Intliziyo yethu sisitho esimangalisayo. Ukususela ngomhla esizalwa ngawo de kube yimini yokufa, isebenza ngokungapheliyo umzuzwana omnye. Njengempompo ekrelekrele, ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Zininzi iindawo ezincinci ezinceda ukuba isebenze kakuhle. Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi lihamba njani kwicala elinye ngaphakathi entliziyweni, ngaphandle kokuya ngasemva? Yiloo nto "iivalvu" entliziyweni ezinceda ngayo. Namhlanje sithetha ngevalvu ekhethekileyo, ivalvu yepulmonary.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ivalvu yemiphunga?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba intliziyo yakho inamagumbi amane. Amabili phezulu namabili ezantsi. Le valve yemiphunga ifana nesango elihamba calanye phakathi kwegumbi elisezantsi kwicala lasekunene lentliziyo (i-ventricle yasekunene) kunye nomthambo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni (umthambo wemiphunga) .
Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi "elingcolileyo", elisetyenziswe emzimbeni wethu kwaye lineoksijini encinci, ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni ukuze lihlanjululwe. Emva kokuba igazi lidlulile, eli sango liyavalwa ukuze lithintele ukuba lingabuyeli entliziyweni.
Le valve yemiphunga, kunye nevalvu ye-aorta kwelinye icala lentliziyo, zibizwa ngokuba "ziivalufa ze-semilunar." Oku kungenxa yokuba amaphecana/iiflaphu kwezi valufa zimile okwenyanga eqingqileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza oku ngokuthi "ivalvu ye-pulmonic," nto leyo ifanayo.
Isebenza njani le valve? Iyamangalisa!
Indlela olu cango luncinci olusebenza ngayo iyamangalisa. Kufana nokuba luyadanisa, luvuleka luze luvalwe ngesingqi esigqibeleleyo ngokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Isigaba seSystolic: Xa i-ventricle yasekunene ifinyela, igazi elingaphakathi kuyo liyakhutshwa. Ngelo xesha, ivalvu ye-pulmonary iyavuleka . Emva koko, igazi elingenaoksijini lingena kwi-pulmonary artery, eya emiphungeni.
- Isigaba se-Diastolic: Xa intliziyo iphumla emva kokuba igqibile ukufinyela, okanye xa iphumla, ivalvu yemiphunga ivala ngokuqinileyo . Ukuba ayivali, igazi elithunyelwa emiphungeni lingabuyela entliziyweni. Le valve ithintela ukuba oko kwenzeke. Kuxa le valve ivaliwe apho i-ventricle yasekunene izaliswa ligazi ukuze ipompe umjikelo olandelayo.
Ngamafutshane, kufana nepolisa lendlela endleleni. Livumela igazi ukuba lihambe liye kwicala elinye kwaye lilithintele ngokupheleleyo ukuba lingabuyeli.
Ukusetyenziswa Okukhethekileyo: Inkqubo kaRoss
Ukongeza kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wale valve, ikwasetyenziselwa enye injongo emangalisayo: xa ivalvu ye-aorta ebaluleke ngakumbi entliziyweni iba nesifo, le valve ye-pulmonary iyafakelwa endaweni yoko.
Oku kubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo kaRoss. Yinkqubo enzima ngakumbi. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ususa ivalvu yakho ye-aortic enesifo aze ayifake ivalvu yakho ye-pulmonary esempilweni. Emva koko, ivalvu ye-pulmonary yomnikelo ifakwa kwindawo apho ivalvu ye-pulmonary yayikhona. Ngenxa yokuba sisicwili sakho, ingena kakuhle kwaye ihlala ixesha elide.
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela le valve?
Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zevalvu yemiphunga zinxulumene neemeko zentliziyo zokuzalwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana unokuba nezi ngxaki xa ezalwa. Amaxesha amaninzi, iingxaki zevalvu zinokukhula kamva ebomini ngenxa yezinye iimeko zempilo (umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga).
Masiqonde nje ezi meko ziphambili zonyango kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Imeko | Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzekayo... |
|---|---|
| I-Pulmonary atresia | Le yimeko yokuzalwa. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ivalvu yemiphunga ayiphuhli kakuhle. Kufana nodonga olwakhiwe apho kufanele kubekho ucango khona. Igazi alikwazi ukuya emiphungeni. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (cyanosis) xa ezalwa. |
| I-Tetralogy yeFallot | Esi sisifo sentliziyo esintsonkothileyo esizalwa naso. Apha, iziphene ezine zentliziyo zenzeka kunye. Esinye seziphene kukuncitshiswa kwevalvu yemiphunga kunye ne-aorta. Ngenxa yokuba esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, umntwana uya kufuna utyando ukuze silungiswe. |
| I-stenosis yevalvu yepulmonary | Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umngxuma wevalvu uba mxinwa. Emva koko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kakhulu ukupompa igazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kukwakho xa umntu ezalwa. Abanye abantu bafumana unyango lokwandisa ivalvu, ngelixa abanye kufuneka batshintshe ivalvu. |
| Ivalvu yemiphunga engekhoyo | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu, ezalwa nayo. Kule meko, amaphecana evalvu asenokungabikho okanye angaphuhli kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukuba ivalvu inciphe kwaye ingavaleki kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi livuza ngasemva (regurgitation). |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwevalvu yepulmonary | Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ivalvu ayivali kakuhle. Ngoko ke xa intliziyo iphumla, elinye igazi elimpontshelwa emiphungeni libuyela kwi-ventricle yasekunene. Oku kuncinci kubantu abaninzi. Kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima, i-ventricle yasekunene inokukhula kwaye ibe buthathaka, kwaye umzimba unokuzaliswa lulwelo kwaye udumbe (i-edema). |
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngaphandle kwevalvu yamaphaphu?
Impendulo ethe ngqo kulo mbuzo ithi "hayi." Ivalvu yemiphunga yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yohambo lwegazi lomzimba wethu oluya emiphungeni ukuze sifumane ioksijini. Ngaphandle kwevalvu esebenza kakuhle, asinakuphila.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde apha kukuba ngonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje, ezi meko zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo . Ukuba azinyangwa, iintsana kunye nabantu abadala abanesifo se-pulmonary valve banokuba nobomi obufutshane. Ke ngoko, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nekamva lobomi bakho.
Siyigcina njani le valve isempilweni?
Asinakuyithintela isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Kodwa zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwiingxaki kamva ebomini kwaye sigcine iintliziyo zethu ziphilile ngokupheleleyo. Zama ukuzifaka ezi zinto ebomini bakho.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Zonke iintlobo zecuba, kungekuphela nje iicuba kunye neevape, ziyingozi kakhulu entliziyweni. Ukuba unengxaki yokuyeka, cela uncedo kugqirha wakho.
- Yeka okanye unciphise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Utywala abulunganga kwimpilo yentliziyo.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, ityuwa, kunye neswekile. Faka imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa, yenza umthambo ophakathi, njengokuhamba, ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.
- Lawula izifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol:Ukuba unezi zifo, sebenzisa amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
- Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango lonyaka: Nokuba awunazo izifo, bona ugqirha ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlole impilo yakho.
- Ingakumbi koomama abakhulelweyo: Ukuba ukhulelwe, yiya kwiikliniki ezifanelekileyo kwaye ufumane iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunekayo. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa.
Ukufunda ngendlela intliziyo eyakhiwe ngayo nendlela esebenza ngayo amalungu ayo ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonakala kunzima kancinci. Ingakumbi xa ufumanisa ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo sentliziyo. Kunokuba nzima ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi ngaxeshanye. Kodwa khumbula, ugqirha wakho uhlala ekhona ukukunceda nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Ungaze woyike ukubuza nantoni na esengqondweni yakho, nokuba incinci kangakanani na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ivalvu yemiphunga yivalvu ebalulekileyo, ejikelezayo ngendlela enye evumela igazi elingenaoksijini ukuba lihambe liye emiphungeni ukuze lihlanjululwe.
- Izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nale vali zinokuba zezokuzalwa. Lumka kakhulu ngeempawu ezifana nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusana olusandul’ ukuzalwa.
- Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sentliziyo okanye ukrokrela ukuba unesifo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ngenxa yeendlela zotyando eziphucukileyo zanamhlanje, abantu abaninzi banokunyanga ezi meko ngempumelelo baze baphile ubomi obusempilweni.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) inokukhusela impilo yentliziyo kwixesha elide.
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