Masifunde ngakumbi ngePolio. Ngaba umntwana wakho ukhuselekile kuyo?

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngePolio. Ngaphambili, esi yayisisifo abantu abaninzi ababesoyika. Kuba sinokubangela ukukhubazeka komzimba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa. Kodwa ngoku akukho nto yokoyika, kuba esi sifo siye salawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yemijovo. Nangona kunjalo, siseyingxaki kwamanye amazwe ehlabathi. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni iPolio kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuyo.

Yintoni ipoliyo? Kutheni isenzeka?

Ngamafutshane, iPolio sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane . Le ntsholongwane ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Poliovirus'. Ngaphambili, oku kwakuxhaphakile kakhulu, ingakumbi kumazwe anjengeMelika. Abantu babesoyika kakhulu, kuba kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuba oogqirha beqalise ukunika imijovo yepoliyo ngeminyaka yoo-1950, inani labantu abafumana esi sifo lehla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngoku liphantsi kakhulu kumazwe afana neMelika. Nangona kunjalo, ipoliyo iseyingxaki kwezinye iindawo zaseAsia naseAfrika. Sinethamsanqa eSri Lanka, kuba ipoliyo phantse ayikho kwilizwe lethu. Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto yinkqubo yokugonya ephumeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho umngcipheko omncinci kwabo bangakhange bagonywe ngokufanelekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo?

Uyazi, uninzi lwexesha, nangona le 'Poliovirus' ingena emzimbeni, abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu zesifo . Abazi nokuba basulelwe yile ntsholongwane.

Kodwa abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezingephi, njengomkhuhlane okanye iflu. Ngoko ke abacingi nokuba yipoliyo. Ezi ziimpawu ezidla ngokubonakala:

• Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla (luvakala ngathi lubanda)
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ifiva
• Urhudo
• Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu
• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ngokuqhelekileyo, umzimba uziva ungenabomi kwaye uphazamisekile.

Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba le ntsholongwane ichaphazele ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ukuba iyenzeka, inokubangela iimpawu ezinzulu kakhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba zithini:

1. I-Meningitis

Okwenzekayo koku kukuba i-poliovirus yosulela ii-membrane ezikhuselayo (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-meninges) ezijikeleze ubuchopho bethu kunye nomqolo. Emva koko,

• Intloko yam ibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Intamo iba lukhuni kwaye kube nzima ukuyijika.
• Kunzima ukujonga ukukhanya, amehlo ayabuhlungu (ukuvakalelwa kukukhanya).

2. Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba

Le yeyona nxalenye iyingozi kakhulu yepoliyo. Intsholongwane inokutshabalalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezilawula izihlunu zethu. Xa oko kusenzeka,

• Kuqala izihlunu ziqala ukuqaqamba, emva koko zibe buthathaka.
• Ekugqibeleni, ezo zihlunu ziyayeka ukusebenza.
• Xa umntu engakwazi ukusebenzisa izihlunu zakhe, umzimba wakhe awusaphili kwaye akakwazi nokushukuma. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi- 'Paralysis' .
• Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini, ingakumbi ukuba kuchaphazela izihlunu ezinceda ekuphefumleni. Emva koko umntu akanakukwazi ukuphefumla eyedwa.

Ingaba ipoliyo sisifo esosulelayo? Sidluliselwa njani?

Ewe, ipoliyo sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu. Le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni ngomlomo. Emva koko ikhula emqaleni nasemathunjini. Emva koko idluliselwa kwabanye. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokudlulisela: ngamathe nangendle.

Khawucinge ngendlela umntu anokuyifumana ngayo le ntsholongwane:

• Ukuba udibana ngqo nendle yomntu ogulayo, okanye ukuba uchukumisa into engcoliswe yindle (umzekelo, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese ungazihlambanga izandla zakho kakuhle).
• Ukuba umntu ogulayo uyakhohlela okanye athimla kufutshane nawe, kulungile.
• Ukuba utya ukutya okanye isiselo esinentsholongwane. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba utya kwisitya esinye okanye usebenzisa icephe elinye nomntu ogulayo. Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba amanzi angcolileyo (umzekelo, amanzi axutywe nendle) ongezwe ekutyeni okanye kwisiselo.

Le ntsholongwane ingahlala emqaleni womntu osulelekileyo kangangeveki e-1-2. Ingahlala endleni kangangeeveki ezi-6 nangaphezulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nomntu ongenazo iimpawu angasasaza le ntsholongwane kwabanye.

Ngaba ikhona indlela yonyango lwepoliyo?

Okubuhlungu kukuba, akukho nyango lwepoliyo okwangoku. Konke okunokwenziwa kukulawula iimpawu.

• Abo baneempawu ezingephi, badla ngokunikwa ulwelo oluninzi ukuze basele baze baxelelwe ukuba balale ebhedini.
• Ukuba izihlunu zibuhlungu okanye zibuthathaka, kunikwa amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu. Unyango lomzimba lwenziwa ukuze izihlunu zihlale zisebenza.
• Ukuba izihlunu ezikuncedayo ukuphefumla ziyachaphazeleka, unokufuna uncedo lwe-"mechanical ventilator." Lo matshini uvuthela umoya ungene kwaye uphume emiphungeni de umntu akwazi ukuphefumla ngokwakhe.

Ingaba esi sifo siza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani? Ngaba kuya kubakho iingxaki nasemva kokuba uphilile?

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantu abaneempawu zepoliyo ezincinci bayaphila ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezi-1-2.

Nangona kunjalo, kwabo baneempawu ezinzima, banokuba buthathaka bemisipha ubomi babo bonke okanye bafe. Abanye abantu banokufa.

Kwanasemva kokuchacha, kusenokuvela enye ingxaki. Oko kukuthi, `i-Post-polio syndrome`. Le yinto enokuvela kwiminyaka engama-30-40 emva kokugula kokuqala. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baqala ukuva iintlungu kunye nobuthathaka kwimisipha okanye amalungu abo. Basenokuziva bediniwe kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ngaba ipoliyo ingathintelwa?

Ewe! Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba esi sisifo esinokuthintelwa.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela abantwana koku kukubanika ugonyo lwePolio ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ugonyo lunceda inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokulwa nezifo, ukuba yenze 'ii-antibodies' ezichasene nale ntsholongwane. Emva koko, ukuba le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ezo 'antibodies' ziya kulwa nayo kwaye zisikhusele.

Zeziphi iintlobo zemithi yokugonya ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemithi yokugonya ekuthethwa ngayo.

1. Isitofu sokugonya iPoliovirus esingasebenziyo (i-IPV)

• Kumazwe afana neMelika, kunye naseSri Lanka, sisebenzisa olu gonyo lwe-IPV.
• Oku kunikwa iintsana xa zineenyanga ezi-2, iinyanga ezi-4, iinyanga ezi-6-18, kunye neminyaka emi-4-6.
• Olu gonyo lunentsholongwane engasebenziyo, okanye ebuleweyo. Ngoko ke, akukho thuba lokufumana ipoliyo kolu gonyo.

2. Isitofu sokugonya iPolio yomlomo (i-OPV)

• Kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, abantwana banikwa olu gonyo lwe-'OPV'. Olu lugonyo olumanzi olunikwa ngomlomo.
• Le yintsholongwane ebuthathaka kodwa isakwazi ukuphila.
• Olu gonyo lunexabiso eliphantsi kune-IPV, kwaye kulula ukulunika uninzi lwabantu ngaxeshanye. Ekubeni lungengomjovo, aludingi msebenzi wezempilo oqeqeshiweyo ukuba alunike.
• Le ntsholongwane ibuthathaka inokubakho kumathe nakwindle yomntu ofumene i-OPV vaccine. Ngoko ke, inokudluliselwa kwabanye, njengentsholongwane yokwenyani. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, umntu ongakhange afumane i-vaccine unokufumana le ntsholongwane ibuthathaka, kwaye inkqubo yakhe yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokuvuselelwa kwaye ivelise ii-antibodies. Oko kuthetha ukuba, nokuba abafumani i-vaccine ngokuthe ngqo, baya kufumana ne-immune system.
• Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba i-OPV vaccine inokubangela ipoliyo. Isizathu soku kukuba ine-virus ebuthathaka kodwa ehlala iphila. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ukuba le ntsholongwane ibuthathaka ibisoloko ijikeleza kuluntu ixesha elide kwaye inethuba lokuba namandla, oko kukuthi, 'itshintshe'. Yiyo loo nto amazwe afana ne-United States engasayisebenzisi i-OPV.
• Iidosi ze-`OPV` ezinikwe ngaphambi kuka-Epreli 2016 zingabalwa ngokwemfuneko yokugonyelwa iPolio eMelika. Ezo zinikwa emva koko azibalwa. ESri Lanka, okwangoku sisebenzisa isitofu se-`IPV`.

Yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi?

I-World Health Organisation isebenza nzima ukuphelisa i-polio ehlabathini. Ifumene iziphumo ezininzi eziphumelelayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-polio isakho kumazwe ambalwa.

Kwakhona, nakumazwe apho ipoliyo ingasasazeki khona rhoqo, ukuba umntu ongagonywanga udibana nomntu ogonywe nge-OPV, unokufumana esi sifo. Emva koko unokusasaza intsholongwane kwabanye. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika abantwana zonke iidosi ezicetyiswayo zegonyo lepoliyo.

Ekubeni uninzi lwethu bantu abadala eSri Lanka sifumene olu gonyo sisengabantwana, akufuneki sifumane olunye ugonyo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abadala abasengozini yokuchaphazeleka yipoliyo banokucetyiswa ukuba bafumane i-'booster dose' kube kanye. Ngubani osengozini?

• Kwabo bahamba baya kwindawo enomngcipheko omkhulu wokosuleleka yipoliyo (umz., kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika naseAsia).
• Kwabo basebenza kwiilabhoratri ezineentsholongwane zepoliyo.
• Kwabo basebenza kwicandelo lezempilo kunye nezigulana ezinepoliyo, okanye nabantu ababuyileyo kwiindawo ezixhaphake kakhulu yipoliyo.
• Ukuba kukho isigulana sepoliyo ekhaya, okanye kwabo basondelelene nomntwana ofumene i-OPV vaccine, okanye osele eza kuyifumana.

Ukuba uhamba ngaphandle kweSri Lanka, ingakumbi eAfrika okanye eAsia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba wena nabantwana bakho nifumene zonke iigonyo zepoliyo ezifunekayo.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba wafumana isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo usengumntwana, okanye ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule koku?

Ipoliyo sisifo esibi kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha esisongela ubomi. Ngethamsanqa, sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokugonywa.

Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke izitofu zepoliyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ikamva lakhe.

Ukuba uceba ukuhamba uye kwelinye ilizwe, ingakumbi kumazwe apho ipoliyo iyingozi khona, funa ingcebiso kagqirha malunga nesimo sakho kunye nesosapho lwakho sokugonywa. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye umbelethisi. Ukuhlala usempilweni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

I- Polio, i-Poliovirus, iGonyo, Ukukhubazeka, Impilo yabantwana, Izifo ezosulelayo