Ngaba umntwana wakho ubonakala edidekile xa uthetha? Masithethe nge-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)!

Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci akaphulaphuli kakuhle xa uthetha? Okanye uziva ngathi uyabhideka yinto oyithethayo? Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho umahluko kwindlela abantwana abaziva ngayo izandi. Kwimeko ezinjalo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, okanye (ANSD) ngamafutshane, inokuba yimbangela. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni le (Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder - ANSD)?

Ngamafutshane, iindlebe zethu zezona zisivumela ukuba sive izandi ezisingqongileyo. Emva koko, ziguqula ezo zandi zibe yimiyalezo enokuqondwa yingqondo zize ziyithumele engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi miyalezo ziyadideka xa zifika engqondweni, okanye zingafiki apho kwaphela. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder, okanye (ANSD).

Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka kubantwana abanesifo esinjalo (ANSD):

• Kunokuba nzima ukwahlula isandi esinye kwesinye.
• Usenokungakwazi ukuqonda ngokucacileyo into ethethwa ngumntu.
• Ingathi uyasiva isandi uze usilahle ngequbuliso .
• Kusenokubonakala ngathi into oyivayo ngenye imini ayisiyo into oyivayo ngosuku olulandelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba into oyivayo iyatshintsha .

Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Kwanabantwana abanale meko (ANSD) banokuphucula izakhono zabo zolwimi baze banxibelelane nabanye ngempumelelo ngoncedo lwezixhobo zonyango ezifanelekileyo, unyango, kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana ngokubona (oko kukuthi, iindlela zokunxibelelana kusetyenziswa iimpawu ezibonakalayo).

Kutheni oku (ANSD) kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela le meko (ANSD) kukonakala kwindawo ethile kwimithambo-luvo yokuva , inxalenye yendlebe yethu yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea (eqokelela isandi kwaye idale imiyalezo) kunye nengqondo.

Abantwana abanjalo banamathuba amancinci okukhula (ANSD):

• Kwabantwana abazelwe ngaphambi komhla wokuzalwa (iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha lokuzala).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakhe owakha waba nale meko (ANSD) ngaphambili.
• Ukuba kuvela i-jaundice enzima xa uzalwa.
• Ukuba akukho oxygen eyaneleyo ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa ((ioksijini ephantsi)) .
• Kukho amayeza athile anokonakalisa iindawo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kwendlebe okanye umthambo wokuva. Ukuba umntwana ufumene amayeza anjalo .
• Ukuba uneemeko ezithile zemfuza okanye iimeko zemithambo-luvo , ezifana nesifo sikaCharcot Marie Tooth.
• Ukuba wenzakele kakhulu entloko .

Uyazi njani ukuba unayo (ANSD)? Zithini iimpawu?

Ezi mpawu ziqala nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweentsana luzalwa lunesi simo (ANSD). Iingxaki zokuvaIngahluka ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwenzulu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantwana banokuziva izandi ngokuqhelekileyo kodwa kunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo ngokucacileyo.

Aba bantwana banokuphumelela uvavanyo lokuhlolwa kokuva olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha baya kuqonda kancinci kancinci ukuba baneengxaki zokuva.

Zinyamekele ezi zinto kunyaka wokuqala womntwana wakho.

Jonga ukuba umntwana wakho usabela kakuhle na kwezi ziganeko zokuva kunyaka wokuqala wobomi bakhe. Kungenjalo, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha.

• Usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa : Ngaba luyathuthumela okanye "luhlanza" xa ngequbuliso luva ingxolo enkulu?
• Malunga neenyanga ezi-3 : Ngaba umntwana wakho uyaliqonda ilizwi likanina okanye likayise? Ngaba ujika intloko yakhe iye kwelo cala?
• Xa umntwana wakho eneminyaka emalunga neenyanga ezi-6 : Ngaba umntwana wakho ujika amehlo okanye intloko yakhe iye kuloo ndlela xa esiva isandi esitsha? Ngaba uphinda izandi ezinje ngo "uh" no "ah"?
• Malunga neenyanga ezili-12 (unyaka omnye) : Ngaba umntwana wakho wenza izandi ezincinci nezingenantsingiselo (izandi ezibhibhidlayo)? Ngaba umntwana wakho uyasabela xa ubiza igama lakhe? Ngaba umntwana wakho uzama ukulinganisa amagama? Ngaba umntwana wakho uthetha amagama ambalwa, afana nokuthi "mama" kunye nokuthi "bye-bye"?

Xa umntwana wakho ekhula kancinci, khangela ukuba ngaba unazo naziphi na ezi mpawu.

Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, unokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi ukuba unengxaki yokuva:

• Intetho incinci, ayicacanga, okanye ayithethwa kwaphela .
• Ngaba uvakalelwa kukuba awuphulaphulwa okanye awulandeli imiyalelo ?
• Awuphenduli xa uthetha nabantu ngendlela eqhelekileyo, okanye unika iimpendulo ezingabalulekanga ?
• Ngaba uphazamiseka lula xa kukho ingxolo eninzi ejikeleze wena?
• Ngaba ufuna ukunyusa ivolumu yeTV kakhulu ?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokufunda ?

Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho ngento efana nale, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.

Uyazi njani ukuba unesimo (ANSD)?

Ingcali ye-audiologist kuphela komntu onokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-ANSD. Nguye owenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo kwaye ancede abantu abaneengxaki zokuva. Kukho iimvavanyo eziphambili ezininzi ezinokunceda ekuxilongeni i-ANSD:

Zithini ezi mvavanyo?

• Uvavanyo lokukhupha i-otoacoustic emission (OAE) : Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba inxalenye yendlebe yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuba yi-cochlea isebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Oku kwenziwa ngelixa umntwana elele okanye ehleli engashukumi. Ii-earphone ezincinci zifakwa endlebeni kwaye isandi esithambileyo, esifana nesandi sokucofa, siyakhutshwa. Emva koko, impendulo evela endlebeni yangaphakathi ilinganiswa ngezitikha ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-electrodes.
• Uvavanyo lwempendulo ye-Auditory brainstem (ABR): Oku kuvavanya ukuba isandi esivela ngaphakathi kwendlebe sihamba kakuhle kwaye ngokucacileyo kangakanani na nge-auditory nerve ukuya kwi-brainstem, ekwisiseko sobuchopho. Ukuba ulwazi aluyi engqondweni ngokucacileyo, olu vavanyo luya kuyibonisa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba uvavanyo (OAE) luqhelekile, kwaye uvavanyo (ABR) alunampendulo ingako okanye alunampendulo ingako, kucingelwa ukuba kukho ithuba elikhulu le-(ANSD).
• Uvavanyo lwe-Middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) : Kukho umsipha omncinci ngaphakathi endlebeni yethu oqina ngokuzenzekelayo xa sisiva isandi esikhulu. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-(MEMR). Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa incam yerabha encinci endlebeni kwaye kuthunyelwa isandi esikhulu. Umatshini usetyenziselwa ukubona indlela lo msipha osabela ngayo kwisandi. Kwimeko yomntwana one-(ANSD), le mpendulo ayiveli kwizandi ezinkulu, okanye kufuneka isandi esikhulu kakhulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo ukuze ufumane impendulo.

Iinkqubo zokuhlola ukuva ezisandula ukuzalwa zingasebenzisa iindlela ezilula zezi vavanyo (OAE) kunye (ABR). Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo (ANSD), ezi vavanyo kufuneka zenziwe ngokupheleleyo.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokufuneka?

Emva kokuba umntwana efunyaniswe ene-ANSD, unokufuna ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:

• Uvavanyo lwe-(MRI) : Ukujonga ukuba kukho ingxaki ngaphakathi endlebeni na nokuba kukho imithambo-luvo yokuva kuzo zombini iindlebe.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza : Ukubona ukuba le meko (ANSD) iyinxalenye yesifo semfuza.
• Uvavanyo lwe-neurologic : Jonga ezinye iingxaki ze-neurological.
• Uvavanyo lokubona : Iingxaki zokuva kunye neengxaki zokubona zihlala zihamba kunye. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ukuba umntwana one-ANSD ufunyenwe enesifo.

Iphathwa njani le meko (ANSD)?

Abantwana abane-ANSD banyangwa liqela leengcali . Oku kuthetha ukuba ingcali yokuva (ingcali ye-audiologist), ingcali yendlebe, impumlo nomqala (ugqirha we-ENT), ingcali yolwimi lokuthetha (ingcali yolwimi lokuthetha), kunye nengcali yezemfundo basebenzisane ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esingcono.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bomntwana, ukuba leliphi icandelo lemithambo-luvo yokuva elingasebenzi kakuhle, kunye nokuba ingxaki yokuva inzima kangakanani.

Amaxesha amaninzi, aba bantwana bazuza kakhulu ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokuncedisa ukumamela. Kunye nezi zixhobo, ukuqhubeka nonyango lolwimi lokuthetha ukuphucula izakhono zomntwana zokuthetha nokumamela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iziphumo .

Ziziphi ezi zixhobo ziluncedo?

• Iinkqubo ze-frequency modulation (FM): Le nkqubo (FM) inciphisa ingxolo engafunekiyo ejikeleze wena kwaye yenza ilizwi lesithethi (umzekelo, likatitshala) livakale ngokucacileyo nangokuvakalayo. Isithethi sinxiba imakrofoni encinci kunye ne (transmitter). Le (transmitter) ithumela isignali ye-elektroniki kwi (receiver) umntwana ayinxiba endlebeni yakhe okanye encamathiselwe ngqo kwi (hearing aid). Oku kuluncedo kakhulu kumagumbi okufundela nakwezinye iindawo ezinengxolo kuba inokuthwalwa kuyo.
• Isixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva : Esi sisetyenziselwa ukukhulisa isandi esifikelela endlebeni. Abanye abantwana abane-ANSD banokungenelwa zizixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva, ingakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kunye nenkqubo ye-FM ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva zodwa azincedi kangako kubantwana abane-ANSD , njengoko zikhulisa kuphela isandi esele sivaliwe.
• Ukufakelwa kweCochlear : Kwabanye abantwana abane-ANSD, ingakumbi abo bangafumani ncedo lwaneleyo kwii-hearing aids, ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Esi sisixhobo esifakelwa endlebeni ngotyando . Sidlula kwiindawo zendlebe ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye sivuselela ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva. Ngoqeqesho oluhle kunye nonyango oluqhubekayo, abantwana abane-cochlear implant banokufunda ukuva kakuhle nokuthetha ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni enye ofuna ukuyazi?

Ukongeza ekusebenziseni izixhobo zokuva, abantwana abane-ANSD banokufunda nezakhono zokunxibelelana ngokubona, eziziindlela zokunxibelelana besebenzisa oko bakubonayo ngamehlo abo.

Ziziphi ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano olubonakalayo?

• Ulwimi Lwezandla : Olu lulwimi olwahlukileyo. Lunegrama yalo, isigama, kunye neepateni zezivakalisi. Lwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa endaweni yolwimi oluthethwayo.
• Intetho Enongiweyo : Oku kuquka isithethi esenza izimbo zomzimba ezijikeleze umlomo. Ezi zimbo zomzimba zinceda umphulaphuli ukuba ahlule phakathi koonobumba abafanayo (umzekelo, 'ব' kunye 'প', okanye 'ম' kunye 'ব'). Intetho Enongiweyo ingasetyenziswa kulo naluphi na ulwimi, kwaye iluncedo kakhulu kwiintsapho ezithetha iilwimi ezimbini.
• Ukusayina isiNgesi esichanekileyo (JONGA) : Le yinkqubo yolwimi lwezandla esebenzisa isiNgesi esifanayo esithethwa ngendlela efanayo, igama negama. Ikwanazo nezinto zolwimi lwezandla, kodwa ulwakhiwo lwesivakalisi kunye negrama zibolekwe kwisiNgesi.

Intetho eCued kunye neSEE zombini ziguqulela oko kuthethwayo ngokuthe ngqo. Zombini zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nolwimi oluthethwayo ukukunceda uqonde ngokucacileyo izinto ezingenakukwazi ukuzifunda imilebe kuphela.

Abazali banendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni abantwana babo abane-ANSD ukunxibelelana nokuthetha nabanye. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinokufumaneka ngokusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neqela lezonyango.

Ungafumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nenkxaso kwiwebhusayithi ezifana nezi:

• I-CDC: Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva Nomntwana Wakho (Iwebhusayithi yeZiko lase-US loLawulo lweZifo)
• Izandla kunye namazwi (inethiwekhi yabazali kunye neengcali)

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, masikukhumbuze ngezinye zezinto esithethe ngazo ekufuneka uzikhumbule.

• I-Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD) yimeko apho imiyalezo yesandi esuka endlebeni eya ebuchotsheni iphazamiseka okanye ingahambi kakuhle.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku kwangethuba . Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unezitshintsho okanye ukulibaziseka ekuveni kwakhe, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Le meko inokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kuphela ngovavanyo olukhethekileyo olufana ne-(OAE) kunye ne-(ABR).
• Ungakhathazeki, izixhobo ezifana neenkqubo ze-FM, (izixhobo zokuva), (ii-cochlear implants), unyango lokuthetha, kunye neendlela zonxibelelwano olubonakalayo zinokuphucula ubuchule bomntwana wakho bokuthetha .
• Njengabazali, umdla wenu, ukuzinikela kwenu, kunye nokusebenza kunye neqela lezonyango zezona zinto zinamandla amakhulu kumntwana wenu .

Khumbula, wonke umntwana wahlukile, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana unyango kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Iingxaki ze-Auditory Neurological, i-ANSD, Iingxaki zokuva, Impilo yoMntwana, Uvavanyo lokuva, ii-Cochlear Implants, Unyango lokuthetha