Ngaba ukhathazekile ukuba usenokuba ne-COVID-19? Masifunde ngoVavanyo lweNtsholongwane lwe-COVID-19!

Kule mihla, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungathethi nge-COVID-19. Ngamanye amaxesha unokucinga, 'Andazi ukuba ndinayo na le nto,' okanye mhlawumbi udidekile emva kokuva ngazo zonke ezi ntlobo zovavanyo. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokulula. Nokuba uneempawu ezinje, okanye ukuba ubukhe wadibana nomntu onesifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19. Ezi ziphumo zovavanyo zingakunika isiqabu sokuba awunaso esi sifo, okanye ukuba unaso, unokwazi ukuba kufuneka uhlale kude nabanye abantu de siphele.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zentsholongwane ezikhoyo zokufumanisa i-COVID-19?

Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lwentsholongwane lukhangela amasuntswana entsholongwane empumlweni okanye emlonyeni womntu. Oko kukuthi, lunokubona ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane na ngomhla wovavanyo. Yiyo loo nto zikwabizwa ngokuba 'ziimvavanyo zokuxilonga'. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lwentsholongwane. Masithethe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha.

Uhlobo lokuqala: Uvavanyo lweeMolekyuli – njenge-PCR

Olu luhlobo abantu abaninzi abalwaziyo nabathetha ngalo rhoqo, uvavanyo lwe-PCR. Lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Nucleic Acid Amplification Test" okanye "(NAAT)".

Yintoni kanye kanye le nto ijonge kuyo?

Olu vavanyo lukhangela izinto zemfuza zentsholongwane, oko kukuthi, inxalenye ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(RNA)` equlethe ulwazi lwemfuza lwentsholongwane. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukuba intsholongwane ifana nesilwanyana esincinci, le `(RNA)` ifana nekhadi lesazisi lesilwanyana. Kungokuchonga la malungu e-`(RNA)` apho kunokwenzeka khona ukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba intsholongwane ikhona na emzimbeni okanye ayikho.

Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo?

Amaxesha amaninzi, i-swab ithathwa empumlweni. Ngamanye amaxesha i-swab ithathwa ngaphakathi empumlweni (i-nasopharyngeal swab), okanye ngaphambili empumlweni (i-nasal swab). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ingenziwa nasemlonyeni, emqaleni (i-throat swab), okanye ematheni. Le sampuli ithunyelwa ukuze ivavanywe.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iziphumo zifike?

Ngokwesiqhelo, le sampuli ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri. Ngokuxhomekeke kumthwalo womsebenzi welabhoratri kunye nenani leemvavanyo ezikhoyo, kungathatha usuku okanye ezintathu, ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide, ukuba iziphumo zibuye. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimvavanyo zemolekyuli, ingakumbi ezo zifana ne-"Point-of-Care NAAT", ezinokubonelela ngeziphumo ngokukhawuleza njengeyure okanye ezimbini, ngamanye amaxesha nangaphantsi. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, kuthatha ixesha elide kancinci.

Zithini izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngale ndlela yokuvavanya?

Ngoku makhe sijonge izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ngale nto.

• Iingenelo: Olu vavanyo lweemolekyuli lunobuthathaka kakhulu . Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba umntu unentsholongwane encinci kakhulu empumlweni okanye emqaleni, olu vavanyo lunokuyifumanisa. Cinga ngako, umntu unokuba nentsholongwane encinci emzimbeni wakhe ekuqaleni kwesifo, okanye xa sele esondele ekubeni ngcono. Kwanangamaxesha anjalo, olu vavanyo lweemolekyuli lunokuyifumanisa intsholongwane. Ke ngoko, kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukufumanisa intsholongwane kulo lonke ixesha lesifo.Oku koko abanye bakugqala njengomgangatho wegolide wokuqinisekisa i-COVID-19.

• Iingxaki: Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lovakalelo luphezulu ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba yingxaki. Uyazi njani? Nokuba umntu sele ephilile kwisifo kwaye engasasuleli abanye, iziqwenga zentsholongwane ezingasebenziyo zingahlala empumlweni okanye emqaleni kangangeeveki. Oku kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ifile, kodwa iziqwenga zayo zisesemzimbeni. Ezo ziqwenga zentsholongwane ezingasebenziyo, ezingasuleliyo nazo zinokufunyanwa lolu vavanyo. Emva koko, zinokubonakala zilungile nasemva kokuba isifo siphilile. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abanye abantu bakhathazeke ngokungeyomfuneko baze bazihlukanise ixesha elide. Kwakhona, kumntu ofuna ukwazi iziphumo ngaloo mini yovavanyo, into yokuba kuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuba iziphumo zibuye nayo yingxaki, ingakumbi ukuba kufuneka baye kuhambo olungxamisekileyo okanye baye emsebenzini ngokukhawuleza.

Uhlobo lwesibini: Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen – Uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo olunika iziphumo ezikhawulezayo!

Oku yinto esidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba 'luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo'. Ibizwa njalo kuba inika iziphumo ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zihlala zifumaneka njengezixhobo ezinokwenziwa ekhaya.

Ufuna ntoni kule nto?

Olu vavanyo lujonga iziqwenga zeproteni kumphezulu wentsholongwane (iiproteni zomphezulu wentsholongwane). Khawuthelekelele ukuba ukuba intsholongwane ifana nethumba, oku kufana nokujonga amabala akhethekileyo eluswini lwethumba. Ukuba ezi ziqwenga zeproteni zikhona, oko kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ikhona emzimbeni.

Uyenza njani le nto?

Kwiimvavanyo ze-antigen, i-swab idla ngokuthathwa empumlweni okanye emqaleni. Kwiimvavanyo ze-antigen ezikhawulezayo ekhaya, isampuli idla ngokuthathwa ngaphambili kwempumlo. Akunzima njengokuyifaka ngaphakathi kwempumlo kwimvavanyo ye-molecular.

Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iziphumo zifike?

Into ekhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba ungazifumana iziphumo apho kwindawo yovavanyo, kwimizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 nje kuphela. Yiyo loo nto ezi ziphumo ziluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.

Ngaba kukho amacala amahle nangalunganga koku?

Ewe, masijonge nakwelo.

• Iingenelo: Eyona nzuzo inkulu yovavanyo lwe-antigen kukuba lubonelela ngeziphumo ngokukhawuleza . Khawuthelekelele ukuba kufuneka uye esikolweni, eofisini, okanye uye kwisiganeko ngomso. Emva koko ungathatha olu vavanyo namhlanje uze ufumanise ngokukhawuleza ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane okanye akunjalo. Ngoko ke, kulula ukugqiba ukuba ungaya na kweso siganeko ngokukhuselekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uvavanyo lwe-antigen lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba umntu unosulelo na. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu abanosulelo badla ngokuba neentsholongwane ezininzi ezimpumlweni nasemqaleni. Ngoko ke, nangona zingenabungozi njengovavanyo lweemolekyuli, uvavanyo lwe-antigen lunokufumanisa eli nani leentsholongwane.

• Icala elibi (iingxaki):Olu vavanyo lwe-antigen alunabungozi kangako kunezo vavanyo zemolekyuli ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba wosulelwe yile ntsholongwane, kufuneka ube nenqanaba elithile lentsholongwane emzimbeni wakho. Xa unentsholongwane encinci kakhulu , olu vavanyo lusenokungayiboni. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba uvavanyo lwakho alunazo iimpawu, ukuba uneempawu, akunakuqinisekiswa nge-100% ukuba awunayo i-COVID-19, ingakumbi kwiintsuku zokuqala zesifo.

Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-antigen aluyifumani intsholongwane (olungeyonyani), ukuba uneempawu okanye urhanela, kungcono ukuphinda uvavanywe ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Okanye ungacinga ngokuya kuvavanyo lweemolekyuli njenge-PCR. Kuba, ukuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane ngokwenene, ubungakanani bentsholongwane kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala busenokungabonwa luvavanyo lwe-antigen kuba ubungakanani bentsholongwane buphantsi. Kodwa emva kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini, inqanaba lentsholongwane empumlweni nasemqaleni liyanda. Kufana nomlilo omncinci okhula. Emva koko uvavanyo lwe-antigen lunokuyifumana. Uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo lunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufikelela kwizigqibo ezingalunganga.

Ngoko ke, umyalezo wokugqibela oza kugoduka nawo:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe ngokweenkcukacha malunga neentlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lwe-COVID-19. Olunye luvavanyo lweemolekyuli ezifana ne-PCR , kwaye olunye luvavanyo lwe-antigen olunika iziphumo ezikhawulezayo .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ‘Ngoko ke ndifanele ndenze yiphi?’ Enyanisweni, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho, uhlobo lweempawu zakho, ukuba ufuna iziphumo ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nomngcipheko kwabo ukufutshane nabo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uneempawu ze-COVID-19 (ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, ukuphefumla kancinci, iintlungu zomzimba, ukungabi nancasa okanye ivumba), okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu osulelekileyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyiqonda imeko yakho aze akuchazele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga novavanyo, indlela yokulufumana, kunye nento omawuyenze emva kokuba iziphumo zibuyile. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olunye aze alandele olunye ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo. Umzekelo, ukuba uneempawu kodwa uvavanyo lwakho lwe-antigen alubonisi ukuba une-negative, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-PCR.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba silumke kule meko yobhubhane. Kubalulekile ukucinga kungekuphela nje ngawe, kodwa nangosapho lwakho, abahlobo bakho, kunye nabantu osebenza nabo kwaye wenze ngendlela efanelekileyo. Zive ukhululekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kuya kuba luncedo kuwe okanye kumntu osapho lwakho ukuba ahlolwe i-COVID-19. Emva koko uya kufumana ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo. Khumbula, ukwazi ulwazi olufanelekileyo yeyona nto inamandla kakhulu ngamaxesha anje.

I- COVID-19, uvavanyo lwentsholongwane, i-PCR, i-antigen, i-corona, iimpawu, ukuhlukaniswa, uvavanyo lwe-molecular, uvavanyo olukhawulezayo