Ingaba imiphunga yakho ivuvukile? Oku kusenokuba yi-pneumonia!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya? Okanye uziva uziva ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbi uqale nje ngokubanda, kodwa usenengxaki yokuphefumla? Ukuba kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"pneumonitis", esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-pneumonia? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonitis yimeko apho iingxowa zomoya ezincinci (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli) ezikwimiphunga yakho zivuvukala, okanye zidumbe, ngenxa yesinye isizathu, endaweni yosulelo . Cinga ngayo, njengokuba xa sifumana imivumbo, into efana nale inokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yethu. Oku kuvutha kunokukwenza kube nzima ukuba uphefumle kakuhle, kwaye kunokubangela nezinye iingxaki emzimbeni wakho.

Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-pneumonia:

• Imeko ebukhali: Kule meko, ukudumba kwenzeka ngequbuliso kwaye kuphele emva kwexesha elifutshane.
• Isigaba se-Subacute: Apha, ukudumba kukhula kancinci kancinci.
• Imeko engapheliyo: Oku kuyingozi ngakumbi. Ukudumba kuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye kusenokuba yinto engapheliyo.

Ngaba i-pneumonia yimeko eyingozi?

Ewe, i-pneumonia yimeko ekufuneka ithathwe nzulu . Kuba ukuhlala ixesha elide ujongene nezinto ezibangela oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade emiphungeni yakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele oku kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana iimpawu.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-pneumonia?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pneumonia kuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili:

• I-Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis: Oku kuqala ngequbuliso kwaye iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Oogqirha abakayazi imbangela echanekileyo.
• I-Chemical Pneumonitis: Oku kubangelwa kukuphefumla iikhemikhali (`(iinhalants)`) esizisebenzisa yonke imihla, okanye esizibona kwindawo yokusebenza. Umzekelo, iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwezinye iimvavanyo, igesi yekhlorine, izibulali-zinambuzane, ipetroli, kunye nomsi.
• I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Oku kufana ne-allergy. Ibangelwa kukuphefumla ii-antigens, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya, uthuli, isikhunta, kunye namasuntswana amancinci (i-dander) avela kulusu lwesilwanyana, uboya, okanye iintsiba.
• I-Radiation Pneumonitis:Le meko inokwenzeka emva konyango lwe-radiation lomhlaza.

Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu ze-pneumonitis zinokufana nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (Dyspnea). Usenokuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukukhohlela okomileyo okungenamthungo.

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala:

• Ukudinwa.
• Ifiva.
• Ubomvu besikhumba.
• Ukubila.

Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ye -pneumonia engapheliyo, iimpawu ezinjalo zinokubonakala:

• Ukuphefumla okufutshane nokunganzulu.
• Ukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iCyanosis). Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba ungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngengozi.

Zithini izizathu ze-pneumonia?

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela i-pneumonia. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo:

• Izilwanyana: Ii-allergens ezifumaneka kuboya bezilwanyana, kwiintsiba, naselusu zinokubangela ukudumba kwemiphunga. Abantu abasebenza kwiifama, kunye noogqirha bezilwanyana kunye nabagcini bezilwanyana, basengozini.
• Iintsholongwane: Ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, ingakumbi ezo zifumaneka kwiindawo apho umswakama uqokelelana khona, njengeenkqubo zomoya opholileyo, izinto zokufumisa umoya, kunye neebhafu ezishushu, zinokukhula zize zingene emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo.
• Amayeza kunye namayeza: Amanye amayeza anokubangela oku. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-aspirin, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (umz., i-sulfonamides, i-nitrofurantoin), amanye amayeza entliziyo (umz., i-amiodarone), kunye namayeza e-chemotherapy.
• Iimbotyi: Le meko inokubangelwa kukuphefumla iimbotyi ezikhula kwizinto ezifana nengca, iinkozo ezomileyo, itshizi, amakhowa, kunye nemithi yomoba. Ezi mbotyi zinokufumaneka kwizindlu ezindala, ezifumileyo nakwiindawo apho iincwadi ziqokelelwa khona.
• Unyango lweMisebe: Le meko inokwenzeka emva kokuba unyango lweMisebe lunikwe umzimba wonke okanye indawo yesifuba ngexesha lonyango lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ezifana nomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Ingaba le pneumonia iyosulela?

Hayi, i-pneumonia ayisosifo esosulelayo . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya ezibangela oku zinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukudumba okwenzeka emiphungeni akusuleli.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana isifo se-pneumonia?

Nabani na unokufumana i-pneumonia, kodwa usemngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba usebenza kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana (abalimi, oogqirha bezilwanyana, abagcini bezilwanyana, abathengisi bezilwanyana zasekhaya).
• Abantu abasebenza kwiifama eziphatha izibulali-zinambuzane okanye iinkozo ezibolileyo kunye nengca.
• Abantu abasebenza kwiindawo zokugaya umgubo, iifektri zephepha, kunye neendawo zokusika amaplanga.

Kwakhona, ukuba usebenzisa isixhobo sokufumisa umswakama ekhaya okanye uchitha ixesha kwiibhafu ezishushu, ukuba azicocwanga kakuhle, ukungunda kunye neebhaktheriya zinokukhula kwaye ukuphefumla umphunga ovela kuzo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-pneumonia.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-pneumonitis?

Ukuchanabeka ixesha elide kwizizathu ze-pneumonia kunokukhokelela kumonakalo omkhulu nongenakulungiseka emaphaphu . Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• I-Pulmonary Fibrosis: Le yimeko apho imiphunga iba namanxeba ize ikhule kancinci kancinci. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla kwaye kunokukhokelela ekufeni.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimiphunga: Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwegazi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) kwimithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi esezantsi) ethwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni yakho ukuya emiphungeni yakho lusanda.

Khumbula: Ezi ngxaki zinokuba yingozi ebomini, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufumanisa nokunyanga esi sifo kwangethuba.

Ifunyanwa njani i-pneumonia?

Ugqirha unokuxilonga i-pneumonitis. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, athathe imbali yakho yezonyango, aze amamele imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope (`(auscultation)`). Ukongeza, banokwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Ukuqinisekisa i-pneumonia, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweGazi lokunganyamezelani: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho ize ivavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingaba iyasabela na kwizinto ezithile ezibangela ukunganyamezelani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Unikwa i-sedative kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esincinci nesiguquguqukayo (i-bronchoscope) esinekhamera ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukuze kuhlolwe imiphunga yakho.
• Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso: Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Kungenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan.
• I-Lung Biopsy: Inkqubo yotyando lokususa iisampuli ezincinci zezicubu emiphungeni ukuze zihlolwe.
• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga: Olu lulinganisa inani lokuphefumla okuthathayo ngomzuzu (isantya sokuphefumla), ubungakanani bomoya ongena nophuma emiphungeni yakho.
• I-Pulse Oximetry (i-Pulse Ox):Isixhobo esincinci esinamathela emnweni wakho silinganisa ubungakanani beoksijini egazini lakho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-pneumonia?

Ukuba une-pneumonia, unyango olungcono kukuhlala kude nezinto ezibangela oko . Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza okanye unyango olufana nolu:

• Ii-Corticosteroids okanye ii-immunosuppressants: La mayeza anciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni. Umzekelo, amayeza anjenge-`(prednisone)`, `(mycophenolate)`, okanye `(azathioprine)` anokunikwa.
• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane: La anciphisa ukwakheka kwamanxeba emiphungeni. Amayeza afana ne-`(pirfenidone)` okanye `(nintedanib)` anokunikwa.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Kule nto, usebenzisana nogqirha ukwenza inkqubo yokuzilolonga ukuze wonyuse amandla emiphunga yakho.
• Unyango lwe-oksijini: Oku kunceda ekunikeni i-oksijini emzimbeni xa ukuphefumla kunzima. I-oksijini inganikwa ngamaxesha onke, okanye ngamaxesha athile kuphela, njengaxa uzilolonga okanye xa ulele.
• Ukufakelwa Kwemiphunga: Ukuba i-pneumonitis iba mandundu ize ifikelele kwiimeko ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis, oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba kususwe enye okanye zombini imiphunga eyonakeleyo kwaye kufakwe umphunga ophilileyo.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisizathu se-pneumonia yakho kunye nokuba inzima kangakanani. Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba imiphunga yakho iphole. Kwezinye iimeko, umonakalo kwimiphunga yakho unokuba ngowonaphakade .

Ngaba i-Pneumonitis ingathintelwa?

Ewe, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-pneumonia kukuzigcina kude nezinto ezibangela ukudumba kwemiphunga kangangoko kunokwenzeka . Ukuba kufuneka uzive uchaphazelekile zizinto ezinjalo, ungenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE) , ingakumbi imaski yohlobo lwe-N95, ukuthintela ukuphefumla amasuntswana ayingozi emoyeni.
• Coca kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwizinto ezifana neenkqubo zomoya opholileyo, iibhafu ezishushu, kunye nezinto zokufumisa rhoqo .
• Coca iikhaphethi neekhaphethi rhoqo nge-vacuum cleaner ukuze ususe uthuli kunye noboya bezilwanyana.
• Ukusebenzisa isihluzi somoya esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (i-HEPA) ekhaya kunokunceda ukususa izinto ezibangela i-allergen emoyeni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-pneumonia?

Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-pneumonitis inokuguqulwa kakhulu. Ukuba une-pneumonitis ebukhali, iimpawu zakho zinokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ususe unobangela kwindawo okuyo.

Izigulo ezingaphantsi kolusu zihlala zibangelwa kukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi ezinto eziyingozi. Iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi kwaye zifuna unyango.

Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo obangelwa yi-chronic pneumonitis uhlala uhleli . Nangona kunjalo, amayeza kunye nonyango lunokunciphisa ubukhali beempawu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwePneumonitis kunye nePneumonia?

Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini:

• I-Pneumonitis: Oku kukudumba kwezicubu zemiphunga ngaphandle kosulelo . Oku kudumba kuchaphazela udonga lwe-alveoli, kodwa akukho kuqokelelana kolwelo okanye ubomvu. I-Pneumonitis ibangela ukukhwehlela okomileyo .
• I-Pneumonia: Olu luhlobo lwe-bacterial, viral, okanye fungal virus emiphungeni. Olu luhlobo lwe-pneumonitis, kodwa kule meko, kunye nokudumba, ulwelo okanye ubomvu buqokelelana kwizicubu zemiphunga. Oku kunokubangela ukukhwehlela okuvelisa i-phlegm etyheli, eluhlaza, okanye enegazi (ukukhwehlela okumanzi) .

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Pneumonitis kukudumba kwezicubu zemiphunga. Ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide zizinto ezibangela oku kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa kuvela iimpawu . Oku kunokuthintela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo, amisele ubukhali bemeko yakho, aze akuncede ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho kwaye kube lula ukuphefumla.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba une-pneumonia, ungalibali ukuziphepha izinto ezibangela oko, usele amayeza amiselweyo, kwaye wenze umthambo wokuphefumla njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela. Buza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto:

• Kutheni ndibe nesifo se-pneumonia?
• Ngaba ndine-acute okanye i-chronic?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuhlala kude nezinto ezibangela oko?
• Ingaba imiphunga yam yonakele ngonaphakade?
• Ucebisa uhlobo luni lweyeza?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndizive ngcono?
• Ndiza kubuya nini ukuze ndifumane uvavanyo?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha wezifo zamaphaphu?

Ukuba uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla, yiya esibhedlele esikufutshane okanye utsalele umnxeba inombolo yongxamiseko ngokukhawuleza .

I- Pneumonitis, i-Pneumonitis, Ukudumba kwemiphunga, Ubunzima bokuphefumla, Isifo sokuphefumla, ii-Allergy, Isifo semiphunga