne-schizophrenia. Ezi zinto ziquka utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olufunyenwe kubazali, ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile, iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zokuzonwabisa. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zinto zithile ezibangela esi sifo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-schizophrenia ayisosifo esosulelayo. Ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

I-Schizophrenia idla ngokuchongwa yingcali yezempilo yengqondo, njengogqirha wengqondo. Basebenzisa iindlela kunye nezixhobo ezidibeneyo zokuyichonga. Ezi ndlela ziquka ukuhlalutya imbali yakho yezonyango kunye neyobuqu, ukubuza imibuzo malunga namava akho kunye neempawu zakho, kunye nokujonga indlela oziphatha ngayo kunye nokusebenza kwakho.

Zonke ezi ndlela kufuneka zidityaniswe ukuze kufunyanwe isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-schizophrenia. Kuba, ukuqinisekisa isifo, kufuneka ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubuncinane iimpawu ezimbini kwezintlanu eziphambili ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kufuneka zibekho.
• Ezi mpawu ziphambili kufuneka zihlale ubuncinane inyanga . Kwakhona, isiphumo sisonke kufuneka sihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu .
• Kumelwe ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka kubomi bakho bentlalo okanye emsebenzini .

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe esi sifo?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ukunceda ekuxilongeni i-schizophrenia. Nangona kungekho nanye kwezi vavanyo enokuyixilonga ngokuthe ngqo i-schizophrenia, zinokunceda ekususeni ezinye iimeko okanye iingxaki ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

Ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinokwenziwa zezi:

• Uvavanyo lokucinga ngemifanekiso: Olu luquka ii-CT scans kunye nee-MRI scans.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, umchamo, kunye nolwelo lomqolo (`i-Spinal tap`): Olu vavanyo lukhangela izinto ezifana notshintsho lweekhemikhali kulwelo lomzimba, ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima, kunye nosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwengqondo:I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ihlalutya kwaye irekhode umsebenzi wombane wengqondo yakho. Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni izifo ezifana nesifo sokuwa.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku? Ngaba inganyangeka?

I-Schizophrenia yimeko enokunyangeka kwaye ilawulwe, kodwa ayinakuphiliswa. Abanye abantu banokuphila ngokupheleleyo kwaye bangaphinde baphinde babuyele kwisifo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zibiza abo bantu ngokuthi "bakhululekile" kuba akunakwenzeka ukuqikelela ukuba baza kuphinda babuyele kwisifo.

I-Schizophrenia idla ngokuphathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nokuba zidibene okanye ngaxeshanye. Amayeza, unyango lwengqondo, kunye neendlela zokuzilawula zezona zibalulekileyo. Zonke ezi zintathu, ukuba zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo nangokungaguqukiyo, zinokunceda ukulawula imeko. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango lwangoko kwandisa amathuba okuba nesiphumo esihle.

Ngawaphi amayeza okanye unyango olusetyenziswayo?

Amayeza sisiseko sezicwangciso zonyango lwe-schizophrenia. Abantu abane-schizophrenia bahlala befumana ezinye iindlela zonyango eziphucula imiphumo yamayeza kwaye zibancede.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-schizophrenia: `amayeza aqhelekileyo okulwa nesifo sengqondo` kunye `amayeza angaqhelekanga okulwa nesifo sengqondo`. Ukongeza, amanye amayeza anokunceda ukunyanga i-schizophrenia ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango okanye iindlela ezinokunceda:

• Unyango lwengqondo: Unyango lwempilo yengqondo lunceda abantu abane-schizophrenia ukuba baqonde kwaye bamelane nemeko yabo. Lunokunceda nokulawula ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinokubangelwa okanye ezihamba ne-schizophrenia.
• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwi-schizophrenia engaphenduliyo kumayeza, okanye xa umntu esengozini yokuzilimaza okanye yokwenzakalisa abanye ngenxa yeempawu ezinzulu zengqondo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani okanye ndilawule iimpawu zam?

Akufuneki uzifumanise une-schizophrenia, okanye umntu omthandayo nawe, kuba le ayisoloko ilula ukuyifumanisa. Kuthatha uqeqesho namava ukuyifumanisa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona, iimpawu zesi sifo zinokuvela kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-'Paranoid Personality Disorder' okanye 'Delusional Disorder'. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zizathu, ugqirha kufuneka ayifumanise le sifo.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokuba uza kuziva ungcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva kokuqala unyango, ugqirha wakho ngoyena mthombo wolwazi ulungileyo. Uya kukwazi ukukunika uqikelelo oluchanekileyo, ethathela ingqalelo izinto ebomini bakho ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle konyango. Uya kukuxelela nangezinye iindlela zonyango ukuba unyango lokuqala aluphumelelanga.

Khumbula, i-schizophrenia yimeko eyenzeka ngequbuliso. Ngenxa yoko, ayinakuthintelwa okanye umngcipheko wokuyifumana ungancitshiswa.

Ukuba ndinayo le meko, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

I-Schizophrenia yimeko enokuphazamisa ubomi bomntu kakhulu kuba ichaphazela ubudlelwane bakhe nenyaniso. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu one-schizophrenia unobunzima bokwazi ukuba yintoni eyinyani kwaye yintoni engeyonyani. Inokuba ngamava othusayo kwaye adideke kakhulu.

Xa umntu enezinto azikhohlisayo nezingekhoyo kunye ne-paranoia ekhankanyiweyo, kuqhelekile ukuba azive esoyika kwaye angabathembi abanye. Umntu one-schizophrenia unokukholelwa ngempazamo ukuba abo bazama ukumnceda bazama ukumenzakalisa.

Ngonyango, i-schizophrenia inokulawulwa kakhulu. Ngaphandle konyango, okanye ukuba unyango lulibaziseka okanye luyekiswa, abantu abane-schizophrenia banokulwa nemiphumo yesi sifo. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi, neyingozi, ebomini babo. Banokuba nengxaki yokugcina ubudlelwane kunye nokugcina umsebenzi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngamakhaya abo kunye nokuba bodwa kuluntu. Abantu abane-schizophrenia nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala. Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango alunakunceda kuphela, kodwa lunokusindisa ubomi.

I-Schizophrenia yimeko engapheliyo ubomi bonke. Abanye abantu banokuba nesiganeko esinye kuphela se-schizophrenia ebomini babo baze bayeke. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bacinga ukuba ezo ziganeko "zikwimeko yokuphumla" kunokuba zinyangeke okanye zisonjululwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zinokubuya ngequbuliso.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba une-schizophrenia, ukuzinyamekela nokulawula isigulo sakho yinto onokuyenza. Ingakumbi xa wakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo nobunokuthembana nogqirha wakho kunye nabantu obathandayo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu onokuzenza ukuze uzinyamekele:

• Sela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe (ungayeki ukuwasela ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho).
• Bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo (ezi ntlanganiso ziya kukunceda uphuhlise amayeza okanye isicwangciso sonyango esikufaneleyo).
• Musa ukuyityeshela okanye ukuyiphepha imiqondiso yakho.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa utywala neziyobisi ngexesha lokuzonwabisa (ezi zingenza iimpawu zakho zibe zimbi kakhulu okanye zibangele ezinye iingxaki).
• Musa ukoyika ukucela uncedo. Yakha ubudlelwane nabantu obathembayo – ingakumbi abo ubathandayo kunye nogqirha wakho. Musa ukuzehlukanisa nabo.

Ukongeza kwiintsuku oxelelwa ukuba ubone ugqirha wakho, bona ugqirha wakho ukuba ubona utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho okanye utshintsho ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamayeza akho.

Ukuba uneengcinga zokuzilimaza, ukuzibulala, okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye, yiya esibhedlele okanye utsalele umnxeba inombolo yongxamiseko ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuba umntu endimthandayo ubonakalisa iimpawu zeSchizophrenia okanye imeko efanayo?

Ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-schizophrenia bengakwazi ukubona iimpawu okanye imeko yabo, bahlala bengacingi ukuba bayaludinga uncedo lwezonyango okanye unyango. Oku kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo neyoyikisayo kumntu oneempawu kunye nabo bazikhathalelayo.

Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntu omthandayo ubonisa iimpawu ze-schizophrenia okanye imeko efanayo, ungazama ukumnceda ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Buza ukuba unganceda njani. Ngokumamela nokunikela uncedo lwakho, ungagcina imizila yonxibelelwano ivulekile. Kwakhona kuyabanceda bazive benxibelelene nabanye abantu.
• Bakhuthaze ukuba babone umntu onokunceda. Unyango lwe-schizophrenia, ingakumbi amayeza, lunokuphucula iimpawu zomntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko kukodwa kwanele ukubenza baqonde ukuba banesifo esifuna unyango.
• Musa ukugweba okanye ukuphikisana. Abantu abane-schizophrenia banengxaki yokwahlula phakathi kwenyaniso nobuxoki. Kuphephe ukubagweba okanye ukuzama ukubaqinisekisa ukuba bafumana imibono okanye ukukhohlisa. Oku kunokubangela ukuba balahlekelwe yintembelo kuwe kwaye kwandise iimvakalelo zabo zokukukrokrela.
• Hlala uzolile. Umsindo kunye nokukhungatheka kunokuchaphazela kakubi ubudlelwane bakho nomntu omthandayo one-schizophrenia. Banokucaphuka lula nakwiindawo ezinengxolo okanye ezixakekileyo. Zama ukukhetha iindawo ezizolileyo nezizolileyo. Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukubenza bazive bekhuselekile kwaye bekhululekile kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Fumana uncedo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Ukuba umntu onesifo sengqondo sokugula ngengqondo uthetha ngokuzilimaza yena okanye abanye abantu, okanye ukuba ubonisa ukurhanela okukhulu, ukucaphuka, okanye ukuziphatha ngogonyamelo, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni ngoko nangoko.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:

Nangona igama elithi 'Paranoid Schizophrenia' ligama elidala lemeko, iparanoia iseyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yeempawu abantu abazibonayo. I-Schizophrenia yimeko edidayo, edla ngokuyoyikisa apho abantu balahlekelwa yinkcazelo yokwenyani kwaye abakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwento yokwenyani nengeyiyo.

Xa abantu benamathandabuzo, banokukufumanisa kunzima ukuthemba abo bafuna ukubanceda. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukufumanisa nokunyanga esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngoncedo lwezonyango, ingakumbi amayeza, abantu abane-schizophrenia banokuphepha iingxaki ezinkulu baze baphile ubomi obanelisayo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo usenokuba unale mpawu, nceda ufune ingcebiso kugqirha. Yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza.

I- Schizophrenia, i-Paranoid Schizophrenia, Impilo Yengqondo, Ingqondo, Iingcamango Eziphosakeleyo, Ukungaboni Ngamehlo, Unyango, i-Anosognosia