Ngaba ukhe weva ngentsholongwane ye-CMV? (Cytomegalovirus - CMV) Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi zinto!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngentsholongwane eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yinto enzulu. Le yi-cytomegalovirus, okanye `CMV` ngamafutshane. Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama. Kodwa sonke sisenokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane ngaxa lithile ebomini bethu.

Yintoni i-CMV` (i-Cytomegalovirus)`? Ngaba iyingozi ngokwenene?

Ngamafutshane, le ntsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'CMV' inxulumene kakhulu nentsholongwane ebangela i-chickenpox, kunye nentsholongwane ebangela i-'mononucleosis' (i-mono). Olu sulelo lwe-'CMV' luxhaphake kakhulu. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwethu luya kulufumana ngaxa lithile ebomini bethu.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba uninzi lwabantu abosulelwe yi-CMV ababonisi zimpawu. Okanye, ukuba babonisa iimpawu, baneempawu ezimbalwa ezingephi. Nokuba umntwana ophilileyo ufumana usulelo lwe-CMV, ayibi yingozi kangako. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakala, zihlala zincinci kakhulu kwaye ziphucuka emva kwexesha elithile.

Kodwa kukho umngcipheko omncinci apha. Ngokukodwa, ukuba umama wosulelwe yile ntsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa, inokubangela iingxaki kumntwana osesiswini. Kwakhona, i-CMV inokuba yingxaki kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Zithini iimpawu ukuba umntwana osesiswini une-CMV?

Ngoku, ukuba umama ufumana intsholongwane ye-CMV esibelekweni, oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho usulelo lwe-CMV oluzalwa nalo, iimpawu zinokuvela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwexesha, abantwana abasulelekileyo ngale ndlela ababonisi zimpawu emva kokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ingazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Umntwana angazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi kwaye enobukhulu obuncinci.
• I-jaundice inokubakho.
• Isibindi kunye ne-spleen zinokwanda.
• Intloko isenokuba ncinci kuneqhelekileyo (i-microcephaly).
• Iingxaki zokutya zinokubakho xa uncancisa okanye usitya.

Ezi zingane zisengozini yokuba neengxaki zokuva, iingxaki zokubona, iingxaki zemithambo-luvo, kunye neengxaki zokukhula kwixesha elizayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kwaneentsana ezingenazo iimpawu ezicacileyo zinokuba nokulahlekelwa kukuva okuzalwe nazo. Enyanisweni, i-CMV yeyona nto iphambili ekulahlekelweni kokuva okungekuko okwemfuza ekuzalweni.

Kuthekani ukuba abantwana bafumana i-CMV emva kobuntwana?

Ukuba abantwana abancinci bosulelwa yi-CMV emva kwexesha lokuzalwa, ayibangeli ukugula kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banokuba ne-pneumonia, i-hepatitis, okanye irhashalala lolusu.

Ukuba abantwana abadala kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo basulelekile, banokuba neempawu ezifana ne-"Mononucleosis" (okanye "mono"). Ezi ziquka ukudinwa, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane, kunye nokudumba kwesibindi kunye nepleen. Ezi mpawu zihlala zingekho mbi kakhulu kwaye ziyaphela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu ye-CMV?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le 'CMV' inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwabanye abantu. Ingakumbi:

• Kwabaguli abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba.
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu, njengabo bane-AIDS okanye i-HIV, okanye abo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza.

Ukuba aba bantu bosulelwa yi-CMV, inokuchaphazela imiphunga, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, indlela yokugaya ukutya, kunye namehlo. Kwezinye iimeko, inokubangela nokuba yimfama.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane ye-CMV?

Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-CMV ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu. Ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, ixesha ezihlala ngalo linokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nendlela olusulelo oluye lwenzeka ngayo, ubudala bomntu, kunye nempilo yakhe ngokubanzi.

Cinga ukuba ukuba usulelo olukhulu lwe-CMV lwenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, lunokubangela iingxaki zophuhliso lobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana omncinci ufumana usulelo lwe-CMV, lunokuphela kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu luze luphele ngaphandle kweengxaki zexesha elide.

Kukho enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo apha. Emva kokuba umntu enale ntsholongwane, intsholongwane ihlala emzimbeni, kodwa ikwimeko yokungalali ('dormant'), oko kuthetha ukuba ayisebenzi. Kodwa emva kweeveki okanye iminyaka, inokuthi "iphinde isebenze", oko kuthetha ukuba inokuphinda ivele. Ingakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu (umzekelo, abantu abane-"AIDS", okanye abo basebenzisa "i-chemotherapy"), ukuba intsholongwane iphinde isebenze, inokubangela ukugula kakhulu. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu ze-"CMV" azibuyi.

Ingaba i-CMV iyasulela? Isasazeka njani?

Ewe, i-CMV ngokuqinisekileyo iyosulela. Zininzi iindlela enokusasazeka ngazo. Umntu one-CMV unokudlulisela intsholongwane komnye umntu, nokuba uneempawu okanye akanazo. Kodwa oku kwenzeka rhoqo ngokusondelana . Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngamathe, ubisi lwebele, ulwelo lwesini, isidoda, umchamo, kunye nendle.

Ngoku cinga ukuba kwamanye amazwe, ipesenti encinci yeentsana isuleleka yile ntsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba izalwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba umama uqala ukusuleleka yi-CMV ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye ngenxa yokuba usulelo lwangaphambili luphinda lubuyele esiqhelweni. Umama osulelekileyo unokudlulisela intsholongwane kumntwana wakhe ngaphambi, ngexesha, okanye emva kokuzalwa.

Ayipheleli apho, le ntsholongwane:

• Ingasasazeka kwiindawo zokunyamekela abantwana okanye kwiindawo zabantwana abancinci. Le ntsholongwane ingasasazeka phakathi kwabantwana ngokusebenzisa izinto zokudlala ezingcolisiweyo okanye ukudibana ngqo.
• Ingafumaneka kwiimveliso zegazi kunye namalungu anikelweyo. Usulelo lunokwenzeka emva kokufakwa igazi okanye ukufakelwa isitho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zonyango zokuthintela abantu abafumana ukufakelwa isitho, kwaye iibhanki zegazi zineendlela zokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-CMV ngeemveliso zegazi.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba une-CMV?

Oogqirha baxilonga usulelo lwe-CMV ngokuhlola isampuli yomphimbo womntu, umchamo, igazi, okanye olunye uhlobo lwezicubu okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Banokwenza novavanyo lwegazi ukukhangela ii-antibodies eziveliswa yinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuphendula usulelo lwe-CMV. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa nezinye iimvavanyo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokosulelwa yi-CMV?

Ukuba umntwana ophilileyo ufumana usulelo lwe-CMV, akukho nyango luthile lucetyiswayo.

Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lunokuba yingozi kakhulu, lude lubeke ubomi esichengeni, kwaba bantu:

• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zosuleleka ngaphambi kokuzalwa.
• Izigulana ezifakelwe amalungu omzimba.
• Abantu abafumana unyango lomhlaza.
• Abantwana abaneengxaki ezinkulu zomzimba ezifana ne-AIDS.

Abantu abanale meko badla ngokunyangwa esibhedlele ngamayeza okulwa nentsholongwane afakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV). Xa usulelo luphelile, amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane angasetyenziswa ekhaya. Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza okulwa nentsholongwane anokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu, oogqirha bawasebenzisa ngononophelo olukhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci.

Iyeza lokulwa neentsholongwane i-ganciclovir elinikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) linokunceda ukulwa nosulelo lwe-CMV kwizigulana ezifakelwe umongo wethambo. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu unokunikwa i-CMV-immune globulin ngaphambi kokufakelwa ilungu.

Ngaba ukosuleleka yi-CMV kungathintelwa?

Okwangoku akukho gonyo lokuthintela usulelo lwe-CMV. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlamba izandla kakuhle kwaye rhoqo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nabo banethemba lokukhulelwa.
• Kwabo basebenza kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana (`abasebenzi bokugcina abantwana`).
• Nabani na osondelelene nabantwana abancinci.

Enye into kukuphepha ukwabelana ngezinto zokutya nabantwana abancinci kunye nokuphepha ukusondelana nomntu onesifo.

Ukuba umama une-CMV sulelo, akufuneki ayeke ukuncancisa umntwana wakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba iingenelo zokuncancisa zingaphezulu kweengozi zokudlulisela intsholongwane ye-CMV kumntwana. Nokuba usulelo luyenzeka, umntwana akanakukwazi ukuba neempawu.

Kulungile, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule malunga ne-CMV?

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba unembono entle malunga ne-'CMV' `(Cytomegalovirus)` kwizinto esizithethileyo. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule ngokufutshane:

• I-CMV yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo. Abantu abaninzi bayayifumana kodwa abanazo iimpawu ezinkulu.
• Nangona kunjalo, inokubangela iingxaki kwiintsana ezisesibelekweni soomama abakhulelweyo kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Ngokukodwa, i-CMV yeyona nto ibangela ukukhubazeka kokuva okuzalwe nako.
• Le ntsholongwane idluliselwa ngokusondelana nolwelo lomzimba, olufana namathe nomchamo.
• Ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela ekhoyo ngoku. Oomama abakhulelweyo kunye nabo banabantwana abancinci kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngale nto.
• Umama onomntwana one-CMV akufuneki ayeke ukuncancisa.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kagqirha. Ungoyiki, oogqirha baza kukunceda.

I - CMV, i-Cytomegalovirus, i-Cytomegalovirus, ukukhulelwa, usulelo lweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwendlebe, ukhuselo lomzimba