Mhlawumbi ubukhe waba nomkhuhlane, usulelo lwendlebe, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu waza waya kugqirha waza wanikwa uhlobo lweyeza 'le-penicillin'. Mhlawumbi nomntwana wakho unikwe eli yeza. Ngoko ke, yintoni le 'penicillin' esetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu? Yintoni kanye kanye eyenzayo emizimbeni yethu? Makhe sithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngokulula namhlanje.
Luhlobo luni lweyeza iPenicillin?
Ngamafutshane, i-penicillin ludidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-antibiotics . Ii-antibiotics luhlobo lonyango olulwa nokutshabalalisa usulelo lweentsholongwane olungene emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngeebhaktheriya njengomkhosi wotshaba ongene emizimbeni yethu. I-Penicillin ifana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela loo mkhosi wotshaba.
Kukho ezinye iintlobo zamayeza akweli qela abizwa ngokuba yi-penicillin. Zonke ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'penicillins'. Ezi ziqela elincinci losapho olukhulu lwee-antibiotics ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'beta-lactams'.
Sifumana eli yeza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Uhlobo lomlomo: Iipilisi okanye isiraphu esizisebenzisa rhoqo ekhaya.
- Uhlobo lwe-Intravenous (IV): Iyeza elinikwa ngqo emthanjeni ngugqirha okanye umongikazi esibhedlele okanye ekliniki.
Zeziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa i-penicillin?
Oogqirha banika i-penicillin kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa ziibhaktheriya. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngesi sifo ngaphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni na.
| Usulelo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Usulelo lomphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu) | Usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane olubangela umphimbo obuhlungu kwaye kube nzima ukuginya. |
| Usulelo lwendlebe (i-Otitis media) | Usulelo lwendlebe kunye neentlungu zendlebe zixhaphakile, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci. |
| Iintsholongwane zoMchamo (UTIs) | Usulelo olubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokudumba komchamo kunye nokuchama rhoqo. |
| Ukukrala kwemiphunga | Usulelo oluchaphazela imiphunga, olubangela ukukhohlela nobunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Amathumba kunye nosulelo lolusu (usulelo lweStaph) | Izinto ezifana namathumba esikhumba kunye namanxeba abhidlayo. |
| Ezinye izifo ezinzulu | Ikwasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezifana ne-meningitis, iSalmonella, i-syphilis, i-gonorrhea, kunye nosulelo lwamazinyo. |
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zepenicillin?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zepenicillin. Olu hlulo lwenziwa ngokusekwe kwindlela ezenziwe ngayo kunye neentlobo zeebhaktheriya ezinokuzibulala.
1. IiPenicillin zendalo
Ezi azidalwanga ngumntu. Zaqala ukufunyanwa kuhlobo lwesikhunta esifumaneka kwindawo esingqongileyo. Izazinzulu zahlula ipenicillin kuphela kuloo khunta zaza zenza amayeza. I-Penicillin G (enikwa ngemithambo) kunye ne -Penicillin V (ethathwa ngomlomo) yimizekelo yolu hlobo.
2. IiPenicillin ezingasebenziyo
Ezi zenziwa ngokuthatha i-penicillin yendalo kwaye uyitshintshe kwilebhu ukuze ibe namandla kwaye isebenze ngakumbi kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo:
- Ii-Aminopenicillins: Ezi zezona zidumileyo phakathi kwethu. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge -Amoxicillin kunye ne-Ampicillin . Oogqirha banika ezi ziyobisi kwizifo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ezinje ngezifo zendlebe kunye nezifo zomchamo.
- Iipenicillin ezingamelaniyo nePenicillinase: Ezinye iibhaktheriya zivelisa i-enzyme (i-penicillinase) etshabalalisa i-penicillin. Olu hlobo lwenzelwe ukuthintela loo enzyme ekuyitshabalaliseni. Amayeza afana ne-`Nafcillin` kunye ne-`oxacillin` akweli qela.
- Iipenicillins ezinde: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinzulu zebhaktheriya ezinzima ukuzinyanga. `I-Piperacillin` yenye yezo ziyobisi.
3. IiPenicillin eziDibeneyo
Ngamanye amaxesha i-penicillin inikwa kunye nelinye iyeza. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iibhaktheriya ziphuhlisa iindlela zokuzikhusela kwi-penicillin. Elinye iyeza longezwa ukuze liphule ezo ndlela zokuzikhusela. Usenokuba unikwe iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi -Augmentin® (indibaniselwano ye-amoxicillin kunye ne-clavulanic acid). Liyeza elidibeneyo.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Kulula kakhulu. I-penicillin iya ngqo eludongeni lweseli yebhaktiriya ize izincamathele kulo. Cinga ngebhaktiriya njengendlu ejikelezwe ziindonga. Into eyenziwa yi-penicillin kukonakalisa olo donga. Njengokuba nantoni na inokungena endlwini xa udonga luphukile, xa udonga lweseli lonakele, i-bacteria ayinakuphila kwaye itshatyalaliswe.
Kodwa kukho ingxaki encinci apha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye iintsholongwane ziye zafunda ukumelana nolu hlaselo lwe-penicillin. Oko kukuthi, ziye zafumana iindlela zokuyiphepha xa iyeza lifika. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukumelana neentsholongwane . Le yingxaki enkulu yempilo. Ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, ezifana ne-'MRSA', ziyamelana neentlobo ezininzi ze-penicillin, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunyanga ezo zifo.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-penicillin?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, i-penicillin inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ozifumanayo. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Isicaphucaphu
- Ukuhlanza
- Urhudo
- Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
- Utshintsho kwincasa okanye ivumba lokutya
- Intloko ebuhlungu
Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga azibi kakhulu. Ukusela amayeza kunye nokutya kunokunceda ekunciphiseni izinto ezifana nokucaphuka. Kodwa ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyakukhathaza, thetha nogqirha wakho .
Zeziphi iingozi ekufuneka uzilumkele ngakumbi?
Kukho izinto ezintathu ekufuneka siziqwalasele ngokukodwa xa sisebenzisa i-penicillin.
1. Iimpendulo ze-Allergic
Le yeyona ngozi inkulu. Nangona abantu abaninzi besithi bane-allergy kwi-penicillin, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abane-allergy enjalo. Kodwa ukuba unayo i-allergy, inokuba yingozi. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumla, irhashalala esasazeka emzimbeni wonke, kunye nokudumba kobuso , inokuba luphawu lwe-allergy enkulu. Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwicandelo lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
2. C. usulelo oluhlukeneyo
Oku kunokubonakala kungaqhelekanga. Xa sithatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emathunjini ethu nazo zinokufa. Oku kuvumela intsholongwane embi ebizwa ngokuba yiClostridium difficile (C. diff) ukuba ikhule ingalawuleki. Oku kunokubangela urhudo olukhulu, iintlungu zesisu eziqatha, kunye nomkhuhlane . Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Ukuba unesifo sorhudo esiqatha ngelixa uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ukumelana ne-Antibiotic
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, le yingxaki enkulu. Ukuba sithatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa engadingeki (umzekelo, ngenxa yomkhuhlane obangelwa yintsholongwane), okanye ukuba siyeka ukuwathatha ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha awanike amayeza, iintsholongwane zinethuba lokukhula zingakwazi ukumelana namayeza.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Nokuba uzive ungcono, thatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele kangangeentsuku zonke. Ukuba awukwenzi oko, iintsholongwane ezishiyekileyo emzimbeni wakho zinokuba namandla ngakumbi zize zibangele ukuba usulelo lubuye. Amayeza asenokungasebenzi kwixesha elizayo.
Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa okanye ukubona ugqirha wakho kwiimeko ezilandelayo.
| Amathuba | Kwenziwe ntoni |
|---|---|
| Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nendlela yokusela amayeza | Cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuqinisekise ngokuqinisekileyo. |
| Ukuba ukuthatha amayeza kunzima ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga | Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza. Uza kukunika enye indlela. |
| Ukuba unesifo sohudo esiqatha | Ukuba urhudo olumanzi izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini okanye uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (imilebe eyomileyo, amehlo atshonileyo), yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ze-allergy | Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukuhlanza, okanye ukudumba kobuso , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Penicillin sisibulali-ntsholongwane esibaluleke kakhulu esinikwa izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ayisebenzi kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane (njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo).
- Sebenzisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wamayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kwikhosi yonke yonyango. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela amayeza nokuba uzive ungcono.
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uvakalelo olungathandekiyo, olufana nokucaphuka, ngelixa usela iyeza, lithathe kunye nokutya. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, xelela ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinobungozi ze-allergy ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukudumba kobuso, okanye ukurhawuzelelwa, yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ungaze usebenzise amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aseleyo kwisifo sangaphambili kwesinye isifo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
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