Ingaba ulindele umntwana? Masifunde ngezi mvavanyo! (Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokuzalwa - Ikota yokuqala)

Ulindele umntwana, akunjalo? Ngeli xesha, sibiza `(Uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokuzalwa)` ngovavanyo olwenziwa ukujonga impilo yakho kunye nomntwana wakho osesibelekweni sakho. Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uneengozi, iziphene zokuzalwa, okanye iingxaki ze-chromosome. Ezinye iimvavanyo (`uvavanyo lokuhlola`) zibonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki , ngelixa ezinye (`uvavanyo lokuchonga`) zinokukuxelela imeko echanekileyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi ngezi mvavanyo, kuba zinokukunika uxolo lwengqondo kwaye zikuncede ulungiselele ukwamkela umntwana. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, isigqibo sokwenza ezi mvavanyo okanye ukungazenzi sesakho.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo xa uqala ukubona ugqirha?

Xa uqala ukubona ugqirha wakho, enye yeenjongo zakho kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhulelwe na. Baza kujonga naziphi na iingozi zempilo kuwe okanye kusana lwakho olungekazalwa.

Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba , oluquka ukujonga ubunzima bakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic. I-Pap smear yakho eqhelekileyo, ukuba kufuneka, nayo iya kwenziwa ngeli xesha. Oku kujonga utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko olunokubangela umhlaza. Uvavanyo lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane lukwajonga nezifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (STDs) ezifana neChlamydia kunye neGonorrhea .

Okulandelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhulelwe, kuya kuthathwa uvavanyo lokukhulelwa komchamo. Luya kukhangela ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-hCG (uphawu lokukhulelwa) . Umchamo wakho uya kuhlolwa neproteni, iswekile, kunye neempawu zosulelo. Wakuba ukhulelwe, umhla wakho wokuzalwa uya kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumhla womjikelo wakho wokugqibela wokuya exesheni okanye ukuya exesheni. Ngamanye amaxesha i-ultrasound scan, okanye i-scan, inokwenziwa ukunceda koku.

Emva koko kuza eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Bathatha igazi kuwe baze benze uvavanyo. Masibone ukuba bathini.

• Uhlobo lwegazi lakho kunye ne-(Rh factor)`: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba igazi lakho li-`(Rh negative)` kwaye igazi lomyeni wakho li-`(Rh positive),` umzimba wakho unokuba nee-antibodies ezinokuba yingozi kumntwana. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho izisombululo koku. Le meko inokuthintelwa ngenaliti ekhethekileyo yonyango enikwa malunga neeveki ezingama-28 zokukhulelwa.
• I-anemia, oko kuthetha ukuba inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Oomama abaninzi banokuba nale meko ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngoko ke kulungile ukwazi oku kwangaphambili.
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na izifo ezisulelayo ezifana `(Hepatitis B)`, `(Syphilis)`, kunye `(HIV)`:Ukuba ezi zifo zikhona, ukuba zichongiwe kwangethuba, amanyathelo afunekayo anokuthathwa ukukhusela umntwana kuzo.
• Nokuba unamandla okuzikhusela kwi-German measles (Rubella) kunye ne-chickenpox (Varicella okanye i-chickenpox): Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba unamandla okuzikhusela na kwezi zifo, kuba zinokubangela iingxaki kumntwana xa ekhulelwe.
• Izifo zemfuza ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Cystic Fibrosis)` kunye ne-`(Spinal Muscular Atrophy)`: Ezi zizifo ezingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ngoku, kwiimeko ezininzi, nokuba akukho mntu kusapho unembali yezi zifo, oogqirha basacebisa ukuba kuvavanywe ezi zifo.

Ziziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwa kwi-trimester yokuqala?

Emva kotyelelo lwakho lokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga umchamo wakho, akulinganise, aze ajonge uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo xa undwendwela de umntwana wakho azalwe (okanye ubuncinci ngalo lonke ixesha). Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni iingxaki ezifana nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa (isifo seswekile esenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuphela) kunye ne -preeclampsia (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluyingozi olubaluleke kakhulu ukuba lubanjwe kwangethuba).

Ngexesha le-trimester yakho yokuqala, uza kunikwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezimbalwa, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, impilo yakho, kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho. Masibone ukuba zithini.

• Uvavanyo lwekota yokuqala: Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne -ultrasound scan. Oku ikakhulu kujonga umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nokukhubazeka kwe-chromosome efana ne -Down syndrome okanye isiphene sokuzalwa njengeengxaki zentliziyo. Oku akuchazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho ingxaki, kodwa kubonisa ukuba kukho umngcipheko.
• I-Ultrasound: Olu luvavanyo olukhuselekileyo nolungenabuhlungu. Lusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yesimo somntwana, indawo yakhe, kunye nokukhula kwakhe. Lungenziwa kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ukuze kufikelele kwixesha lokukhulelwa kwakhe. Lungenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-11 neli-14, njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwekota yokuqala . Abafazi abakhulelweyo abasengozini enkulu banokufuna ukuba benze i-ultrasound izihlandlo ezininzi ngexesha lekota yokuqala.
• I-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Lubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yeeseli ezivela kwi-placenta nokukhangela iingxaki ze-chromosome, ezifana ne -Down syndrome . Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-13 zokukhulelwa. Olu luvavanyo lokuxilonga , oko kuthetha ukuba lunokukuxelela ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuzalwa ene-chromosome disorder ethile okanye akunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, alwenziwanga ngumntu wonke, kwaye lwenziwa ngokwemeko nganye.
• Uvavanyo lwe-DNA olungenaseli (Uvavanyo olungenalo umhlaza ngaphambi kokukhulelwa okanye ii-NIPS): Olu luvavanyo olutsha lwegazi. Luyinto enomdla kakhulu, kuba kukho inani elincinci le -DNA yomntwana egazini likamama. Ezi ziqwenga ze-DNA ziyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni wokuba nesifo se-chromosome esifana ne -Down syndrome . Oku kungenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha emva kweeveki ezili-10 zokukhulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, olu asilovavanyo lokuxilonga , oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba oku kunika umbono wokuba kukho ingxaki, kufuneka olunye uvavanyo olufana ne-CVS ukuqinisekisa okanye ukuthintela ukuba ingangeni. Oku kudla ngokucetyiswa koomama abasengozini enkulu, nokuba kungenxa yokuba badala okanye babe nomntwana one-chromosomal engaqhelekanga ngaphambili.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo onokuzicebisa?

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokucebisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kuwe. Oku kungenxa yokuba baqwalasela imbali yakho (neyomyeni wakho) yempilo, ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo, kunye nezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nembali yosapho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nomcebisi wezemfuza ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe nezifo ezibangelwa lufuzo. Baza kukuchazela ngokweenkcukacha oku. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo esibangelwa lufuzo, ungathetha nogqirha ngaso, udibane nomcebisi ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo.

Uvavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye uvavanyo lokuxilonga lunokucetyiswa kwezi meko:

• Isifo se-thyroid
• I-Toxoplasmosis - Olu luhlobo losulelo olunokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ludluliselwe ngendle yekati, njl. Yinto ekufuneka uyilumkele ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• I-Hepatitis C
• I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Isifo sikaTay-Sachs - Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu esibangelwa lufuzo.
• Isifo seFragile X - Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimfuza esinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo.
• Isifo sephepha
• Isifo saseCanavan - Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Okokugqibela, kulungile na ukukhumbula oku?

Mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kodwa ungoyiki oku. Khumbula, zonke ezi vavanyo *zicetyiswa* kuwe. Unelungelo elipheleleyo lokugqiba ukuba uza kuzenza okanye hayi.

Ukuze ugqibe ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ezikulungeleyo, kunye nento oyifunayo, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umbelethisi. Qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ukuba kutheni uvavanyo lucetyiswa, zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo, kunye nokuba iziphumo zithini ngokwenene - kunye noko *zingakutshoyo*. Emva koko ungenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo.

Konke oku kwenzelwa ukukhusela wena nosana lwakho olungekazalwa. Ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo, kulungile? Sikunqwenelela amandla nesibindi sokuzisa umntwana ophilileyo emhlabeni!

Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa, ikota yokuqala, i-DownSyndrome, i-ultrasound, uvavanyo lwe-CVS, uvavanyo lwe-NIPS, impilo yokukhulelwa