Ngaba ukhathazekile kukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-autism? Makhe sibone ukuba singenza ntoni!

Ngaba unazo naziphi na izinto ezikuxhalabisayo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nokukhula okanye ukuziphatha komntwana wakho? Ngaba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho usenokuba ne-autism spectrum disorder (ASD)? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ngaloo ndlela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha ngayo ukuba uneenkxalabo kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo. Kuba abantwana abanezi meko bafuna uncedo olukhethekileyo, kwaye ukuba ezi meko zichongiwe kwangethuba, unyango lunokuqala kwangethuba. Emva koko iziphumo ziba ngcono kakhulu.

Kutheni kufuneka uphande oku kwangaphambili?

Ngamafutshane, i-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yimeko enzima echaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukunxibelelana komntwana nabantu, izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, ayisosifo, kodwa yimeko .

Izixhobo ezintsha zokuhlola ngoku zisenza sikwazi ukuchonga ezi meko kwangethuba. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna inkxaso ekhethekileyo, kungcono uqalise kwangethuba. Ngale ndlela, umntwana wakho uya kufumana uncedo oluninzi lokufikelela ngokupheleleyo kumandla akhe.

Ngoko ke, yintoni omele uyenze?

Kulungile, ukuba unamathandabuzo anjalo ngomntwana wakho, kukho amanyathelo ambalwa onokuwathatha. Makhe sibone ukuba ayintoni na.

1. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho kuqala.

Eli linyathelo lokuqala nelibaluleke kakhulu. Xoxa ngazo zonke izinto ezikuxhalabisayo kunye namathandabuzo akho ngokucacileyo nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wosapho womntwana wakho.

• Ziziphi iindlela zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga ozibonayo?
• Ngaba umntwana akahlali nabanye abantwana?
• Ingaba sekudlule ixesha lokuba sithethe?
• Okanye wenza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo?

Cacisa izinto ezinje ngokucacileyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thatha ividiyo yomntwana wakho esenza into engaqhelekanga ekhaya, okanye nayiphi na indlela ocinga ukuba ayilunganga. Ngale ndlela, kuya kuba lula kugqirha/ugqirha ukuqonda imeko.

Cinga ngayo, ngamanye amaxesha sivakalelwa kukuba ugqirha akasimamelanga ngokwenene, okanye akasithathanga nzulu ngokwaneleyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo , ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo kwakhona. Ukuba awukaneliseki, unelungelo lokubona omnye ugqirha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumntwana.

2. Bona ingcali

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kumamela into oyithethayo, ahlole umntwana wakho, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo, uza kukuthumela kwenye ingcali.

Kukho iingcali ezininzi ezinokuthunyelwa ngamaxesha anje:

• Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana: Ingcali kwimpilo yengqondo kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha zabantwana.
• Ugqirha wabantwana ophuhlisayo: Ingcali ekunyangeni ukulibaziseka neengxaki ekuphuhliseni ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo, nangokwendlela yokuziphatha kwabantwana.

Kusenokufuneka ulinde ixesha elithile ukuze ubone ezi ngcali (usenokuba kuluhlu lwabalindileyo), ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukubhalisa ngokukhawuleza.

3. Fumana uvavanyo lwe-autism

Ingcali iza kuqhuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomntwana. Oku kuza kujonga ngokusondeleyo ukuba umntwana ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-autism na.

Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukufumana ulwazi kubazali malunga nophuhliso lomntwana, ukuziphatha kwakhe, kunye nembali yosapho lwakhe.
• Ukuqwalasela indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo, iindlela zakhe zokunxibelelana, kunye nezakhono zakhe zentlalo.
• Mhlawumbi kusetyenziswa iimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni kunye nemibuzo.

Iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziya kugqiba ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo zonyango ezifunekayo kumntwana wakho, ezifana nonyango lokuthetha okanye unyango lomsebenzi. Ngoko ke, buza ingcali yakho kwangaphambili malunga nokuba zeziphi iimvavanyo eziza kwenziwa kunye nokuba ziya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani.

4. Ezinye iimvavanyo zingaba simahla!

Oku kunokwahluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe amaninzi, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci (umz. abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala), kukho iinkonzo zovavanyo zasimahla zokujonga ukulibaziseka kokukhula. Ezi zinokusetyenziswa njengeenkqubo "zokungenelela kwangethuba".

• Ukuba umntwana wakho umncinci kakhulu, jonga kwi-Ofisi yeGosa lezeMpilo (i-MOH) yasekuhlaleni, kwizibhedlele zabantwana, okanye kumaziko ophuhliso lwabantwana.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3 ubudala, unokukwazi ukufumana uvavanyo lophuhliso lwasimahla kwiSebe leMfundo lendawo ohlala kuyo (umz., iiyunithi zemfundo ekhethekileyo). Kuyafaneleka ukuba ubuze namasebe afanelekileyo malunga noku.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?

Abantwana abaninzi abaneengxaki zokukhula okanye abane-autism baxhamla kakhulu kunyango olufana nolu:

• Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda kwiingxaki zokuthetha, ubunzima bokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi.
• Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lunceda kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ukunxiba, ukutya, ukusebenza ngezinto zokudlala) kunye neengxaki zokuva.
• Unyango Lomzimba: Lunceda ngezinto ezifana nokuhamba komzimba, ukulinganisela, kunye nokuqinisa izihlunu.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha: Lunceda ekunciphiseni ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle. Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (ABA) yindlela eyaziwayo phantsi kolu didi.

Cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuthumelele ingcebiso kwezi nkonzo zonyango. Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo yeinshorensi ingagubungela ezi nkonzo. Ke ngoko, jongana nenkampani yakho yeinshorensi ukuze ubone ukuba ezi nkonzo zigutyungelwa njani.

Masiqwalasele nomshuwalense kancinci.

Nokuba umntwana wakho akafumani ngxaki yokuba ne-autism, i-inshorensi yakho ingagubungela iingcebiso zabazali okanye iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwabazali. Jonga inkampani yakho ye-inshorensi ukuqinisekisa. Ezinye izicwangciso ze-inshorensi zingagubungela iyure enye yonyango lokuziphatha ngeveki.

Izinto onokuzenza nomntwana wakho ekhaya

Kunye neenkonzo zonyango kunye nonyango, ungenza imisebenzi emininzi eyonwabisayo ekhaya enceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zolwimi kunye nezakhono zentlalo zomntwana wakho.

Sidlale kunye?

• Hlala phantsi udlale nomntwana wakho. Beka bucala ubuncinane imizuzu engama-20 ngosuku koku. Khetha umdlalo owuthandayo umntwana wakho, uze umvumele ukuba awukhokele. Joyina naye kumdlalo wakhe. Oku kuya kuqinisa ubudlelwane bakho nomntwana wakho.

Masifundise ngamanyathelo amancinci.

• Xa ufundisa umntwana wakho isakhono esitsha, musa ukumfundisa sonke ngaxeshanye, kodwa hlulahlula kancinci kancinci. Bonisa inyathelo elinye uze umncede umntwana wakho ukuba alenze. Nje ukuba umntwana wakho enze inyathelo ngokuchanekileyo, mncome kakhulu (umz., "Hayi bo! Unyana/intombi yakho ikrelekrele kakhulu!") uze uqhubekele kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ububafundisa ukunxiba izihlangu, ungabafundisa kuqala indlela yokunxiba izihlangu, uze ubafundise indlela yokubamba imitya, uze ubabophe. Le ndlela iyasebenza kakhulu.

Inkxaso evela kurhulumente nakwamanye amaziko

Kumazwe amaninzi, kukho imibutho karhulumente nengeyiyo ekarhulumente enceda iintsapho ezinabantwana abane-autism. Ungajonga neendawo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanayo eSri Lanka.

• Iiarhente zikarhulumente ezifana neSebe leeNkonzo zoLuntu .
• Imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente (ii-NGO) ezisebenzela abantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa.
• Amaqela eNkxaso yabazali.

Usenokufumana ulwazi, ulwalathiso, mhlawumbi noncedo lwezemali kwiindawo ezinje.

Yintoni enye ofuna ukuyazi?

Kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne-autism kwi-intanethi, oko kukuthi, kwi-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ayilulo lonke ulwazi oluthembekileyo. Olunye lolwazi lusenokuba aluchanekanga okanye alunamsebenzi kumntwana wakho.

Ngoko ke, soloko uzama ukufumana ulwazi kwimithombo ethembekileyo nethembekileyo kuphela.

Umzekelo:

• Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana neWorld Health Organisation (WHO).
• Imibutho yezonyango eyaziwayo kwilizwe lakho (umz., uMbutho weeNgcali zeZifo zaseSri Lanka).
• Imibutho ye-autism eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela (umz. iKomiti yoQhagamshelo lwe-Autism ye-Interagency `(IACC)`, i-Association for Autism and Neurodiversity `(AANE)`, i-Autism Society, i-Autism Speaks).

Ulwazi olukwiiwebhusayithi zala maziko ludla ngokuba luchanekile kwaye luhlaziyiwe.

Khumbula njengesishwankathelo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho, musa ukuwagcina entliziyweni yakho uze ube lusizi.

• Thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Bona ingcali ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Yenza uvavanyo olufanelekileyo.
• Nika umntwana iinkonzo zonyango ezifunekayo.
• Sebenza nomntwana wakho ekhaya ngothando nangomonde.
• Awuwedwa. Kukho abanye abazali, oogqirha, kunye neengcali zonyango abaye baba namava afanayo nawe ukukunceda kulo lonke olu hambo.

Khumbula, ukuthatha inyathelo kwangethuba sesona sipho sixabisekileyo onokusinika umntwana wakho. Ngokwenza njalo, ungabanika amandla kunye nezakhono abazidingayo ukuze baphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo.

I-Autism, uphuhliso lomntwana, ingcali, unyango lokuthetha, ukungenelela kwangethuba, inkxaso yabazali, iimpawu ze-autism