Ngaba nawe uziva ulusizi kwaye uxhalabile emva kokuba nomntwana? Masithethe nge-Postpartum Depression

Ukuba nomntwana lutshintsho olukhulu ebomini bakho. Nangona ukuba ngumama okanye utata kuyinto emangalisayo, kunokuba nzima kwaye kube nzima ngamanye amaxesha. Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kunye namathandabuzo, ingakumbi ukuba kungokokuqala. Kodwa ukuba uhlala uziva uxinezelekile, unesizungu, unomsindo, okanye ulila ngaphandle kwesizathu, usenokuba unesifo sokudakumba emva kokuzalwa.

Yintoni iPPD (Postpartum Depression)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, ukudakumba emva kokubeleka, okanye iPPD njengoko siyibiza njalo, yimeko yokudakumba eyenzeka emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Oku kunokuchaphazela kungekuphela nje umama ozele umntwana, kodwa nabazali abamthathayo. Emva kokuba nomntwana, umzimba wethu udlula kutshintsho olukhulu kwiihomoni, kunye notshintsho oluninzi ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwengqondo, ngokwezoqoqosho, nakubudlelwane bezentlalo. Zonke ezi zinto zinokukhokelela kwiPPD.

Ukuba une-PPD, ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa . Asikuko ityala lakho. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, kukho uncedo olufumanekayo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule iimpawu zakho aze akubuyisele endleleni.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale meko?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokudakumba emva kokubeleka:

1. I-Baby Blues

Le yinto yokuqala eyenzeka koomama abaninzi emva kokuba nomntwana. Phakathi kwama-50% nama-75% oomama banengxaki yokudakumba komntwana . Ukuba unale meko, usenokuba nengxaki yokulila, usizi, kwanokukhathazeka ngezinto ezincinci. Idla ngokuqala kwiveki yokuqala (usuku lokuqala ukuya kwelesine) emva kokuba nomntwana. Nangona le meko ingakhululeki, idla ngokuphela ngaphandle konyango emva kweeveki ezimbini . Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza ngeli xesha kukucela uncedo kumyeni wakho, kusapho nakubahlobo bakho.

2. Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka (PPD)

Le yimeko enzima kakhulu kune-baby blues. Malunga no-1 kwaba-7 oomama abatsha baya kuba ne-PPD. Ukuba ukhe waba ne-PPD ngaphambili, umngcipheko wakho uyanda malunga ne-30% ngokukhulelwa kwakho okulandelayo. Ngeli xesha, ungaziva wonwabile ngequbuliso, uze uzive ulusizi ngequbuliso, ukhale kakhulu, ucaphuke lula, kwaye uzive udiniwe. Ungaziva udanile ngawe, woyike yonke into ngokungeyomfuneko, kwaye uzive ngathi awukwazi ukunyamekela usana lwakho okanye wena. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo rhoqo. Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kwiveki emva kokufumana umntwana, okanye zinokubonakala kancinci kancinci, ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka kamva. Nangona iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi,Oku kunokunyangeka ngempumelelo nge-psychotherapy okanye amayeza okudakumba.

3. Ingqondo Yasemva Kokubeleka

Le yeyona meko inzima kakhulu kwezi zintathu kwaye ifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo . Nangona kunjalo, ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Malunga nomnye kumama abali-1,000 abaye babeleka banesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Postpartum Psychosis. Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala emva nje kokubeleka, kwaye zinzima kakhulu. Ezi mpawu zinokuthatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Iimpawu ziquka ukungazinzi kakhulu, ukudideka, ukuphelelwa lithemba, iintloni, ukungalali, i-paranoia, ukubona/ukuva izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani (Ukudideka okanye iiHallucinations), ukusebenza kakhulu, ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-mania. Le meko ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kuba kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuzilimaza wena okanye umntwana wakho . Unyango luhlala lubandakanya ukulaliswa esibhedlele, unyango lwengqondo, kunye namayeza.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-PPD ayiqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Malunga nama-75% oomama bafumana i-baby blues emva kokuba nomntwana. Malunga ne-15% yaba bafazi banokuba ne-PPD. Imeko embi kakhulu endiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, i-postpartum psychosis, ichaphazela kuphela malunga no-1 kwi-1,000 oomama.

Ndingaqiniseka njani ukuba ndine-baby blues okanye i-PPD?

Kuqhelekile ukuba ne-baby blues emva kokuba nomntwana. Iimpawu ze-baby blues kunye ne-PPD ziyafana kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-baby blues zihlala ziphela emva kweentsuku ezili-10, kwaye azibi zimbi kangako . Kwi-PPD, iimpawu zinokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga, kwaye zinzima ngakumbi.

Ukuba unazo ezi zinto, isenokuba yingxaki yosana:

• Ukulila ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Yonke into ivakala inzima.
• Ndinomdla wokutya.
• Andikwazi ukulala kakuhle.
• Ngequbuliso, ulahlekelwa luvuyo lwakho kwaye uzive ulusizi kwaye unomsindo (utshintsho lweemvakalelo).

Kodwa khumbula, akukubi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngeempawu zakho. Nguye onokugqiba ukuba uyalufuna na unyango okanye awulufuni.

I-PPD inokuhlala ixesha elingakanani?

I-PPD inokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka emva kokuba umntwana wakho ezelwe . Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba ufanele uzive "uphilile" kunyaka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neempawu zakho kunye nonyango. Thetha inyaniso malunga nendlela oziva ngayo. Cinga ngendlela oziva ngayo ngoku xa kuthelekiswa nexesha owaqala ngalo ukuba nezi mpawu. Ngaleyo ndlela, banokuqhubeka nokunyanga iimpawu zakho kangangoko banako.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-PPD?

Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-PPD:

• Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba noxinzelelo, i-PPD, okanye i-premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
• Inkxaso yoluntu encinci.
• Ukuba kukho iingxaki emtshatweni okanye kubudlelwane bakho (ingxabano yomtshato okanye yobudlelwane).
• Ukuba ubunokungabaza okanye ungathandi malunga nokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba ubuneengxaki zokukhulelwa ezifana neengxaki zempilo, ubunzima bokuzala, okanye ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, okanye ukuba ungumama ongatshatanga.
• Ukuba unomntwana oneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, okanye ukuba unomntwana okhala rhoqo.

Zithini iimpawu zePPD?

Usenokuziva uneentloni ngeempawu zakho, okanye ucinge ukuba, "Ndingumama ombi" kuba uziva ezi zinto. Kodwa i-PPD yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu . Awuwedwa oziva ezi mvakalelo, kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba ungumntu ombi.

Ukuba uneempawu ezininzi kwezi zilandelayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yi-PPD:

• Uziva ulusizi, uziva ungento yanto, uziva uphelelwe lithemba, uziva unetyala.
• Ndiziva ndixhalabile ngokungeyomfuneko ngayo yonke into, kwaye intliziyo yam ihlala ibetha ngamandla.
• Andisenamdla kwizinto nezinto endandizithanda ngaphambili.
• Tshintsha ukutya, ungatyi kakuhle.
• Ndivakalelwa kukuba umzimba wam awunamandla, andifuni kwenza nto.
• Andikwazi ukulala kakuhle, okanye ndiziva ngathi ndilala imini yonke.
• Ukulila ngaphandle kwesizathu, okanye ngokugqithisileyo.
• Kunzima ukucinga nokugxila.
• Ndikhe ndacinga ngokuphelisa ubomi bam, okanye ndikhe ndacinga, "Ndingathanda ukuba ndifile."
• Akukho mdla kumntwana, kwaye ndiziva ndoyika kwaye ndingakhululekanga xa ndikunye nomntwana.
• Kuvela iimvakalelo ezifana nokulimaza umntwana, okanye "Andimfuni lo mntwana".

Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-PPD, bona ugqirha wakho (ugqirha wezifo zokubelekisa, umboneleli wezempilo yengqondo okanye umboneleli wezempilo yengqondo) ngoko nangoko . Ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho naye angakunceda.

Yintoni ebangela i-PPD?

Unxibelelwano phakathi kokwehla ngesiquphe kwamanqanaba eehomoni emva kokubeletha kunye nokudakumba lusaphandwa. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, amanqanaba eehomoni i-estrogen kunye ne-progesterone anda ngokuphindwe kalishumi, kodwa la manqanaba ehla kakhulu emva kokubeletha. Kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokubeletha, la manqanaba eehomoni abuyela kumanqanaba angaphambi kokukhulelwa.

Ukongeza kolu tshintsho lweekhemikhali, utshintsho lwentlalo nolwengqondo oluza nomntwana lunokwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-PPD. Umzekelo, utshintsho emzimbeni wakho, ukungalali kakuhle, ukukhathazeka ngendlela yokukhulisa umntwana wakho, kunye notshintsho kulwalamano lwakho nosapho.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda uxelele ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

* Uziva ngathi uza kuzenzakalisa, okanye uziva ngathi uza kumenzakalisa umntwana.

* Ukuhlala ucinga ngokufa okanye ukucinga ngokuzibulala.

* Njengeeveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, ndiziva ndibuhlungu phantse imini yonke.

* Iimvakalelo zoloyiko, ukuziva unetyala, ukuphelelwa lithemba, ixhala, kunye nokungabi nakuzinceda.

* Ubunzima bokucinga, ukugxila, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

* Njengakwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo, andinamdla kwinto endandiyithanda ukuyenza uninzi lwemini.

Ngaba iPPD ingamchaphazela umntwana wam?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. I-PPD inokuchaphazela nomntwana wakho . Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufumana unyango kuwe nakumntwana wakho.

Uphando lufumanise ukuba i-PPD inokuba neziphumo ezilandelayo kumntwana:

• Unengxaki yokwakha ubudlelwane obuhle nomntwana wakho.
• Umntwana wakho usenokuba neengxaki zokuziphatha okanye zokufunda.
• Usenokuphoswa ziintlanganiso zogqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho.
• Umntwana wakho usenokuba neengxaki zokutya nokulala.
• Umntwana wakho usengozini enkulu yokutyeba kakhulu okanye ukuphazamiseka kokukhula.
• Usenokungayikhathaleli indlela umntwana wakho anyanyekelwa ngayo, okanye usenokungazi ukuba umntwana wakho ugula nini.
• Izakhono zomntwana wakho zentlalo zinokuncipha.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-PPD?

Akukho vavanyo luthile lokufumanisa i-PPD. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola ngexesha lotyelelo lwakho emva kokuzalwa. Oku kungabandakanya ukuphononongwa kwembali yakho yempilo, indlela ozive ngayo emva kokuba nomntwana wakho, uvavanyo lomzimba, uvavanyo lwe-pelvic, kunye novavanyo lwelebhu. Oogqirha abaninzi baya kucwangcisa utyelelo olwahlukileyo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokubeleka ukuze bahlolwe uxinezeleko. Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane uncedo oludingayo ngokukhawuleza.

Banokwenza uvavanyo lokudakumba, okanye bakubuze uthotho lwemibuzo ukuze bavavanye ukuba unayo na i-PPD. Baza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nendlela oziva ngayo kunye nendlela umntwana wakho aphila ngayo. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngokunyanisekileyo malunga neemvakalelo zakho kunye neengcinga zakho . Emva koko banokubona ukuba iimvakalelo zakho ziqhelekile okanye ziimpawu ze-PPD.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha unokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi, njengoko iimpawu zezinye izifo ze-thyroid zinokufana nezo ze-PPD.

Khumbula, ugqirha wakho ukho ukukunceda, ukuqinisekisa ukuba usempilweni. Ngoko ke musa ukufihla nantoni na, xela yonke into ngokunyaniseka. Akukho mntu ukugwebayo, kwaye awuwedwa onezi mvakalelo.

Oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa iphepha lemibuzo elibizwa ngokuba yi -Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ukuze bafumanise i-PPD. Linemibuzo eli-10 malunga neempawu zokudakumba, ezifana nokuziva ulusizi, uloyiko, kunye netyala. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe impendulo echaza ngcono indlela ozive ngayo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe ezidlulileyo. Okukhona amanqaku aphezulu, kokukhona amathuba okuba ne-PPD aphezulu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-PPD?

Unyango lwe-PPD luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobukhali beempawu zakho. Iindlela zonyango ziquka amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo okanye ukudakumba, unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha okanye unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo), kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela enkxaso.

Eyona meko inzima endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili (iPostpartum Psychosis) inyangwa ngamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudakumba, ixhala, kunye nesifo sengqondo. Ungangeniswa kwiziko lonyango iintsuku ezimbalwa de imeko yakho izinze. Ukuba olu nyango aluncedi, unyango lwe-electroconvulsive (ECT) lunokusebenza.

Ukuba uncancisa, musa ukucinga ukuba awunakusela amayeza okudakumba, ixhala, okanye ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo . Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo.

Iindidi zamayeza anokuselwa i-PPD

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okudakumba ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zePPD. La mayeza anceda ukulinganisela iikhemikhali ezikwingqondo yakho ezichaphazela indlela ovakalelwa ngayo.

Ukuba uncancisa, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengenelo kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa iyeza lokudakumba. Amayeza anokungena kubisi lwakho lwebele. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani obudlulayo budla ngokuba buncinci kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lweyeza lokudakumba luthathwa njengolukhuselekileyo. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ukhethe amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nokuba uyancancisa na.

Ezinye zezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-PPD zezi:

• IiSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) ezifana neSertraline (Zoloft®) kunye neFluoxetine (Prozac®)
• I-Serotonin kunye ne-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (ii-SNRI), ezifana neDuloxetine (iCymbalta®) kunye neDesvenlafaxine (iPristiq®)
• I-Bupropion (i-Bupropion - i-Wellbutrin® okanye i-Zyban®)
• IiTricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) ezifana neAmitriptyline (Elavil®) okanye i-Imipramine (Tofranil®)

Khumbula ukuba kuthatha ubuncinane iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine ukuba amayeza okudakumba aqale ukusebenza. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uyeke amayeza. Ukuyeka amayeza ngequbuliso kunokubangela ukuba iimpawu zakho zibuye. Oogqirha abaninzi bacebisa ukunciphisa umthamo kancinci kancinci ngaphambi kokuba uyeke ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa i-PPD ngelixa usesibhedlele, unokukunika iyeza le-IV eliqulethe i-brexanolone.

Yintoni ekuncedayo ukuba uphile ngempumelelo ne-PPD?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile yiyo yonke into. Ukuba ngumzali kuyinto evuyisayo nebuhlungu, kwaye ukukhulisa umntwana akulula. Ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo, awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uphile ngempumelelo nge-PPD:

• Fumana umntu onokuthetha naye — ingaba yingcali yezonyango, umhlobo, ilungu losapho, okanye umntu oza kukuphulaphula aze akuncede.
• Joyina iqela lenkxaso labazali abatsha.
• Zama ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwaye ufumane ixesha lokuzilolonga.
• Zinike ixesha lokuphumla elibalulekileyo.
• Phuma nabahlobo, okanye ubatsalele umnxeba.
• Yenza izinto ozithandayo (ukufunda iincwadi, ezinye izinto ozithandayo), kwaye ufumane ixesha lakho (ukuzinyamekela).
• Cela uncedo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-PPD ayinyangwa?

I-PPD enganyangwayo iyingozi kuwe, kusana lwakho, nakubantu obathandayo . Inokubangela izinto ezinje:

• Ndivakalelwa kukuba andinamandla.
• Kusoloko kukho ukungazoli nomsindo entliziyweni yam.
• Uziva ngathi awukwazi ukunyamekela umntwana.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila nokwenza izigqibo.
• Uziva ngathi uza kuzenzakalisa.

Ngaba i-PPD inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ngoncedo lobuchwephesha, phantse wonke umntu onengxaki ye-PPD unokoyisa iimpawu zakhe.

Ngaba i-PPD ingathintelwa?

Akunakwenzeka ukuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-PPD. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba luncedo ukwazi iimpawu ezilumkisayo kunye nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezinokunceda ukuthintela i-PPD:

• Yiba nengqiqo ngoko kulindelekileyo kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
• Nciphisa inani leendwendwe onazo kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuba ubuyile ekhaya.
• Cela uncedo — xelela abanye indlela abanokunceda ngayo.
• Xa umntwana elele, nawe ulala, okanye uphumle.
• Ukuzilolonga — hambahamba, phuma endlwini uye kuphumla.
• Hlala unxibelelene nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo bakho — ungabi wedwa.
• Gcina ubudlelwane obuhle neqabane lakho — zinikeni ixesha lokuba kunye.
• Lindela ukuba ezinye iintsuku ziya kuba zilungile, ezinye ziya kuba zimbi.

Kunini apho kufuneka khona ukufumana ingcebiso yezonyango?

Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango kwiimeko ezinjalo:

• Ukuba iimpawu zihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini.
• Ukuba uziva ngathi awukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo okanye ukumelana nezinto zemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba uziva ufuna ukuzilimaza okanye ukonzakalisa umntwana wakho.
• Ukuba uziva usoyika kakhulu, uxhalabile, kwaye ungenakunceda phantse imini yonke.

Ukuba ufuna uncedo olungxamisekileyo, okanye ukuba uziva ufuna ukuzilimaza okanye ukwenzakalisa omnye umntu, yiya kwisibhedlele esikufutshane okanye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ungafowunela neNational Mental Health Helpline ku-1926 ukuze ufumane uncedo lwempilo yengqondo eSri Lanka.

Ngaba ootata nabo bafumana i-PPD?

Ewe, bobabini oomama nootata banokufumana iimpawu ze-PPD. Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ukuba wena neqabane lakho nifumana iimpawu zokudakumba okanye ixhala emva kokuzisa umntwana ekhaya. Kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-4% yootata bafumana ukudakumba kunyaka wokuqala wokufumana umntwana.

Singamnceda njani umntu one-PPD?

Abantu abane-PPD badinga inkxaso eninzi. Nazi ezinye iindlela onokunceda ngazo:

• Qaphela iimpawu zokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba, kwaye ukhuthaze umhlobo okanye iqabane lakho ukuba lifune uncedo lwezonyango.
• Yiba ngumphulaphuli olungileyo. Benze bazive ngathi uyamamela oko bakuthethayo kwaye ukulungele ukunceda.
• Zinikele ukunceda ngemisebenzi yasekhaya nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Zinikele ekuncedeni ekunyamekeleni umntwana ngelixa elele kwaye ephumle.
• Bakhuthaze ukuba bafune uncedo kugqirha wengqondo okanye komnye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .
• Bancede benze idinga nogqirha, okanye ucele ukuhamba nabo ukuze bafumane inkxaso.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba

I-PPD yimeko eqhelekileyo yempilo yengqondo echaphazela malunga noomama omnye kwabasi-7 emva kokuba nomntwana. Asikuko ityala lakho, kwaye awuzange wenze nto ukuyibangela . Ayikwenzi ube ngumzali ombi okanye umntu ombi. Izinto zebhayoloji, zomzimba, kunye neekhemikhali ezibangela i-PPD zingaphaya kwamandla akho. Iimvakalelo zosizi okanye ukungabi naxabiso, ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwizinto obukade uzonwabela, ukukhala kakhulu, kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo ngequbuliso kunokuba ziimpawu ze-PPD. Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-PPD, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunceda ufumane eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulawula iimpawu zakho. Ukunika iingcebiso, amayeza, okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso kunokunceda. Khumbula, awuwedwa, kukho uncedo.

Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka, i-PPD, ukudakumba komntwana, impilo yengqondo, intlungu kamama, emva kokubeleka, uxinzelelo