Sonke siyazi ukuba izintso zizihluzo emizimbeni yethu. Njengesihluzo seoyile emotweni, ezi zintso zimbini zenza umsebenzi omhle wokucoca igazi lethu nokususa inkunkuma engeyomfuneko njengomchamo. Kodwa ngaba ukhe weva ngamaqhawe amancinci asemva kwalo msebenzi mkhulu, lawo ungenakuwabona nokuwabona? La maqhawe ngalawo siwabiza ngokuba yi-'Peritubular Capillaries'. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala linzima kancinci, umsebenzi abawenzayo ulula kakhulu kwaye ubalulekile. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale nkqubo incinci yemithambo yegazi.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi capillaries ze-peritubular?
Kulungile, masilichaze eli gama.
- I-Peri ithetha "ukujikeleza".
- I-Tubular ithetha "iitshaneli ezincinci".
- IiCapillaries zezona mithambo yegazi zibalaseleyo emzimbeni wethu.
Ngoko ke, ukuthetha ngokulula, ii-peritubular capillaries zinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu ejikeleza imijelo emincinci ngaphakathi kwezintso zethu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba izintso sisixeko esikhulu. Kukho malunga nezigidi zezindlu ezincinci kweso sixeko. Ezi zindlu sizibiza ngokuba zii-nephrons . Ezi nephrons ziyunithi ezihluza kwaye zicoce igazi. Ngoko ke, inethiwekhi yeendlela ezincinci ezijikeleza nganye yezi ndlu (ezijikeleze imijelo ye-nephron) ibizwa ngokuba zii-peritubular capillaries. Kungale ndlela apho izinto ezifunekayo (isondlo) ziziswa ezi zindlu kwaye inkunkuma (inkunkuma) eqokelelana ezi zindlu iyasuswa.
Ziziphi izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezenzeka kule nkqubo incinci yemithambo yegazi?
Olu nxibelelwano lwemithambo yegazi emincinci lufana nomgcini-mali okrelekrele. Lukhetha ngononophelo kwaye lwahlule oko umzimba ukudingayo noko ungakudingiyo. Lo msebenzi unokwahlulwa ube ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ukukhupha inkunkuma: Emva kwenkqubo yokuqala yokucoca kwizintso, nayiphi na inkunkuma eseleyo egazini ikhutshwa kule mithambo iye kwiityhubhu zezintso. Le nkunkuma ikhutshwa emva koko kumchamo.
2. Ukuphinda kufunxwe izondlo: Xa izintso zihluza igazi, ngamanye amaxesha ezinye zezinto ezilungileyo ezidingwa ngumzimba nazo ziyahluzwa. Cinga nje xa uhluza ikomityi yeti, iswekile ethile ibanjwa kwisihluzo kunye namagqabi eti. Ngamaxesha anjalo, la ma-capillaries angaphakathi ayazazi ezo zondlo aze azihluze kwakhona egazini.
Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ukuze sibone ukuba ezi nkqubo zimbini zibaluleke kangakanani.
| Izinto ezisuswa emzimbeni (inkunkuma) | Izinto eziphinda zifunxwe emzimbeni (izondlo) |
|---|---|
| I-Urea: Inkunkuma ye-nitrogen eyenziwe ngexesha lokuqhekeka kweeproteni. | Ii-amino acids: Iibhloko zokwakha iiproteni. Zibalulekile ekukhuleni komzimba. |
| I-Creatinine: Inkunkuma eveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwemisipha. | Iglucose: Uhlobo oluphambili lweswekile olunika amandla emizimbeni yethu. |
| Ii-Acids ezigqithisileyo: Ii-Acids ezigqithisileyo ziyasuswa ukuze kulinganiswe i-pH yomzimba. | Iiminerali: Iiminerali ezifana nesodium kunye nepotassium zibalulekile emzimbeni. |
| Amanzi agqithisileyo: Alawula ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni. | Iivithamini: Iivithamini ezifunekayo emzimbeni. |
Ngamafutshane, ngaphandle kwezi capillaries ezikwi-peritubular, uninzi lwezondlo ezidingwa ngumzimba wethu beluya kulahleka kumchamo, kwaye inkunkuma eyingozi emzimbeni ibiya kuqokelelana egazini.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi capillaries zonakele?
Kulapho kufuneka sikhathazeke kakhulu khona. Xa le mithambo yegazi ibuthathaka iqala ukonakala, ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-peritubular capillary rarefaction . Oku kuthetha ukuba uxinano lwale mithambo yegazi luyehla, iba ncinci, kwaye iyatshatyalaliswa.
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngale nto kukuba xa ezi channels zonakele, azinawo amathuba amaninzi okubuyela kwimeko yazo yesiqhelo.
Lo monakalo ungakhokelela kwiimeko ezimbini eziphambili zempilo:
1. Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD):Xa ii-capillaries zingaphumeleli, inkqubo yokuhluza izintso iyaphazamiseka kancinci kancinci. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokuqhubekela phambili kwisifo sezintso esingapheliyo, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwezintso.
2. Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Izintso zilawula ubungakanani betyuwa namanzi emzimbeni. Xa ezi capillaries zonakele, olu lawulo luyaphela. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo lwegazi luqala ukunyuka. Kwakhona, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luyonakalisa ngakumbi le capillaries. Kufana nomjikelo onzima.
Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela umonakalo kwezi capillaries?
- Isifo seswekile
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulwayo
- Usulelo lwezintso
- Izifo ze-glomerular (izifo ezichaphazela iiyunithi zokucoca izintso)
- Ukuvaleka komchamo
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ingxaki yezintso?
Isifo sezintso asisoloko sibonisa zimpawu zibalulekileyo kwisigaba sokuqala. Kodwa ukuba unika ingqalelo emzimbeni wakho, unokuzibona ezinye zeempawu. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Intlungu emqolo kumacala omabini omzimba, ngaphantsi kweembambo.
- Umkhuhlane oza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu emzimbeni.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuchama:
- Ukuchama rhoqo kunesiqhelo.
- Ubunzima bokuchama.
- Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria) .
- Ukutsha okanye iintlungu ngexesha lokuchama (i-dysuria) .
- Utshintsho kumbala womchamo (ujika ube mdaka omnyama).
- Ukudumba (ukudumba), ingakumbi emilenzeni, kwindawo yeqakala.
- Usulelo oluphindaphindayo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs).
Ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukulinda nje unethemba lokuba, "Oku kuza kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa." Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezijonga impilo yezintso?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ezifana nezi.
1. Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwezintso:
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Umchamo ujongwa izinto ezifana neproteni, igazi kunye neswekile.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi:Amanqanaba enkunkuma ebizwa ngokuba yi-`BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)` kunye ne-`Creatinine` egazini ayalinganiswa. Ukuba ezi zinto ziphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba izintso azihluzi kakuhle inkunkuma. Uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-`eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate)` lunokunika umbono olungileyo ngesantya sokuhluza kwezintso.
2. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso:
- I-Ultrasound yezintso: Oku kunokujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuba khona kwamatye okanye ezinye izinto ezithintela izintso.
- I-CT Scan okanye i-MRI Scan: Ezi zisetyenziswa ukuba ufuna ukuhlola izintso ngokweenkcukacha.
Siyikhusela njani le nkqubo ixabisekileyo ye-capillary?
Akukho nto ikhethekileyo onokuyenzela ezi capillaries ze-peritubular. Esimele sikwenze kukugcina izintso zethu ziphilile. Ukuba izintso ziphilile, le nkqubo incinci yemithambo yegazi nayo iphilile. Zenze ezi zinto zilula zibe ngumkhwa.
- Sela amanzi acocekileyo aneleyo imini yonke. Ukusela amanzi kwenza kube lula ukuba izintso zihluze kwaye zisuse inkunkuma.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Nciphisa ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi, iswekile, namafutha amaninzi kangangoko unako. Yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi.
- Lawula isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ukuba unale meko, thatha amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha. Yiya kuhlolwa rhoqo.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni emzimbeni wakho. Ukutyeba kakhulu kubeka uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwizintso.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ii-capillaries ezikwi-peritubular.
- Musa ukuqhubeka usebenzisa amayeza afana namayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwezinye izithomalalisi zeentlungu kuyingozi kwizintso. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naliphi na iyeza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-capillaries ze-peritubular ziyinkqubo ebalulekileyo, ethambileyo kakhulu yemithambo yegazi kwizintso enceda ekususeni inkunkuma kunye nokufunxa izondlo kwakhona.
- Ukonakala kwezi ndlela kungaba yimbangela enkulu yesifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela ezi ndlela kukugcina izintso zakho ziphilile.
- Ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukulawula isifo seswekile/uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile kwimpilo yezintso.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nemilenze evuvukileyo, utshintsho kumchamo, okanye iintlungu zomqolo, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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