Ngubani ugqirha wengqondo? Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha weva ngogqirha wengqondo? Usenokucinga ukuba ngabantu abaneengxaki zempilo yengqondo kuphela abafanele baye kugqirha wengqondo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ngubani kanye kanye ugqirha wengqondo, benza ntoni, kwaye loluphi uhlobo loncedo abanokulunika.

Ngubani lo gqirha wengqondo?

Ngamafutshane, ugqirha wengqondo ngugqirha onezidanga zobugqirha . Ugxile kwicandelo lezonyango zengqondo. Eli candelo ligxile kakhulu ekuxilongeni, ekunyangeni, nasekuncedeni ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha . Bajonga impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nayo nayiphi na imiba yomzimba enxulumene nayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezengqondo kunye nengcali yezengqondo?

Le yinto abantu abaninzi abadideka ngayo. Kulungile, cinga ngayo ngale ndlela. Ingcali yezengqondo ngugqirha. Oko kuthetha ukuba banokuxilonga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, banike amayeza, kwaye banikezele ngolunye unyango.

Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yezengqondo idla ngokuba ngumntu onePhD. Badla ngokwenza uphando kwi-psychology okanye baqeqeshwe ngokwezonyango. Banyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ngokusebenzisa i-psychotherapy, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'talk therapy'. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ingcali yezengqondo ayinakukunika amayeza.

Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zinyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezintsonkothileyo kuneengcali zengqondo, ingakumbi ezo zifuna amayeza okanye unyango . Ngamanye amazwi, isayikholoji kukufunda ngengqondo, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha. Isayikholoji yintsimi yezonyango exilonga kwaye inyange iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezengqondo kunye nengcali yezonyango?

Ingcali yezonyango ngumntu onedigri ye-master's kwicandelo lezempilo yengqondo, njenge-psychology, ingcebiso yezengqondo, okanye unyango losapho. Bafanelekile ukuvavanya impilo yengqondo yomntu kwaye basebenzise iindlela zonyango, ezifana ne-talk therapy. Umzekelo, abasebenzi bezentlalo abaneelayisenisi kunye nabacebisi bezonyango abangochwephesha abaneelayisenisi bawela kolu didi. Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yezonyango ayinakukunika amayeza.

Khumbula, ugqirha wengqondo ngugqirha. Uyakwazi ukubona iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, anike amayeza, aze anike unyango.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezifo zengqondo kunye nengcali yezifo zengqondo?

Kubalulekile ukwazi oku. Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ikwangugqirha.Kodwa ugxile ekuxilongeni, ekunyangeni, nasekulawuleni izifo zengqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (oko kukuthi, ingqondo, umgogodla, kunye nemithambo-luvo). Ingcali yemithambo-luvo inolwazi malunga nolwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, kunye nezifo ezichaphazela yona.

Ngoku, ngelixa oogqirha bengqondo kunye neengcali ze-neurologists besebenza ngeemeko ezinxulumene nengqondo, oogqirha be-neurologists bagxila ngakumbi kwizinto zomzimba kunye neempawu zesifo. Kwelinye icala, oogqirha bengqondo bagxila ngakumbi kwiimpawu zengqondo (ezinxulumene nengcinga) kunye nokuziphatha kwesi sifo. Kwakhona, oogqirha be-neurologists banyanga izifo ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo kunye nomqolo, kodwa oogqirha bengqondo abanyanga.

Bobabini aba gqirha banokunika amayeza. Basenokusebenzisana ukulawula iimeko ezithile ezichaphazela ingqondo. Umzekelo, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abanesifo sikaParkinson okanye abo babe nestroke babe noxinzelelo.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yezengqondo?

Ingcali yezengqondo ihlola, ixilonge, kwaye inyange iingxaki zakho zengqondo, zeemvakalelo, nezokuziphatha.

Ngenxa yokuba oogqirha bengqondo bengoogqirha, banokuyalela okanye benze uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lwezonyango kunye/okanye lwengqondo. Oogqirha bengqondo baxilonga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ngokudibanisa ezi mvavanyo kunye nengxoxo malunga neempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango kunye neyentsapho.

Basebenzisa iikhrayitheriya ezikwi-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ukuze baxilonge iingxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Kwakhona, kwenziwa isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena. Oku kungabandakanya unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha), amayeza, kunye nolunye unyango lwezonyango.

Zeziphi iintlobo zeemeko ezinyangwa ziingcali zengqondo?

Iingcali zengqondo zinokuxilonga nokunyanga iingxaki ezininzi zempilo yengqondo kunye neengxaki. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nezinye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
• Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqwalasela/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD)
• Isifo se-Autism spectrum
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ingxaki yokungakhathali kakuhle komzimba (inkxalabo engafanelekanga malunga nokubonakala komzimba)
• Uxinzelelo
• Iingxaki zokuzihlukanisa - iimeko apho uziva ukhululekile kuwe nakwindawo okuyo
• Iingxaki zokutya
• Ingxaki yokungcakaza
• Ingxaki yokuqokelelwa kwemali
• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo
• Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD)
• Ingxaki yovalo
• Iingxaki zobuntu
• Ingxaki yoxinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD)
• Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka
Isifo se -Schizoaffective I-Schizophrenia-yeemvakalelo `(Schizophrenia)`
• Iingxaki zokulala

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo?

Iingcali zengqondo zisebenzisa kwaye zinika iingcebiso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ngokuyintloko:

• Unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha)
• Amayeza
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango, umzekelo, unyango lwe-electroconvulsive (ECT) okanye i-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Khumbula, unyango lweengxaki zempilo yengqondo luyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Khetha unyango olusebenza kakuhle kuwe. Rhoqo, kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yale nyango.

Okungakumbi malunga nonyango lokuthetha (iPsychotherapy)...

Unyango lwengqondo, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-'talk therapy' okanye 'therapy' ngamafutshane, lunyango oluquka ukuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo oqeqeshiweyo ukuze achonge aze ajongane nezizathu ezichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo okanye ezibangela iimvakalelo zakho.

Injongo kukususa okanye ukulawula iingcinga ezingafunekiyo kunye nokuziphatha okukukhathazayo kwaye okuphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nemeko yakho, olu nyango lunokuba lolwexesha elifutshane okanye elide.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ze-psychotherapy:

• Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT)
• Unyango lokusebenzisana nabantu (IPT)
• Unyango lweNgqondo oluSekelwe kwiNgqondo (MBCT)
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa I-Dialectical (DBT)
• Unyango Lokusombulula Iingxaki (PST)
• Unyango lwe-Psychodynamic

Iintlobo zeziyobisi...

Iingcali zengqondo zinokukunika amayeza okunyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha iimpawu zamakhemikhali kunye nonxibelelwano engqondweni yakho. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zezinye izifo zengqondo.

Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zinika amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo.

Amanye amayeza adla ngokunikwa ziingcali zengqondo zezi:

• Amayeza okudakumba
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo
• Iingcali ze-hypnotics
• Izinto ezizinzisa imeko-bume
• Iimithi zokuthomalalisa kunye ne-anxiolytics
• Izinto ezikhuthazayo
• I-Ketamine (kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo)

Ezinye iindlela zonyango...

Iingcali zengqondo zisebenzisa nezinye iindlela zonyango kwezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo:

• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT)
• Ukukhuthazwa kweMagnetic yeTranscranial (TMS)
• Unyango olulula lwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo sexesha elithile (SAD)

Ukongeza kwezi, kukwakho nonyango olungasetyenziswa rhoqo:

• Ukukhuthazwa kweNerve yeVagus (VNS)
• Ukukhuthazwa koBuchopho obuNzulu (i-DBS)

Ndifanele ndibonane nini nogqirha wengqondo?

Ukuze uthathe isigqibo sokuba uyafuna na ukubona ugqirha wengqondo okanye akunjalo, kufuneka ucinge ngokunyanisekileyo ngeempawu zakho kunye namava akho emihla ngemihla. Musa ukuzama ukufumanisa isifo sengqondo ngokwakho. Kodwa ungazazi kwaye ubhale phantsi iindlela zokuziphatha ezingafanelekanga, iimvakalelo, kunye neendlela zokucinga eziphazamisa ubomi bakho.

Ukucela uncedo ngeengxaki zempilo yengqondo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima kwaye kube nzima, kodwa kubalulekile ukwenza njalo. Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zixhaphakile kakhulu. Impilo yakho yengqondo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ugqirha wakho wosapho (uMboneleli wezeMpilo oPhambili) ekuxelela ngeempawu zakho, unokukuthumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhetha, ungabonana nogqirha wezifo zengqondo ngqo ukuze akuxilonge kwaye akunyange.

Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zinokuba ngequbuliso, zingabikho rhoqo, okanye ziqhubeke. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba zichaphazela kakubi umgangatho wobomi bakho, luphawu olucacileyo lokuba kufuneka ufune uncedo.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu okanye amava akho, cinga ngokubona ugqirha wengqondo, okanye uxelele ugqirha wosapho lwakho:

• Ukungakwazi ukulawula okanye ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho.
• Ukuba nomsindo rhoqo okanye rhoqo, ukuba nomsindo.
• Ukuziva uloyiko olugqithisileyo okanye olungaqhelekanga.
• Ukuzibandakanya kumsebenzi onobungozi.
• Ukuziva ukhathazekile kakhulu kwaye/okanye ulusizi.
• Utshintsho olukhulu kwiindlela zokulala.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Iingxaki zokutya.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
• Ukubekelwa bucala kuluntu.
• Iingcinga zokuzilimaza.

Khumbula, akukho ntloni xa uneengxaki zempilo yengqondo okanye xa ufuna uncedo ngayo. Okukhona ufumana uncedo nonyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona uza kuziva ungcono ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa usiya kubona ugqirha wengqondo?

Ukuze ufumane okuninzi kutyelelo lwakho kugqirha wengqondo, licebo elihle ukuya kukulungiselela. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda wenze oko:

• Bhala uluhlu lwezinto ezibalulekileyo ofuna ukuthetha ngazo nogqirha wakho wengqondo.
• Thetha ngazo naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwiimpawu zakho zangaphambili. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, bhala ngeempawu zakho yonke imihla kwidayari. Oku kuya kukunceda ukhumbule indlela ezitshintsha ngayo nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho.
• Ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwimpilo yakho yomzimba, nceda usixelele ngalo.
• Sixelele ngezifo zomzimba nezengqondo ezithwalwa lusapho lwakho .
• Ndixelele ngendlela ojongwa ngayo lusapho, abahlobo, kunye nabantu osebenza nabo abakukhathaleleyo ngokwenene.
• Zisa uluhlu lwamayeza nezinto ozisebenzisayo ngoku. Faka yonke into ukusuka kumayeza kagqirha, amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, iivithamini, izongezo, amayeza esintu, kunye neeziyobisi.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wengqondo?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho wengqondo, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ithini ingxaki yam? Ufikelele njani kuloo nto?
• Unamava anjani ngokunyanga imeko yam?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingalindela nini ukuba ndiphile?
• Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndiya ndisiba ngcono?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa ndinobunzima obungakumbi?
• Ngubani endifanele ndimfowunele xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo malunga nemeko yam?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza am?
• Ngaba uza kusebenza nabanye oogqirha bam?

Ungaba njani ngugqirha wengqondo?

Ukuze ube ngugqirha wengqondo, kufuneka ugqibezele ngempumelelo oku kulandelayo:

• Imfundo yeminyaka emine yesidanga sokuqala kwikholeji okanye eyunivesithi ikhokelela kwisidanga se-bachelor.
• Imfundo yesikolo sezonyango yeminyaka emine ikhokelela kwisidanga sezonyango, nokuba yi-"Doctor of Medicine - MD" okanye "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO".
• Inkqubo yoqeqesho lweminyaka emine yokuhlala.

Emva kokugqiba uqeqesho lokuhlala, uninzi lweengcali zengqondo luba ziingcali zengqondo eziqinisekisiweyo yibhodi ngokuthatha uvavanyo olubhaliweyo nolomlomo ngokuzithandela olulawulwa yi-American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Abanye oogqirha bengqondo bade balandele iinkqubo zobudlelwane ukuze bafumane ulwazi kwicandelo elithile lezonyango zengqondo, njengonyango lwengqondo lwabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo (olugxile kwimpilo yengqondo yabantwana) okanye unxibelelwano lwengqondo (olufunda ujongano lwempilo yomzimba neyengqondo kubemi bezonyango).

Ziziphi iingcali ezincinci kwi-psychiatry?

Ezinye zezona zinto zikhethekileyo kwi-psychiatry zezi:

• Ugqirha wengqondo onengxaki yokulutha
• Unyango lwengqondo olungxamisekileyo
• Unyango lwengqondo (lwezomthetho)
• Unyango lwengqondo lwabantu abadala
• Amayeza entlungu
• Unyango lwengqondo lwabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo
• Ukubonisana-unxibelelwano lwengqondo
• Amayeza okulala

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukuvuma ukuba unengxaki yempilo yengqondo kwaye ufune uncedo ngayo kunokuvakala ngathi kukoyikisa, kodwa khumbula ukuba kubalulekile ukwenza njalo. Ingcali yezengqondo inokukunika uxilongo oluchanekileyo kwaye ikucebise ngesicwangciso sonyango. Baziingcali kwicandelo labo, kwaye banolwazi lwamva nje ngophando lwamva nje, amayeza, kunye nolunye unyango olunokukunceda. Ingcali yakho yezengqondo iza kusebenza nawe ukumisela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni ukucela uncedo. Impilo yakho yengqondo ifanelekile!

Ingcali yezengqondo, Impilo yengqondo, Ingcali yezengqondo, Unyango lwezengqondo, Uxinzelelo, Ixhala