Ingaba ungumama ozayo? Okanye uceba ukuba ngumama kungekudala? Ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngovavanyo oluthile oluya kukunceda ufunde ngakumbi ngempilo yakho kunye nosana lwakho olungekazalwa. Olu luvavanyo esilubiza ngokuba ' luvavanyo lwemfuza'. Uninzi lolu vavanyo alunyanzelekanga, kodwa ulwazi abalunikayo lunokuba luncedo olukhulu ekucwangciseni ikamva lakho kunye nosapho lwakho.
Ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: Uvavanyo lweGenetic Carrier
Ngamafutshane, masiqale sijonge ukuba ngubani 'othwala'. Khawuthelekelele ukuba une-gene yesifo esithile kwi-gene yakho, kodwa awunaso eso sifo. Emva koko ubizwa ngokuba 'ngumthwali'. Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela ukuba wena neqabane lakho ninayo na i-gene yesifo esithile, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni amathuba okuba umntwana wakho ayifumane loo gene.
Nangona olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kungcono kakhulu ukulwenza ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi okanye isampuli yamathe kuwe ukuze enze olu vavanyo. Kukho iimeko ezininzi eziphambili ezihlala zihlolwa ngolu vavanyo.
| Iimeko eziphambili zemfuza ezivavanyiweyo |
|---|
| Icystic fibrosis |
| Isifo seFragile X |
| Isifo seSickle Cell |
| Isifo sikaTay-Sachs |
| Ukuwohloka kweMisipha yoMgogodla |
Abantu beentlanga ezithile banokuba ngabathwali bezifo ezithile. Umzekelo, abantu baseAfrika, baseMeditera nabase-Mzantsi-mpuma Asia banokuba ngabathwali besifo se-sickle cell. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi imbali yosapho lwakho.Ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ugqibe ukuba uyalufuna na olu hlobo lovavanyo.
Uvavanyo ngexesha le-trimester yokuqala (kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-3) zokukhulelwa
Wakuba ukhulelwe, kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokukunceda ufumane iingozi zempilo yomntwana wakho. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizilingo zokuhlola . Zijonga kuphela ukuba 'usemngciphekweni' wesifo esithile.
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yosana olungenaseli: Okumangalisayo kukuba, igazi lakho liqulathe ubungakanani obuncinci be-DNA yosana lwakho. Ngoko ke, malunga neeveki ezili-10 ukhulelwe, isampuli yegazi ethathwe kuwe ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-DNA yosana lwakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba usemngciphekweni weemeko ezithile (umz., i-Down syndrome, i-trisomy 18, i-trisomy 13).
- Uvavanyo olulandelelanayo kunye novavanyo oludibeneyo: Zombini ezi ndlela zidibanisa i-ultrasound scan kunye novavanyo lwegazi ukujonga i-Down syndrome, i-trisomy 18, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinokuchaphazela ingqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo. Ezi vavanyo ziqalwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-13 .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi zizilingo zokuhlola kuphela. Ukuba zibonisa ukuba kukho ingxaki, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze ayiqinisekise.
Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwikota yesibini (phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3-6)
Kukho iimvavanyo ezibalulekileyo ezininzi kweli nqanaba lokukhulelwa.
- Uvavanyo lwe-serum quad yomama: Olu luvavanyo lwegazi. Lulinganisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeproteni egazini lakho ukuze kubonwe ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni we -Down syndrome , i-trisomy 18, okanye iingxaki zobuchopho nomgogodla. Oku kungenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-21 .
- I-Ultrasound Scan eneenkcukacha (i-Anomaly Scan): Le scan, eyenziwa malunga neeveki ezingama-20, mhlawumbi iqhelekile kubantu abaninzi. Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukuhlola amalungu omzimba omntwana. Iyakwazi ukubona iziphene zokuzalwa ezifana neengxaki zentliziyo, iingxaki zezintso, kunye ne-cleft palate.
Uvavanyo lokuxilonga: i-Amniocentesis kunye ne-CVS
Ukuba uvavanyo lokuhlola lubonisa ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni, olu luvavanyo olwenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni nge-100% . Olu vavanyo luchaneke ngakumbi kunovavanyo lokuhlola. Olu lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokuxilonga.
Zombini ezi mvavanyo zichaneke ngaphezu kwama-99%.
Olu vavanyo lunokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iimeko zemfuza ezifana neDown syndrome. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu owenza olu vavanyo. Kuba, nangona luncinci kakhulu, kukho umngcipheko wokuphuphuma kwesisu ngolu vavanyo. Ke ngoko, ugqirha ucebisa oku kuphela ukuba uvavanyo lovavanyo lubonisa umngcipheko, okanye ukuba ufuna uvavanyo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi.
| Uvavanyo | Indlela yokwenza oko kwaye nini |
|---|---|
| Isampuli yeChorionic Villus (CVS) | Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lethishu kwi-placenta esibelekweni. Oku kwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-13 . |
| I-Amniocentesis | Intwana encinci ye-amniotic fluid ikhutshwa ngesisu sakho kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci. Oku kukhuselekileyo kwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 nezingama-20 . |
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ngolu hlobo lovavanyo, akuthethi ukuba kukho ingxaki ngomntwana wakho. Kuthetha nje ukuba kufuneka aqinisekise iziphumo zovavanyo lwangaphambili lokuhlolwa. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngononophelo, uqonde izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kwaye wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uninzi lwezi vavanyo zofuzo luvavanyo oluzikhethelayo, alunyanzelekanga, onokukhetha kulo.
- Uvavanyo lokuhlola (umz. i-DNA engenaseli, i-Quad screen) lubonisa kuphela umngcipheko wesifo, ngelixa uvavanyo lokuchonga (umz. i-Amniocentesis, i-CVS) luqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo isifo.
- Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuhlolwa ziyingozi, akuthethi ukuba umntwana wakho ngokuqinisekileyo unengxaki. Yisizathu nje sokufuna olunye uvavanyo.
- Uvavanyo ngalunye luneengenelo, iingxaki kunye neengozi ezizodwa. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze isigqibo esinolwazi.
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