Masifunde konke ngesifo semiphunga: Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngaso! - Nirogi Lanka

I-pneumonia ingavakala ngathi yinto eyoyikisayo, akunjalo? Ukuva malunga nokuxinana kwesifuba okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla kudla ngokubangela inkxalabo ngokukhawuleza. Apha eNirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukunceda uqonde ukuba yintoni i-pneumonia, isizathu sokuba ivele, indlela yokuzikhusela, kunye namanyathelo omawuwathathe ukuba ufunyaniswe une-pneumonia, ngendlela elula nexhasayo.

Yintoni iPneumonia?

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo olukwimiphunga yakho. Lunokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ifungi. Olu sulelo lubangela ukuba izicubu zemiphunga yakho zidumbe, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba . Ngenxa yoko, imiphunga yakho inokuzaliswa lulwelo okanye bubomvu.

ukudumba - Ukudumba kwezicubu

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-bacterial Pneumonia inzima kakhulu kune-viral pneumonia, edla ngokuziphelela ngokuphumla.

I-pneumonia inokuchaphazela umphunga omnye okanye yomibini ngaxeshanye. Xa ichaphazela yomibini, ibizwa ngokuba yi -Bilateral okanye i-Double Pneumonia .

Ikhula njani i-pneumonia kwaye zeziphi iintlobo zayo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia yebhaktiriya kunye ne-viral?

Nangona i-pneumonia yimeko ethile, iimpawu zakho zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko (iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, okanye ifungus).

I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye inokuba yingozi ngakumbi, ngamanye amaxesha ifune ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Ugqirha wakho uya kunyanga oku ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iyaphela ngaphandle kwesidingo samayeza athile.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-pneumonia

I-pneumonia yahlulwe ngokweentsholongwane ezibangela yona kunye nendawo oyifumene kuyo—njengoluntu, isibhedlele, okanye ngezixhobo zonyango ezifana ne-ventilator.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe kuluntu (i-CAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia ngaphandle kwesikhungo sokhathalelo lwempilo (ekhaya, emsebenzini, okanye esikolweni), ihlelwa njenge-CAP. Izizathu ziquka:

• Iintsholongwane: `I-Streptococcus pneumoniae` yeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-CAP (ekwaziwa ngokuba sisifo se-pneumococcal). Le ntsholongwane inokubangela nosulelo lwendlebe, usulelo lwe-sinus , kunye ne-meningitis. `I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae` idla ngokubangela iimpawu ezingembi kangako. Ezinye iintsholongwane ezifana ne-`Haemophilus influenzae`, `Chlamydia pneumoniae`, kunye ne-`Legionella` (isifo se-Legionnaires) nazo zizinto ezinokubangela oku.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezixhaphakileyo, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19 , kunye ne-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia.
• Iifungi/iimold: Zinqabile, kodwa iintlobo ezifana ne-'Cryptococcus', 'i-Pneumocystis jirovecii', kunye ne-'Coccidioides' zinokubangela i-pneumonia. Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abane -immune system ebuthathaka.
• Iprotozoa : Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, izinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-'Toxoplasma' zinokubangela i-pneumonia.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele (HAP)

Ukuba ufumana inyumoniya ngelixa ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye utyando, yaziwa ngokuba yi-HAP. Oku kudla ngokuba nzima kakhulu kune-CAP kuba kudla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ngama-antibiotic, ezifana ne-`MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)`, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

I-pneumonia enxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (HCAP)

Oku kwenzeka ukuba ukwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide, njengekhaya labalupheleyo, okanye ufumana unyango oluhlala lusenziwa ngaphandle. Njenge-HAP, idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

I-pneumonia enxulumene nomoya (VAP)

Ukuba ufuna umatshini wokuphefumla okanye wokuphefumla esibhedlele (ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-ICU), usengozini yokufumana i-VAP. Ingabangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifunyanwa kuluntu kunye nezifunyanwa esibhedlele.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumla

Oku kwenzeka xa ukutya, ulwelo, amathe, okanye ukuhlanza kuphefumlelwa kwi-windpipe yakho kuze kungene emiphungeni yakho. Ukuba awukwazi ukususa ezi zinto, unosulelo olunokuvela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-pneumonia.

Ingaba yi-pneumonia, umkhuhlane, okanye i-flu? Ungayibona njani loo nto?

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-pneumonia zinokudibana, okwenza kube nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwazo ngaphandle kokuxilongwa ngugqirha. Ngenxa yokuba i-pneumonia yimeko esongela ubomi , nceda ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla .
• Umkhuhlane ongama-38.88°C okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukukhohlela umhluzi otyheli, oluhlaza, okanye onamabala egazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia?

Abantu abathile basesichengeni sokufumana inyumoniya. Kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi ukuba uwela nakweyiphi na kwezi ndidi:

• Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zemiphunga okanye zentliziyo ezikhoyo, ezifana ne-cystic fibrosis, i-asthma, i-COPD (isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo), i-emphysema, i-pulmonary fibrosis, okanye i-sarcoidosis.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela ukuginya, ezifana ne-dementia, isifo sikaParkinson, okanye abo babe ne-stroke, njengoko ezi meko zinyusa kakhulu umngcipheko we-aspiration pneumonia.
• Izigulana ezilaliswe esibhedlele okanye ezihlala kwiindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide okwangoku.
• Abantu abatshayayo.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo.
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Oku kuquka abo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy yomhlaza, abo bafumana ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, abantu abaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, okanye abo basebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba.

Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu esiyintloko kwaye zinokuqala kwencinci ukuya kwenzulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimpawu zinokubonakala ngokwahlukileyo kwiintsana, abantwana abancinci, nakubantu abadala.

Iimpawu ze-bacterial Pneumonia

I-pneumonia yebhaktiriya inokuhlasela ngequbuliso okanye ikhule kancinci kancinci. Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-105°F / 40.55°C).
• Ukukhohlela umhluzi otyheli, oluhlaza, okanye onegazi.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukubila kakhulu okanye ukungcangcazela.
• Intlungu esifubeni okanye esiswini, ingakumbi xa ukhohlela okanye uphefumla nzulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu lwakho, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yengqondo.

Iimpawu zePneumonia eNtsholongwane

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokukhula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana ne-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, okanye ungaphawula:

• Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Iintlungu zemisipha.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.

Iimpawu Kubantwana Abancinci

Kwiintsana ezincinci kakhulu kunye neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, i-pneumonia isenokubonakala ineempawu ezimbalwa okanye iimpawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu kwezo zabantu abadala.

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungabi namandla okuphefumla, okanye ukurhawuzelela.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukuphefumla okusebenzayo okanye okukhawulezayo (tachypnea).
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukucaphuka kakhulu okanye ukukhala rhoqo.

Ukongeza, kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci, khangela:

• Izandi zokubhonga okanye zokuphefumla xa uphefumla.
• Ukuchama okunciphileyo okanye iinapukeni ezimanzi ezimbalwa.
• Ulusu olukhanyayo okanye olungwevu.
• Ukuqhwalela okanye ubuthathaka obugqithisileyo.
• Ukukhala okungapheliyo, okungathuthuzelekiyo.
• Ukwala ukutya okanye ukutya.

Iimpawu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye unesifo somzimba esibuthathaka, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nokukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumla kancinci zisenokuba zincinci okanye azikho. Endaweni yoko ungabona ukuba iimeko ezingapheliyo ziya zisiba mandundu okanye iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo ezifana nezi:

• Ukudideka ngequbuliso okanye ukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintliziyo.
• Ukudinwa nzulu.

Yintoni ebangela i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka xa usulelo lutshisa iingxowa zomoya ezincinci (i-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zizaliswe lulwelo okanye bubomvu. Olu lukhuselo lomzimba wakho olusabela kwiintsholongwane ezihlaselayo.

Nangona iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, iintsholongwane kunye neefungi zinokubangela i-pneumonia, usulelo lweentsholongwane zezona zibangela zixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala , ngelixa iintsholongwane zezona zibangela ziphambili kubantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo . Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (i-rhinovirus)
• I-COVID-19 (SARS-COV-2)
• Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane
• I-metapneumovirus yabantu (HMPV)
• Intsholongwane yeparainfluenza yabantu (HPIV)
• Isifo seLegionnaires
• I-Mycoplasma pneumonia
• Isifo se-pneumococcal
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Intsholongwane ye-Respiratory syncytial (RSV)

Ngaba i-pneumonia iyosulela?

I-pneumonia ngokwayo ayisosifo "esisulelayo", kodwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezisibangelayo ziyasulela . Umzekelo, umkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo unokuqhubeka ube yi-pneumonia, nangona kungengabo bonke abantu abafumana intsholongwane abaya kuyivelisa.

Intsholongwane eqhelekileyo iStreptococcus pneumoniae inokusasazeka ngamathontsi okuphefumla xa kukhohlela okanye ukuthimla, okanye ngokudibana neendawo ezingcolisiweyo. I-fungus pneumonia ayidluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-pneumonia?

Ukuze afumanise ukuba une-pneumonia, ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola imbali yakho yezonyango aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba, oluquka ukumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope. Banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana ne-chest X-rays, i-pulse oximetry (ukujonga amanqanaba eoksijini egazini), uvavanyo lwegazi, okanye iinkcubeko ze-sputum.

Kubalulekile: Nokuba ugqirha uqinisekisile ukuba une-pneumonia, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuqaphela eyona ntsholongwane ibangela esi sifo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ukuvavanya iimpawu zosulelo kwimiphunga yakho, ukuvavanya indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo, kunye nokufumanisa unobangela we-pneumonia yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olulandelayo lokuxilonga:

• Ukufota: I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan inokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone iimpawu zosulelo kwimiphunga yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni uhlobo losulelo olubangela inyumoniya yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela: Uza kucelwa ukuba ukhohlele i-mucus kwisikhongozeli. Le sampulu ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze kuvavanywe usulelo kwaye kuchongwe i-pathogen ethile.
• I-pulse oximetry: I-sensor isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-oxygen egazini lakho. Oku kunika ugqirha wakho umbono ocacileyo wokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• Ukuphuhliswa kolwelo lwe-Pleural: Kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci, isampuli yolwelo iqokelelwa kwindawo ejikeleze imiphunga yakho ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze kufunyanwe umthombo wosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi oluvela kwimithambo yegazi: Kuthathwa isampuli yegazi esihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye esinqeni ukuze kulinganiswe amanqanaba eoksijini, nto leyo enika ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nokusebenza kwemiphunga yakho.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angasebenzisa ityhubhu ebhityileyo nekhanyisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope ukujonga ngqo kwimigudu yakho yomoya. Banokuqokelela neesampuli zezicubu okanye ulwelo ukuze zihlalutywe elebhu.

Inyangwa njani i-pneumonia? (eNirogi Lanka)

Unyango lwe-pneumonia luxhomekeke kwisizathu esithile (ibhaktheriya, intsholongwane, okanye i-fungus) kunye nobunzima bemeko yakho. Ekubeni kunzima ukufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo ngoko nangoko, injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iimpawu zakho nokuthintela imeko ukuba ingabi mandundu.

Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zimiselwe i-pneumonia yebhaktiriya. Nangona zingasebenzi kwiintsholongwane, ugqirha wakho usenokuziyalela ukuba kukho olunye usulelo lwebhaktiriya.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: La asetyenziswa ukuba inyumoniya yakho ibangelwa lusulelo lwefungus.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela; nangona kunjalo, ukuba intsholongwane ibangela ukugula kakhulu, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane afana ne -oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , zanamivir (Relenza®) , okanye i-peramivir (Rapivab®) ukuze kuncitshiswe ixesha kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lakho aphantsi, ugqirha wakho unokubonelela ngeoksijini eyongezelelweyo nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso.
• Ulwelo lwe-IV: Ulwelo olufakwa ngqo emithanjeni yakho lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukukhupha amanzi: Ukuba kukho ukuqokelelana okukhulu kolwelo phakathi kwemiphunga yakho nodonga lwesifuba (i-pleural effusion), ugqirha wakho unokulukhupha amanzi esebenzisa i-catheter okanye inkqubo yotyando.

Ingaba i-pneumonia iyaphela ngokwayo?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuphela ngaphandle koncedo lwezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlale ulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho ukuze ulawule iimpawu kwaye unciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu.

Iingcebiso zokuzinyamekela zokulawula iimpawu ekhaya

La manyathelo alandelayo anokukunceda uzive ukhululekile ngakumbi ngelixa ululama:

• Izithomalalisi zentlungu kunye nezithomalalisi zomkhuhlane: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza afana ne -ibuprofen (Advil®) okanye i-acetaminophen (paracetamol/Panadol®) ukulawula umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu.
• Amayeza okukhwehlela: Soloko ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza okukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela yindlela yomzimba wakho yokukhupha ulwelo emiphungeni yakho.
• Ukuzilolonga nokunyanga ukuphefumla: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika iindlela ezithile okanye unyango lokunceda ukhulule ulwelo kwaye wenze ukuphefumla kube lula.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier: Ukugcina i-cool-mist humidifier egumbini lakho okanye ukuhlamba ngeshawa enomphunga kunokunceda ukufumisa umoya kwaye kube lula ukuphefumla kwakho.
• Hlala unamanzi aneleyo emzimbeni.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?

Ixesha lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Iminyaka yakho.
• Unobangela oyintloko we-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima bosulelo.
• Naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezikhoyo okanye iingxaki.

Ukuba usempilweni ngokubanzi, kuya kufuneka uqale ukuziva uphucukile kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kokuqala unyango lwe-pneumonia yebhaktiriya . I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane inokuphucula kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, nangona iimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nokudinwa zinokuqhubeka iiveki ezininzi.

Ngaba i-pneumonia iyosulela?

Ukuba une-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, ngokuqhelekileyo uthathwa njengongengosuleliyo emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uphelile kwaye ubusebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-48 . Kwi-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, unokuhlala usosulela ude uzive ungcono kwaye ungabi namkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.

Ndingayithintela njani i-pneumonia? (eNirogi Lanka)

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-pneumonia kukugonyelwa ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zebhaktiriya kunye neentsholongwane. Ukugcina imikhwa esempilweni kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho.

Ukugonywa

Nangona imijovo ingenakukhusela kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-pneumonia, iyasebenza kakhulu ekuthinteleni izifo eziqatha.

• Iigonyo ze-pneumococcal: Ezi zikhusela kwiibhaktheriya ezibangela i-pneumonia. Zicetyiswa kumaqela athile eminyaka kunye nabo basengozini enkulu. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba loluphi ugonyo olufanelekileyo kuwe okanye kubantu obathandayo.
• Iigonyo zentsholongwane: Ukuhlala unolwazi lwamva nje malunga nokugonywa kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-influenza (flu) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-pneumonia ebangelwa zezi ntsholongwane.
• Ukugonywa kwabantwana: Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana bakho banolwazi lwamva nje ngokugonywa kwabo rhoqo, njengoko uninzi lwalo lukhusela kwiibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezinokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo

Ngaphaya kokugonywa, le mikhwa isempilweni inceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wakho wokufumana okanye ukusasaza i-pneumonia:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokutshaya umsi ophuma komnye umntu. Ukutshaya konakalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokufumana izifo zokuphefumla.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha phambi kokutya, ukulungiselela ukutya, okanye ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ukuba isepha ayifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu okungqongileyo unesifo esosulelayo esifana nomkhuhlane okanye i-COVID-19, kuphephe ukusondelana kwaye ungabelani ngezinto zakho zobuqu.
• Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele okanye ufumana unyango kwiziko lezonyango, ungathandabuzi ukubuza iqela lakho lezonyango ngamanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka esibhedlele.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, wenze umthambo rhoqo, kwaye ubeke phambili ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Lawula naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo okanye usulelo olukhoyo. Ezi zinokwenza buthathaka amajoni akho omzimba aze akwenze ube sesichengeni sokufumana inyumoniya.
• Kuphephe ukusela utywala kakhulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-pneumonia? (Iingxaki)

Isifo semiphunga singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzima ezinokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Iingozi ezinokubakho ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: I-pneumonia inokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla okanye i-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Ukuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni: Ukwanda kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga.
• I-Bacteremia okanye i-Sepsis: Iintsholongwane ezivela kwi-pneumonia zinokungena egazini lakho, zisasaze usulelo kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye zinokubangela i-sepsis okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu amaninzi.
• Ithumba lemiphunga: Imingxuma egcwele ubovu enokuthi ivele ngaphakathi kwizicubu zemiphunga.

Kunini apho ungadinga ukuya esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Ukuba une-pneumonia enzima okanye uneengxaki, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango olulaliswe esibhedlele. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ufune ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuba:

• Bangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka.
• Uneengxaki zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga esele zikhona.

Khumbula: Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ukuze ubuyele amandla akho ngokupheleleyo.

Izinto onokuthi uzenze ukuze ufumane isiqabu ngelixa uphola kwi-pneumonia

Ukuze uzive ukhululekile ngakumbi ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, landela la manyathelo:

• Lawula iimpawu zakho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisile.
• Gqibezela yonke ikhosi yakho yamayeza amiselweyo. Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuba nje uzive ungcono; ukungaphumeleli ukugqiba ikhosi yonke kunokubangela ukuba usulelo lubuye.
• Sebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane (afana ne-acetaminophen okanye i-ibuprofen) njengoko kuyalelwe kwileyibhile. Ungaze unike abantwana i-aspirin.
• Beka ukuphumla kwindawo yokuqala ukuze umzimba wakho uphile.

Ukuba imeko yakho iba mandundu okanye uziva ngathi awuphucuki, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Iimpawu zokuba uyaphola kwi-pneumonia

Njengoko ululama, uya kuphawula ukuba umkhuhlane wakho ubuyela esiqhelweni. Kufuneka uqaphele nokwehla kokuveliswa kwe-mucus kunye nokukhwehlela. Ukuziva unokukwazi ukuqhubeka neminye yemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla lolunye uphawu oluqinileyo lwenkqubela yakho.

Ungabuyela nini emsebenzini okanye esikolweni emva kokuba une-pneumonia?

Ngokwesiqhelo ungabuyela kwindlela yakho yesiqhelo xa iimpawu zakho ziphelile okanye ziphucukile, kwaye ungasaziva:

• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, umkhuhlane, okanye i-mucus egqithisileyo.

Ukuba usempilweni ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphinda luqalise umsebenzi walo wangaphambili kwisithuba seveki. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha ukuya kwinyanga ukuze uzive ubuyele kwimeko yakho eqhelekileyo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba uzive ungaphilanga, uneemeko ezingapheliyo, okanye ufumana iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya zisiba mandundu, kufuneka udibane nogqirha wakho malunga noku:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo okanye ukukhwehlela okune-mucus.
• Ukudinwa okungapheliyo.
• Ukuncipha okukhulu kwesifiso sokudla.

Ufanele ufune nini unyango olungxamisekileyo?

Kwiimeko ezilandelayo, funa unyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuziva ungakwazi ukuphefumla ngelixa uphumle.
• Ukuqala ngequbuliso kwentlungu yesifuba okanye ukwenzeka mandundu kwentlungu yesifuba ekhoyo.
• Ukudideka okanye ubunzima bokucinga ngokucacileyo.

Ngaba ungafumana i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Ewe. Nangona umkhuhlane luphawu oluqhelekileyo lwe-pneumonia, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe ne-pneumonia ngomkhuhlane omncinci okanye angabi namkhuhlane konke konke. Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu kumaqela alandelayo:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala (ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye neentsana).
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Ingaba kukho umahluko kwindlela ephathwa ngayo i-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci?

Ngokubanzi, indlela yokunyanga i-pneumonia ayifani kakhulu ebantwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu yi-pneumonia , nto leyo ethetha ukuba banokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yokuba i-pneumonia inezizathu neempawu ezahlukeneyo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva udidekile okanye uxhalabile ukuba iimpawu zakho zibonakala zixhalabisa. Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, i-mucus enemibala engaqhelekanga okanye enemibala engaqhelekanga, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. Umzimba wakho uyazi xa kukho into engalunganga, ngoko ke nceda ungathandabuzi ukufuna unyango. Ukuba ufumana imeko engxamisekileyo, nceda uqhagamshelane ne-911 okanye iinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo ezikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko.

Umyalezo ovela eNirogi Lanka (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Isifo semiphunga sinokuba sisifo esinzulu, kodwa xa unolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango olufike ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo kukubona iimpawu kwaye udibane nogqirha ukuba unamathandabuzo.

• Ukuthintela kubalulekile:Hlala usesikhathini ngemigonyo ecetyiswayo kwaye ugcine imikhwa esempilweni.
• Hlala ulumkile: Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.
• Landela icebiso lezonyango: Sela amayeza akho owayalelweyo njengoko uyalelwe uze ugqibezele yonke ikhosi.
• Ukuphumla kube yinto ephambili: Nika umzimba wakho ixesha olidingayo ukuze uphile.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga ne-pneumonia, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuthetha nogqirha wezempilo. Balapha ukukunceda.