Masifunde ngakumbi nge-pneumonia. Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Xa usiva igama elithi i-pneumonia, mhlawumbi uyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kancinci xa usiva izinto ezinje: i-mucus esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla . Kodwa namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nangendlela enobubele malunga nokuba yintoni kanye kanye i-pneumonia, isizathu sokuba ivele, indlela yokuyiphepha, kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba ivele.

Yintoni i-pneumonia?

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga yakho. Inokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ifungi. Olu sulelo lubangela ukuba izicubu zemiphunga yakho zidumbe, okubizwa ngokuba kukudumba . Imiphunga ingazaliswa lulwelo, olufana namanzi , okanye i-pus.

ukudumba

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuba yingozi ngakumbi kune-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela ngokwayo.

I-pneumonia inokuchaphazela umphunga omnye kuphela, okanye inokuchaphazela yomibini imiphunga. Xa ichaphazela yomibini imiphunga, siyibiza ngokuba yi-bilateral okanye i-double pneumonia .

Ikhula njani i-pneumonia? Ziziphi iintlobo zayo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ebangelwa yibhaktheriya kunye ne-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane?

Khawucinge nje, nangona i-pneumonia isisifo esifanayo, iimpawu zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu (iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, okanye i-fungus).

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yibhaktiriya lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-pneumonia, kwaye inokuba nzima ngakumbi. Xa oku kusenzeka, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele. Oogqirha banika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane koku.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane ibangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iyaphela ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo.

Iintlobo eziphambili ze-pneumonia

I-pneumonia ihlelwa ngokwe-pathogen eyibangeleyo (oko kukuthi, intsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, i-fungus) kunye nokuba uyifumene phi, oko kukuthi, kuluntu, esibhedlele, okanye kwi-ventilator.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe kuluntu (i-CAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia ngaphandle kwendawo yokhathalelo lwempilo, njengasekhaya okanye emsebenzini, ibizwa ngokuba yi-community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Oku kunokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane: Intsholongwane iStreptococcus pneumoniae (ekwaziwa ngokuba sisifo sepneumococcal) yeyona nto ibangela i-CAP. Le ntsholongwane inokubangela nosulelo lwendlebe, usulelo lwe-sinus , kunye ne-meningitis. I-Pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane iMycoplasma pneumoniae idla ngokuba ncinci kakhulu. Iintsholongwane iHaemophilus influenzae, iChlamydia pneumoniae, kunye neLegionella (isifo sikaLegionnaires) nazo zibangela i-CAP.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, i-COVID -19 , kunye ne-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela i-pneumonia.
• Iifungi/iimolds: Iifungi ezifana ne-'Cryptococcus', `Pneumocystis jirovecii' kunye ne-'Coccidioides' azifane zibangele i-pneumonia. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-pneumonia ngenxa yefungi.
• Iprotozoa : Kunqabile kakhulu, iiprotozoa ezifana neToxoplasma nazo zinokubangela inyumoniya.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele (HAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia ngelixa usesibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye utyando, ibizwa ngokuba yi-hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Inokuba yingozi kakhulu kune-community-acquired pneumonia. Oku kungenxa yokuba idla ngokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezinganyangekiyo kwii-antibiotics, ezifana ne-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Oku kuthetha ukuba i-HAP inokukwenza ugule kakhulu kwaye kube nzima ukuba uphile.

I-pneumonia enxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo (HCAP)

Olu hlobo lwe-pneumonia lunokukhula xa uhlala kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide, njengekhaya labalupheleyo, okanye ngexesha lonyango lwexesha elide kwindawo yokulaliswa kwezigulane ezingalaliswanga. Njenge-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele, idla ngokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

I-pneumonia enxulumene nomoya (VAP)

Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise umatshini wokuphefumla okanye wokuphefumla ukukunceda uphefumle esibhedlele (ngokuqhelekileyo kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu – i-ICU), usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-VAP. Oku kunokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezibangela i-pneumonia efunyanwa luluntu, kunye neentsholongwane ezingasebenzisi mayeza ezibangela i-pneumonia efunyanwa esibhedlele.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumla (i-pneumonia ebangelwa kukutya okanye ulwelo olungena kwindlela yomoya)

Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Xa into efana nokutya, ulwelo, amathe, okanye ukuhlanza inyuka ngombhobho wakho womoya (umbhobho womoya) iye emiphungeni yakho, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-aspiration. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyikhupha , inokubangela usulelo emiphungeni yakho kwaye ikhokelele kwi-pneumonia.

Ingaba yi-pneumonia, umkhuhlane, okanye i-flu? Uqiniseka njani?

Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye ne-pneumonia zinokufana, okwenza kube nzima ukubona umahluko. Ngugqirha kuphela onokukuxelela ngqo ukuba siyintoni na isifo. I-pneumonia inokuba yingozi ebomini , ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zibalulekileyo:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla .
• Umkhuhlane ongama-38.88 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ukuphuma komfinya otyheli, oluhlaza, okanye onegazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia?

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kunye nabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Abantu abanesifo semiphunga okanye sentliziyo , njenge-cystic fibrosis, i-asthma, i-COPD (isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo), i-emphysema, i-pulmonary fibrosis, okanye i-sarcoidosis.
• Abantu abaneengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezibangela ubunzima bokuginya. Iimeko ezifana ne-dementia, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye nesifo sohlangothi zisengozini enkulu yokuba ne-aspiration pneumonia.
• Abantu abasesibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide.
• Abantu abatshayayo.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo.
• Abantu abanenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Ukuba usebenzisa i-chemotherapy yomhlaza, ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba, une-HIV/AIDS, okanye usela amayeza acinezela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela isenokuba buthathaka.

Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Iimpawu zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Iimpawu zinokuhluka kwiintsana, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabantu abadala.

Iimpawu ze-bacterial Pneumonia

Iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia zinokuvela kancinci okanye ngequbuliso. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ungafikelela kuma-40.55 degrees Celsius okanye ama-105 degrees Fahrenheit).
• Ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm etyheli, eluhlaza, okanye enegazi
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Ukubila okanye ukuziva ubanda kwaye unomkhuhlane (ukubanda).
• Intlungu yesifuba kunye/okanye yesisu, ingakumbi xa ukhohlela okanye uphefumla nzulu.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesikhumba, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• Ukudideka okanye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo.

Iimpawu zePneumonia eNtsholongwane

Iimpawu ze-viral pneumonia zihlala zibonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana neze-bacterial pneumonia, okanye usenokuba nazo:

• Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci

Iintsana ezincinci kakhulu kunye neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ze-pneumonia, okanye iimpawu zazo zinokwahluka kwezo zabantu abadala. Khangela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukungakhululeki ngokubanzi, ukubila/ukuba bomvu kwesikhumba.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (tachypnea).
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ukungabikho kwamandla.
• Ukungazoli okanye ukukhala rhoqo.

Ungazibona ezi mpawu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci:

• Kuvakala ngathi kukukhala xa uphefumla.
• Ubungakanani bokuchama buyancipha, okanye inani lee-nappies ezimanzi liyancipha.
• Ulusu luba mhlophe.
• Umzimba ulahlekelwa bubomi bawo.
• Ukulila ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Uyala ukusela ubisi/ukutya ukutya.

Iimpawu ze-pneumonia kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokuba neempawu ze-pneumonia ezingembi kangako okanye ezimbalwa (ezifana nokukhwehlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci). Basenokuba neempawu ezimbi kakhulu zezinye izifo ezingapheliyo. Abantu abadala banokuba nezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimeko yengqondo.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ndidiniwe.

Yintoni ebangela i-pneumonia?

I-pneumonia yenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela iingxowa zomoya ezincinci (ii-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga yakho xa kukho usulelo. Oku kubangela ukuba imiphunga idumbe kwaye ivuza ulwelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neefungi ezinokubangela usulelo olubangela i-pneumonia. Iibhaktheriya zezona zibangela i-pneumonia kubantu abadala , kwaye iintsholongwane zezona zibangela i-pneumonia kubantwana abakwiminyaka yesikolo . Nazi ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokukhokelela kwi-pneumonia:

• Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (i-rhinovirus)
• I-Covid-19 (`i-SARS-COV-2`)
• Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane
• I-metapneumovirus yabantu (`HMPV – i-metapneumovirus yabantu`)
• Intsholongwane yeparainfluenza yabantu (HPIV)
• Isifo seLegionnaires
• Ibhaktheriya yeMycoplasma pneumonia
• Isifo se-pneumococcal
• I-Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Intsholongwane ye-Respiratory syncytial (RSV)

Ngaba i-pneumonia iyosulela?

Enyanisweni, i-pneumonia ngokwayo ayosuleli . Kodwa iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela yona ziyasulela . Cinga ngale ndlela: umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo esinokubangela i-pneumonia. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana umkhuhlane ofumana i-pneumonia.

Intsholongwane iStreptococcus pneumoniae, edla ngokubangela inyumoniya, inokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezinentsholongwane okanye ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu onentsholongwane ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

I-pneumonia yefungus ayosuleli. Usulelo lwefungus alusasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye njengeentsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-pneumonia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze afumanise ukuba une-pneumonia na, ugqirha uza kubuza ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Baza kumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope, kwaye banokwenza nezinye iimvavanyo. Oku kungabandakanya ukuthatha imifanekiso (efana ne-chest X-rays), i-pulse oximetry (ukujonga inqanaba le-oxygen egazini lakho), uvavanyo lwegazi, okanye uvavanyo lwe-sputum.

Kubalulekile: Nokuba ugqirha uqinisekisa ukuba une-pneumonia, ngamanye amaxesha usenokungakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lokujonga imiphunga yakho ukuze abone iimpawu zosulelo, alinganise ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani, aze ahlole igazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba ukuze afumane unobangela we-pneumonia yakho, efana nale:

• Imifanekiso: I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ingenziwa ukujonga iimpawu zosulelo lwemiphunga.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba loluphi uhlobo losulelo olubangela inyumoniya yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwe-sputum: Uza kucelwa ukuba ukhohlele uze ufake i-sputum kwisitya. Iya kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela oko.
• I-pulse oximetry: I-sensor isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani be-oksijini egazini lakho. Oku kunokunika ugqirha wakho umbono wokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• Inkcubeko yolwelo lwePleural: Isampuli yolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga yakho ithathwa kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci ize ithunyelwe kwilabhoratri ukuze kukhangelwe unobangela wosulelo.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi oluvela kwimithambo yegazi: Kuthathwa isampuli yegazi esihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye esinqeni ukuze kulinganiswe inqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angasebenzisa ityhubhu ebhityileyo nekhanyisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope ukujonga ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Basenokuthatha neesampuli zezicubu okanye ulwelo ukuze bazivavanye kwilebhu.

Inyangwa njani i-pneumonia?

Unyango lwe-pneumonia luxhomekeke kwisizathu (seentsholongwane, intsholongwane, ifungus) kunye nokuba imeko yakho imbi kangakanani. Ekubeni unobangela ochanekileyo ungaziwa rhoqo, unyango lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu kunye nokuthintela imeko yakho ukuba ingabi mandundu.

Kunokubakho unyango olufana nolu:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics zinikwa i-pneumonia yebhaktiriya. Azisebenzi nxamnye neentsholongwane, kodwa ugqirha unokukunika ukuba unosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye nentsholongwane.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: La mayeza anikwa i-pneumonia ebangelwa lusulelo lwefungus.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: I-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane ayisoloko ifuna unyango, kwaye ingaziphelela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ubude nobunzima besifo sakho ukuba unentsholongwane, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane afana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), zanamivir (Relenza®), okanye i-peramivir (Rapivab®).
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba awufumani oksijini eyaneleyo, ugqirha angakunika oksijini eyongezelelweyo ngetyhubhu efakwe empumlweni yakho okanye ngemaski ebekwe ebusweni bakho.
• Ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV fluids): Ulwelo olufakwa ngqo emthanjeni (IV) lunokuthintela okanye lunyange ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukususwa kolwelo: Ukuba unolwelo oluninzi phakathi kwemiphunga yakho nodonga lwesifuba (pleural effusion), ugqirha angalususa. Oku kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-catheter okanye utyando.

Ingaba i-pneumonia iyaziphilisa ngokwayo?

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela, kodwa kufuneka uhlale ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ukuze unyange iimpawu kwaye unciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu.

Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-pneumonia

Ezi zinto zinokukunceda uzive ungcono kwaye ulawule iimpawu ze-pneumonia:

• Izithomalalisi zentlungu kunye nezokunciphisa umkhuhlane: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza anjenge-ibuprofen (Advil®) kunye ne-acetaminophen ( paracetamol (Panadol) ®) kwiintlungu zomzimba kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Izinto zokuthomalalisa ukukhwehlela: Buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe izinto zokuthomalalisa ukukhwehlela kwi-pneumonia, njengoko ukukhwehlela kubalulekile ekucoceni imiphunga.
• Unyango kunye nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla: Ugqirha wakho angakunika olu nyango ukuze akhulule ulwelo kwaye enze ukuphefumla kube lula.
• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier:Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ugcine isixhobo sokufumisa umoya esincinci kufutshane nebhedi yakho okanye uhlambe ngamanzi ashushu. Oku kunokukunceda uphefumle lula.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva kokuqala unyango?

Ukuba ubuyela esiqhelweni ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwezi zinto:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Unobangela we-pneumonia yakho.
• Ubunzima be-pneumonia.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo okanye iingxaki.

Ukuba usempilweni ngokubanzi, iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia kufuneka ziqale ukuphucuka kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 emva kokuqala unyango . Ungaziva ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva konyango lwe-viral pneumonia. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngokukhwehlela nokudinwa, zinokuhlala iiveki ezininzi.

Umntu one-pneumonia angasuleleka ixesha elingakanani emva kokuba ephilile?

Ukuba une-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, uthathwa njengomntu ongasasuleliyo xa umkhuhlane wakho uphelile kwaye ubusele uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini . Ukuba une-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane, usenokuba nesifo esosulelayo de uzive ungcono kwaye ungabi namkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.

Ungayithintela njani i-pneumonia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-pneumonia kukugonyelwa iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela le pneumonia. Kukwakho nemikhwa yempilo onokuyilandela yonke imihla ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-pneumonia.

Iigonyo ze-pneumonia

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemithi yokugonya ethintela i-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal. Njengemithi yokugonya yomkhuhlane, le mithi yokugonya ayikhuseli kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-pneumonia. Kodwa ukuba uyagula, akunakwenzeka ukuba ibe yingozi kakhulu.

• Iigonyo ze-pneumococcal: Iigonyo zikhusela kwiibhaktheriya ze-pneumonia. Ezi zicetyiswa kumaqela athile eminyaka kunye nabantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-pneumonia. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi ugonyo olulungele wena okanye abantu obathandayo.
• Amayeza okugonya iintsholongwane: Ekubeni ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela inyumoniya, ukugonyelwa i-COVID-19 kunye ne-influenza (umkhuhlane) kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-pneumonia.
• Ukugonywa kwabantwana: Ukuba unabantwana, buza ugqirha wabo ngezinye izitofu abafanele bazifumane. Iitofu ezininzi zabantwana zinceda ekukhuseleni kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezinokubangela i-pneumonia.

Ezinye iindlela zokuzikhusela kwi-pneumonia

Ukongeza ekugonyweni, le mikhwa yempilo inokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana nokusasaza i-pneumonia:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya kwaye kuphephe ukutshaya umsi ophuma komnye umntu. Ukutshaya konakalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokutya, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Sebenzisa isepha okanye isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unesifo esosulelayo esifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye i-COVID-19, kuphephe ukusondelana naye nokusebenzisa izinto zakhe.
• Ukuba kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele okanye kwenye indawo yokhathalelo lwempilo, ungoyiki ukubuza oogqirha bakho indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, uzilolonge, kwaye uphumle ngokwaneleyo.
• Fumana unyango lwazo naziphi na ezinye izifo okanye iimeko zempilo onokuba nazo. Ezi meko zinokwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-pneumonia.
• Kuphephe ukusela utywala kakhulu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho xa kuvela i-pneumonia?

Isifo semiphunga sinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwaye sifune nokulaliswa esibhedlele. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: I-pneumonia inokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'ARDS (i-acute respiratory distress syndrome)'.
• Ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion).
• Iibhaktheriya ezingena egazini (`bacteremia`) okanye `sepsis`: Iibhaktheriya ezibangela inyumoniya zinokungena egazini zize zisasaze usulelo kwamanye amalungu omzimba, nto leyo ebangela i-sepsis okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ithumba lemiphunga: I-pneumonia inokubangela imingxunya egcwele ubovu ngaphakathi emiphungeni.

Kufuneka ulaliswe nini esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia?

Ukuba une-pneumonia enzima okanye iingxaki, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Usethubeni elikhulu lokulaliswa esibhedlele ukuba:

• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezichaphazela intliziyo nemiphunga.

Khumbula: Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kungathatha malunga neeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo ukubuyela esiqhelweni.

Izinto onokuzenza ukuze ufumane isiqabu xa une-pneumonia

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzive ungcono kancinci xa une-pneumonia:

• Lawula iimpawu zakho njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Sela onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kanye njengoko eyalelwe, ixesha lonke . Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuba nje uzive ungcono. Wasele ude ugqibe yonke ikhosi. Ukuba awuyigqibi yonke ikhosi, i-pneumonia yakho inokubuya.
• Sela amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane (afana ne-aspirin, i-acetaminophen, i-ibuprofen, okanye i-naproxen) njengoko kuyalelwe kwileyibhile. Ungaze unike abantwana i-aspirin.
• Phumla kakuhle.

Ukuba nangaliphi na ixesha uziva ukuba iintlungu ziya zisiba mandundu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuba i-pneumonia iyaphola?

Njengoko uqala ukuchacha kwi-pneumonia, umkhuhlane wakho uza kubuyela esiqhelweni. Emva koko, uza kuqaphela ukuba i-phlegm yakho iyancipha. Ukuziva ngathi ungenza eminye yemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kukwaluphawu oluhle lokuba uyachacha.

Ndingaya nini emsebenzini okanye esikolweni emva kokuba ndinesifo semiphunga?

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziphelile, ziba buthathaka, okanye ziyaphucuka, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo ngaphandle kokuba unezinye zezi mpawu zintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu:

• Ukuphefumla nzima okanye ukudinwa (ukungabi namandla).
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Isikhwehlela, umkhuhlane, okanye ukukhwehlela.

Ukuba usempilweni ngokubanzi, uninzi lwabantu luziva luphilile ngokwaneleyo ukuba lubuyele kwimisebenzi yalo yangaphambili kwisithuba seveki. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha ukuya kwinyanga ukuba luphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Thetha nogqirha wakho, ingakumbi ukuba sele ugula, unesinye isifo esingapheliyo, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha ezifana nezi, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukutshintsha kwesifiso sokudla (ukuziva ngathi ungatyi kakhulu).

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Kwimeko enjalo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ukuba uziva ufuthanisekile nangona umile nje.
• Kulungile ukuba unentlungu entsha esifubeni okanye ukuba intlungu ekhoyo iba mandundu.
• Ukuba uziva udidekile okanye awukwazi ukucinga kakuhle.

Ngaba ungayifumana i-pneumonia ngaphandle komkhuhlane?

Ewe, nangona i-pneumonia idla ngokuhamba nomkhuhlane, kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu abe ne-pneumonia nokuba une-fever ephantsi okanye engekho . Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu aba:

• Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala (ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci).
• Kwabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Ingaba kukho umahluko kwindlela ephathwa ngayo i-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci?

Akukho mahluko mkhulu kwindlela ephathwa ngayo i-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu yi-pneumonia kwaye banamathuba amaninzi okulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze bafumane unyango kunabantu abadala.

Ngenxa yokuba i-pneumonia inezizathu ezininzi kwaye iimpawu zahlukile, kunokuba yinto edidayo ukucinga ngayo. Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa uzibuza ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyinto enzulu ngakumbi na. Akufanele uzityeshele iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, i-phlegm enegazi okanye enemibala engaqhelekanga, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. Umzimba wakho ukuxelela ukuba kukho into engalunganga, ngoko ungalibazisi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Isifo semiphunga sisifo esinokuba sibi ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa ngokuqaphela ngokufanelekileyo nangokufumana unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo, unokuchacha kakuhle . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona iimpawu uze ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneengxaki.

• Ukuthintela kungcono: gonya, landela imikhwa esempilweni.
• Qaphela iimpawu: ingakumbi umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho: Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe, ixesha lonke.
• Ukuphumla kubalulekile: Nika umzimba wakho ixesha lokuphola.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga ne-pneumonia, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha. Baza kukunceda.