Ngaba umntwana wakho angangenwa yi-meningitis? Masifunde okungakumbi ngesi sifo siyingozi!

I-Meningitis sisifo esoyikekayo, akunjalo? Inokuba yimeko eyingozi, ingakumbi kubantwana bethu abancinci. Kodwa ukwazi kakuhle ukuba siyintoni esi sifo, isizathu sokuba sivele, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kunokunceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni abantwana bakho. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe nge-meningitis ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Yintoni iMeningitis?

Ngamafutshane, i-meningitis kukudumba kwee-membrane ezikhuselayo ezijikeleze ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo. Ezi membrane sizibiza ngokuba yi-meninges. Zicinge njengesiciko esincinci, esikhuselayo sengqondo kunye nomqolo. Ngoko ke, xa ezi membrane zibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges zidumba ngesizathu esithile, okanye ngokwezonyango , zivuvukala, sibiza ngokuba yi-meningitis.

Ezinye iintlobo ze-meningitis zimbi kakhulu kwaye zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neegonyo zokuyithintela . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqaphela iimpawu. Uninzi lwexesha, unokuphila ngempumelelo.

Zithini izizathu ze-meningitis?

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.

1. Iintsholongwane: Uninzi lwexesha, i-meningitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-viral meningitis .

2. Iintsholongwane: Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-bacterial meningitis .

Ukongeza kwezi zimbini, i-meningitis ayinakubangelwa zezinye iintlobo zosulelo, amayeza athile, okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango ezifana nomhlaza.

Cinga nje, ezi ntsholongwane – nokuba ziintsholongwane okanye ziintsholongwane – zihlala ziqala ukosulela kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Umzekelo, isenokuba semqaleni, empumlweni, okanye emiphungeni. Emva koko ezi ntsholongwane zihamba ngegazi ziye kwi-meninges, apho ingxaki iqala khona.

Esi sifo sisasazeka njani kwabanye?

Zombini i-viral meningitis kunye ne-bacterial meningitis zisasazeka kwabanye ngendlela efanayo nomkhuhlane okanye i-flu.

• Ngokuchukumisa umntu osulelekileyo.
• Ngokuqabula.
• Xa ekhohlela okanye ethimla, iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ziye komnye umntu.

Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo.

Makhe sithethe nzulu kancinci nge-Bacterial Meningitis.

I-bacterial meningitis yimeko engaqhelekanga kodwa idla ngokuba yingozi. Enyanisweni, inokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.Ngoko ke, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Ingabangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeebhaktheriya. Ukongeza ekuhambeni ukusuka egazini ukuya kwi-meninges, iibhaktheriya ngamanye amaxesha zinokusasazeka ziye kwezi membranes zivela kwiindawo ezikufutshane zomzimba. Ezi meko ziquka:

• Ukuba ukhakhayi lwaphuka.
• Ukuba wenze utyando lobuchopho.
• Ukuba une-cochlear implant.
• Ukuba unentsholongwane embi kakhulu, enganyangwanga kwimingxunya yendlebe okanye ye-sinus.

I-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane inokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yiphi na iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, isasazeka lula kubantu abahlala kufutshane, njengakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Yiyo loo nto ulutsha, abafundi baseyunivesithi, kunye nabo bahlala kwizikolo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokulala kuthiwa basengozini enkulu.

Masifunde nange-Viral Meningitis

I-viral meningitis, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-aseptic meningitis , ixhaphake kakhulu kune-bacterial meningitis kwaye ayibi mandundu kangako.

Iintsholongwane ezibangela oku ziintsholongwane ezifanayo ezibangela izifo eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane, urhudo, izilonda zomkhuhlane, kunye nomkhuhlane. Yiyo loo nto ixhaphakile.

Zithini iimpawu ze-meningitis?

Iimpawu ze-meningitis zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, kunye nesizathu sesifo (esibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktiriya). Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, zombini i-meningitis yentsholongwane kunye nebhaktiriya zineempawu ezifanayo.

Ezi mpawu zisenokuqala ngequbuliso, okanye zibonakale emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa umntwana enesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, isisu esibuhlungu, okanye ukuhlanza.

Ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Intamo Eqinileyo - Ubunzima bokujika intamo okanye ukuyigoba phambili.
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni , ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Ukucaphuka rhoqo, ukucaphuka ngezinto ezincinci (Ukucaphuka)
• Ukungabi namandla, ukudinwa, okanye ukulala rhoqo

Ngaba iimpawu zahlukile xa iintsana zifumana i-meningitis?

Ewe, iintsana ezincinci kakhulu zinokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo kancinci xa zinesifo se-meningitis. Azinakuthi "Ndinentloko ebuhlungu" okanye "intamo yam iqinile" njengabanye abantwana abadala. Ngoko ke kufuneka silumke kakhulu ngale nto.

• Umntwana usenokukhala rhoqo aze abonakale engathuthuzeleki .
• Basela ubisi oluncinci kwaye babonisa ukungafuni ukutya .
• Ndisoloko ndilele, okanye kunzima ukuvuka.
• Nokuba umama angamphakamisa aze amshukumise , kunzima ukumthuthuzela, kwaye ukukhala kwakhe kusenokuba phezulu kunesiqhelo.
• Kusenokuba nomkhuhlane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubushushu bomzimba bunokuba phantsi kunesiqhelo.
• Abanye abantwana banokuba nentamo eqinileyo , okanye indawo ethambileyo entlokweni yabo (i-fontanelle) isenokubonakala idumbile kwaye idumbile .

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kuba ukuba oku yi-bacterial meningitis, unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile!

Ifunyaniswa njani i-meningitis?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, i-bacterial meningitis yimeko embi kakhulu. Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-meningitis, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezichazwe apha ngasentla, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kuyalela ukuba kufakwe i-lumbar puncture , eyaziwa ngokuba yi -spinal tap . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo lomqolo uze uyihlolisise. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba kukho ukudumba kwi-meninges nokuba usulelo lubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya na. Ukongeza, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nezinye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ukuze afumanise umthombo wosulelo.

Inyangwa njani i-meningitis?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke ekubeni i-meningitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya na.

Unyango lwe-Bacterial Meningitis:

• Ukuba umntu une-bacterial meningitis, okanye kurhanelwa ukuba unayo, oogqirha baza kuqalisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (IV) ngemithambo ngokukhawuleza .
• Kwakhona, ii-steroids zinganikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo.
• I-saline (ii-IV fluids) zinganikwa ngemithambo ukuze zithathe indawo yolwelo olulahlekileyo emzimbeni ngenxa yezinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukubila, ukuhlanza, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya.

Unyango lwe-Viral Meningitis:

• Ukuba i-meningitis ibangelwa yintsholongwane (hayi iintsholongwane), amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awayi kunceda.
• Kunqabile kakhulu, oogqirha banokunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane.
• Uninzi lwabantwana abane-viral meningitis bayaphila kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10. Ukuba abakho kwimeko embi kakhulu, banokuphila ekhaya.
• Ukunciphisa iimpawuUkuphumla, ukusela ulwelo oluninzi, kunye nokusela amayeza entlungu athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango.
• Kodwa abanye abantu banokufuna unyango lwasesibhedlele.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-meningitis?

I-bacterial meningitis inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu . Oku kunokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha nonyango olukwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu yesibhedlele (ICU) .

• Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyehla kakhulu, kunokufuneka unikwe ulwelo oluninzi lwe-IV kunye namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, umntu anganikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo okanye umntu angaqhagamshelwa kumatshini wokungenisa umoya/wokuphefumla .

Iingxaki zexesha elide ze-neurological ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-bacterial meningitis ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva
• Iingxaki Zokubona
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukukhubazeka Kokufunda

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba nabani na oye waphila kwi-bacterial meningitis ahlolwe ukuva emva kokuba ephilile.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu sosulelo, intliziyo, izintso, kunye namadlala e-adrenal nazo zinokuchaphazeleka. Abanye abantwana baba neengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezihlala ixesha elide, kodwa uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo ukuba esi sifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba.

Ungayithintela njani i-meningitis?

Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunonyango.” Ngoko ke kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuthintela uphuhliso lwesi sifo siyingozi.

1. Ukugonywa

Ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela i-meningitis. Iigonyo ezinikwa abantwana bethu ngokweshedyuli yokugonywa eqhelekileyo zikhusela kwezinye zeentsholongwane ezibangela esi sifo.

• Ugonyo lweHib
• Ugonyo lweMasisi
• Ugonyo lwe-mumps
• Ugonyo lwepoliyo
• Ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal

Ukongeza koku, kukho imigonyo ekhethekileyo yokukhusela kwintsholongwane iMeningococcus .

• Isitofu sokugonya iMeningococcal Conjugate (MenACWY): Esi sisifo sidla ngokunikwa xa umntu eneminyaka eli-11-12 ubudala, silandelwe sisitofu sokugonya xa eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-11 ubudala abangazange bafumane esi sitofu ngaphambili nabo bafanele bafumane esi sitofu, ingakumbi ukuba baya eyunivesithi, kwisikolo sokuhlala, okanye kwinkampu.
• I-MenACWY kubantwana abasengozini enkulu: Olu gonyo lunikwa nabantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kweenyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwi-11 ubudala abahamba baye kumazwe apho i-meningitis ixhaphakileyo khona, abaneengxaki ezithile zomzimba, okanye abakwindawo apho isifo sixhaphake khona.
• I-MenB Vaccine: Le yi-vaccine entsha. Ikhusela kuhlobo lwebhaktheriya ye-meningococcus ebingagqunywanga yi-vaccine ngaphambili. Ifanele inikwe abantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala abasengozini enkulu. Abo basengozini encinci banokuyifumana le vaccine phakathi kweminyaka eli-16-23 (ingakumbi abaneminyaka eli-16-18, kuba kulapho umngcipheko wosulelo uphezulu khona). Isigqibo sokuyinika okanye ukungayiniki kufuneka senziwe ngabazali kunye nogqirha wabo kunye.

2. Ukuphepha iintsholongwane

• Abantwana nabantu abadala kufuneka bafundiswe ukuhlamba izandla zabo kakuhle narhoqo , ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, kwaye abo basebenza nabantwana abancinci (umz., kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana) ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka bakuqaphele oku.
• Hlala kude nomntu ogulayo.
• Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, okanye izitya ezisetyenzisiweyo nabanye.

3. Ii-Antibiotics zokuthintela

Kwezinye iimeko, oogqirha banokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo kubantu abaye badibana ngokusondeleyo nomntu one-bacterial meningitis.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba ne-meningitis, okanye ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuhlanza
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukudideka okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Ifiva

Ukuba usana lunomkhuhlane, luhlala lukhala, okanye aluncancisi, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ukhe wadibana nomntu one-meningitis, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza okuthintela.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-meningitis namhlanje, akunjalo? Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Meningitis kukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Uhlobo lwebhaktiriya lolona luyingozi kakhulu.
• Khangela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, intamo eqinileyo, ukuva ukukhanya, kunye nokuhlanza . Iimpawu zingahluka kwiintsana ezincinci.
• Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-meningitis. Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unolwazi lwamva nje ngazo zonke izitofu azidingayo.
• Ukuba ubona iimpawu , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi kwaye lunciphise iingxaki.
• Lumka ucoceko, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.

Musa ukoyika, ukwazi lolona khuselo lubalaseleyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa ezi mpawu, musa ukoyika, thatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko singabakhusela abantwana bethu kwezi zifo.

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