Ngubani ingcali yezengqondo? Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula!

Ngamanye amaxesha iingqondo zethu zikhathazwa yinto ethile okanye enye, akunjalo? Ezinye iingxaki kunzima ukuzisombulula zodwa. Kulapho ke sidinga uncedo lwengcali yezengqondo. Kodwa ngubani lo ngcali yezengqondo? Benza ntoni? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto namhlanje.

Ngubani ingcali yezengqondo?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezengqondo ngumntu ofunde nzulu indlela abantu abaziphatha ngayo, iingcinga zabo, kunye neemvakalelo zabo. Banemfundo ephakamileyo kwesi sifundo. Uninzi lweengcali zengqondo lunezakhono zobungcali kunye nezakhono zonyango ezifunekayo ukuvavanya nokunyanga impilo yakho yengqondo.

Bakuphatha njani? Ngokuyintloko ngokusebenzisa unyango lokuthetha (okwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Psychotherapy' okanye i-'Talk Therapy') kunye novavanyo lwengqondo kunye novavanyo. Bakunceda ukuba ujongane ngempumelelo nangolonwabo neengxaki ojongene nazo ebomini bakho, iingxaki onazo ngobudlelwane, kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo yengqondo.

Ngubani ke lo 'Clinical Psychologist'?

Isayikholoji yezonyango lisebe elikhethekileyo lesayikholoji. Kule nto, isazi sezengqondo sezonyango sinolwazi olubanzi nolunzulu ngesayikholoji kunye nezinye iinkalo ezinxulumene noko.

Banceda abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, ukususela kubantwana abancinci ukuya kubantu abadala, abavela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, kwanabo baneengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinzulu . Ingcali yezengqondo yeklinikhi inoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokubonelela ngononophelo olupheleleyo lwezengqondo nokuziphatha kubantu ngabanye nakwiintsapho. Ngokwesiqhelo basebenza kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Izikolo
• Izibhedlele kunye neekliniki
• Amaziko eengcebiso
• Imibutho yoluntu

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweNgcali yezeNgqondo yoNcedo kunye neNgcali yezeNgqondo yoKliniki?

Nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi phakathi kwale misebenzi mibini, kukho umahluko othile. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba ingcali yezengqondo igxile kakhulu kwi-psychopathology. Ngamafutshane, kukufunda ngokunzulu ngezifo zengqondo kunye nohlobo lwazo.

Kwelinye icala, iNgcali yezeNgqondo yoNcedo inceda abantu ukuba bajongane baze bajongane noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, lwentlalo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha emzimbeni ebomini babo.

Ngamanye amazwi, ingcali yezengqondo yezonyango inceda kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinzima okanye ezinzulu kunengcali yezengqondo jikelele okanye ingcali yezengqondo enika iingcebiso. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingcali zithi akukho mfuneko yokuba la magama mabini abe namagama ahlukeneyo, njengoko umsebenzi ufana kakhulu.

Ngaba ingcali yezengqondo yezonyango ngugqirha?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Nangona igama elithi "clinical" lisetyenziswa egameni labo, ingcali yezengqondo ayingogqirha. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanakukwazi uku-odola uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwemifanekiso efana ne-X-ray okanye i-MRI scans. Kananjalo abanakukwazi ukukunika amayeza.

Ingcali yezengqondo yezonyango inesidanga sobugqirha – nokuba yiPhD (uGqirha weFilosofi) okanye iPsyD (uGqirha wePsychology) – kodwa abanaso isidanga sobugqirha (njenge-MD okanye i-DO).

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezengqondo kunye nengcali yezengqondo?

Kulapho abantu abaninzi babambeka khona. Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha. Oko kukuthi, ugqirha. Uyakwazi ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo zengqondo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ingcali yezifo zengqondo inokunika amayeza kwaye ibonelele ngezinye iindlela zonyango (umzekelo, ezinye iindlela zonyango ezikhethekileyo).

Kwelinye icala, ingcali yezengqondo inesidanga sobuGqirha (PhD okanye PsyD). Banamava nolwazi olubanzi kuphando lwezengqondo okanye kwizenzo zeklinikhi. Iingcali zengqondo zinyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ngokuyintloko ngonyango lokuthetha (Psychotherapy okanye Talk Therapy). Ingcali yezengqondo ayinakukwazi ukunika amayeza.

Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zinyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezintsonkothileyo kuneengcali zengqondo, ingakumbi ezo zifuna amayeza okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango .

Ngamanye amazwi, isayikholoji kukufunda ngengqondo, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha. Isayikholoji yintsimi yezonyango exilonga kwaye inyange izifo zengqondo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yezengqondo kunye nomcebisi?

Umcebisi (ngamanye amaxesha obizwa ngokuba yingcali yezonyango) ngumntu onesidanga se-master kwicandelo elinxulumene nempilo yengqondo, njengengqondo, isayikholoji yokunika iingcebiso, okanye ingcebiso yomtshato okanye yosapho. Umcebisi ufanelekile ukuvavanya impilo yengqondo yomntu aze asebenzise iindlela zonyango, ezifana nonyango lokuthetha.

Nangona kunjalo, ingcali yezengqondo inesidanga sobugqirha (PhD okanye PsyD) kwaye inamava anzulu nabanzi kuphando lwezengqondo okanye kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi. Ngamafutshane, iziqinisekiso zemfundo kunye noqeqesho lwengcali yezengqondo zikwinqanaba eliphezulu kunelomcebisi.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yezengqondo?

Iingcali zengqondo zinceda abantu abaninzi kakhulu.Banokunyanga imiba eyahlukeneyo yokuziphatha nempilo yengqondo, kunye nokunceda ngemiba yobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye neengxaki zobudlelwane.

Cinga ngoku: Abanye abantu baya kwingcali yezengqondo xa beneengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nokudakumba, ixhala, okanye ukuzithemba okuphantsi . Abanye baya kwingcali yezengqondo ukuze bafumane uncedo ngengxaki yexesha elifutshane. Umzekelo, basenokuba basokola nomsebenzi omtsha, okanye basenokuba basokola nelungu losapho, umhlobo, okanye umntu abamthandayo.

Iingcali zengqondo zihlala zibandakanyeka ekunyamekeleni abantu abanezinye izifo zomzimba. Umzekelo, zinceda abantu abanengxaki yokungalali, iintlungu ezingapheliyo, iingxaki zokutya, okanye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye umhlaza ukuba bamelane nemeko yabo kwaye baphile ubomi obuqinileyo engqondweni .

Iingcali zengqondo zingenza uvavanyo novavanyo olwahlukeneyo . Ezi zinokunceda ekuxilongeni imeko yengqondo okanye zifunde ngakumbi ngendlela umntu acinga, aziva ngayo, kwaye aziphatha ngayo. Ezi vavanyo zinokujonga izinto ezinje:

• Izakhono zobukrelekrele.
• Amandla kunye nobuthathaka bokuqonda (ukuqiqa nokucinga).
• Izinto ozikhethayo kumsebenzi wezandla (umz. uhlobo lomsebenzi owuthandayo nowufaneleyo - `Ukhetho lomsebenzi wezandla`).
• Iimpawu zobuntu.

Iingcali zengqondo zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezisekelwe kubungqina ukuphucula ubomi babantu. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lonyango abazisebenzisayo lunyango lokuthetha (olwaziwa ngokuba yi-psychotherapy okanye unyango lokuthetha). Oku kuquka ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo zakho, iingcinga zakho, kunye nokuziphatha kwakho, ukuziqonda, kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane bokuthembana phakathi kwakho kunye nogqirha wengqondo ukukunceda wenze utshintsho olufunekayo ukuze uqhubele phambili ebomini bakho.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zezi:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Okucingayo (`Unyango Lokuziphatha Okucingayo - CBT`)
• Unyango Lokuziphatha NgeDialectical (DBT)
• Unyango lokusebenzisana nabantu
• Unyango loLuntu
• Unyango lwe-Psychodynamic

Olu nyango lunokuba lolwabantu ngabanye, izibini, okanye iintsapho. Ingcali yakho yezengqondo iza kusebenza nawe ukukhetha unyango oluhambelana neemfuno zakho kunye neenjongo zakho.

Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba indibaniselwano yonyango lokuthetha kunye namayeza isebenza kakuhle kwimpilo yabo yengqondo. Ukuba kunjalo kuwe, ingcali yakho yezengqondo iya kusebenza nogqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukuze benze isicwangciso sonyango esipheleleyo kuwe.

Ngaba ingcali yezengqondo ingakunika amayeza?

Le yingxaki ebalulekileyo. Ngokubanzi, ingcali yezengqondo eSri Lanka ayikwazi ukunika amayeza.

Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, umzekelo, kumazwe aliqela eMelika (afana neNew Mexico, eLouisiana, e-Illinois, e-Iowa, nase-Idaho), iingcali zengqondo ezineelayisenisi ezifumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olongezelelweyo zivumelekile ngokusemthethweni ukuba zinike uluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwamayeza okunceda kwiimeko ezithile zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcali zengqondo okwangoku azivumelekanga ukuba zinike amayeza eSri Lanka. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wengqondo.

Ziziphi izinto onokuzifuna uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo?

Ingcali yakho yezengqondo inokunyangela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemeko zempilo yengqondo nezokuziphatha, kwaye ikuncede ukwazi ukumelana neziganeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezixinzelelekileyo. Ezi ngxaki zinokuba zezexesha elifutshane okanye zexesha elide . Umzekelo, ungafumana uncedo kwingcali yezengqondo kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kotywala kunye nezinye iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Iingxaki zomsindo.
• Ixhala.
• Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Umzimba Ukuzilungisa.
• Ukujamelana nesifo esisandul’ ukufunyanwa okanye ukuhlala nesifo esihlala ixesha elide esifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo samathambo.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Iingxaki zokutya (umz., ukutya kancinci kakhulu okanye kakhulu).
• Iingxaki zosapho nezobudlelwane (umz., iingxaki nabazali, iqabane, abantwana).
• Ingxaki yokungcakaza.
• Ingxaki Yokugcina Izinto.
• Intlungu nokulahlekelwa ('Intlungu nokulahlekelwa') ngamava okufelwa ngumntu omthandayo okanye ukulahlekelwa yinto exabisekileyo.
• Iingxaki ezinje ngokuncipha kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumdla emsebenzini okanye emsebenzini wesikolo.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezinxulumene noko.
• Intlungu ende ngaphandle kwesizathu somzimba.
• Ingxaki yoXinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD) sisifo sengqondo esenzeka emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu kakhulu.
• Uxinzelelo emva kokubeleka luyenzeka kwabanye oomama emva kokubeleka.
• Iingxaki zokulala.
• Ulawulo loxinzelelo.
• Ukungazithembi, ukuba neentloni.
• I-Phobias (uloyiko olungaqhelekanga lwezinto okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo).
• Nceda uyeke imikhwa emibi (umz., ukuluma iinzipho rhoqo, ukutshaya, njl.njl.).
• Ukujamelana namava anzima oxinzelelo (ukwenzakala).

Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukucela uncedo ngeengxaki zengqondo nezokuziphatha, kubalulekile ukwenza njalo. Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo zixhaphakile kakhulu. Impilo yakho yengqondo neyovakalelo ibaluleke njengempilo yakho yomzimba.

Ungaba njani yingcali yezengqondo?

Ukuba yingcali yezengqondo akuyonto ilula. Kufuna ukuzinikela kakhulu kunye nexesha elininzi. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka ugqibezele la manyathelo:

• Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane isidanga seminyaka emine (`isidanga seBachelor') eyunivesithi.
• Emva koko, kufuneka ufundele isidanga se-postgraduate (`isikolo seGraduate`) kangangeminyaka emine ukuya kwemithandathu. Oku kukhokelela kwi-`Doctoral degree` – oko kukuthi, isidanga se-`PhD - Doctor of Philosophy` kwicandelo le-psychology okanye isidanga se-`PsyD - Doctor of Psychology`.
• Ngexesha le-postgraduate degree yakho, kufuneka ugqibezele i-internship yexesha elizeleyo yonyaka omnye.
• Ukongeza, kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo lwenqanaba likazwelonke kunye neemviwo ezongezelelweyo ngokuhambelana nemithetho nemigaqo yelizwe/iphondo ofuna ukukhonza kulo.

Kumazwe amaninzi, ingcali yezengqondo kufuneka igqibe unyaka wonke yomsebenzi ojongiweyo phantsi kwengcali yezengqondo eqeqeshiweyo ngaphambi kokuba ifumane ilayisenisi. Uninzi lulandela ii-post-doctoral fellowships ukuze luphuhlise ubuchule kwicandelo labo abalikhethileyo lezengqondo.

Iingcali zengqondo ezinelayisenisi kufuneka zihlale zinolwazi ngezinto ezintsha ezenzekayo kwicandelo lazo, uphando olutsha, kunye nonyango olutsha. Yiyo loo nto zithatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zemfundo eqhubekayo ('Imfundo Eqhubekayo') - oko kukuthi, iisemina, uphando, kunye neeklasi ezongezelelweyo - minyaka le kuyo yonke imisebenzi yazo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba yingcali yezengqondo?

Ngokwesiqhelo, kunokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-12 nangaphezulu ukuba ube yingcali yezengqondo enelayisenisi. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni ugqibezela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani isidanga sakho se-bachelor's okanye se-doctorate. Eli xesha linokwahluka, njengoko kuya kufuneka ugqibezele uqeqesho olupheleleyo, olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kwaye mhlawumbi unyaka omnye wokuziqhelanisa nolawulo, kuxhomekeke kwindawo onethemba lokusebenza kuyo.

Ziziphi izinto ezikhethekileyo kwisayikholoji?

Ingqondo sisifundo esibanzi kakhulu. Ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezininzi ezizodwa. Oko kukuthi, iingcali zengqondo zinokufunda indawo ethile nzulu ngakumbi kwaye zibe ziingcali kuloo ndawo. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Ingqondo yabantwana - Malunga nophuhliso lwengqondo kunye neengxaki zabantwana.
• Isayikholoji yezonyango - ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwesifo sengqondo.
• Ingcebiso ngengqondo - ukunceda abantu bajongane neengxaki zobomi kunye noxinzelelo.
• Isayensi yobuchopho kunye nesayikholoji yokuqonda - malunga nendlela abantu abacinga, abafunda ngayo, nabakhumbula ngayo.
• Isayikholoji yophuhliso - Malunga nendlela abantu abatshintsha ngayo ubomi babo bonke.
• Isayikholoji yovavanyo - Uphononongo lweengcamango zengqondo ngophando.
• Isayikholoji yezenzululwazi kunye neyenkonzo karhulumente - Ukusetyenziswa kwesayikholoji kumthetho nolwaphulo-mthetho.
• Ingqondo yezempilo - Indlela impilo yengqondo echaphazela ngayo impilo yomzimba.
• Isayikholoji yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo - ukunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo okanye abagulayo ukuba baphile.
• Isayikholoji yezemidlalo kunye nokusebenza - inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwabadlali kunye nabanye.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Kunganzima ukuvuma nokucela uncedo xa unengxaki yempilo yengqondo, uxinzelelo, okanye ingxaki yeemvakalelo. Kodwa ukwenza njalo kubalulekile kwimpilo-ntle yakho yengqondo nolonwabo ebomini. Ingcali yezengqondo ingakunceda uqonde izinto ezikuthintela ukuba uphile ubomi obupheleleyo nobunempilo, kwaye ikunike amandla okuzoyisa nokujongana nazo.

Baziingcali kwicandelo labo. Banolwazi oluhle ngophando lwamva nje kunye nonyango olunokukunceda. Ingcali yakho yezengqondo iza kusebenza nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki, ungathandabuzi, thetha ngento ekucingayo, kwaye ucele uncedo. Awuwedwa.

Ingcali yezengqondo, Impilo yengqondo, Ingcebiso, Unyango lwezengqondo, Unyango lokuthetha, Ingcali yezengqondo