Umbono ofipheleyo? Masithethe ngeempazamo zokungahoyi!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukufumanisa kunzima ukubona izinto ezikufutshane okanye ezikude? Xa ufunda incwadi, oonobumba baba luzizi? Okanye xa uhamba esitalatweni, awukwazi ukubona inombolo ebhasini? Ezi ziingxaki abantu abaninzi abanazo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezi ziphene zokubona kwamehlo, okanye njengoko oogqirha bezibiza, `(Refractive Errors)`.

Zithini iimpazamo zokungahoyi?

Ngamafutshane, impazamo yokubona ngamehlo angaboni kakuhle kukutshintsha kwendlela abonakala ngayo amehlo akho nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbono wakho ungabonakali. Ezi zezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo abantu abaninzi abahlangabezana nazo.

Cinga ngayo, amehlo ethu asebenza njengeqela. Xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni, kuhamba kwinxalenye nganye de kufike ebuchotsheni.

1. Ukukhanya kuqala kudlule kwinxalenye ecacileyo yeliso, i-cornea .

2. Le yinxalenye yeliso egxila ekukhanyeni ize ikuthumele ngelensi engaphakathi kweliso.

3. Olu kukhanya luza kwehla njengomqondiso kwileya engasemva kweliso, i-retina .

4. I-retina iguqula olu kukhanya lube ziimpawu zombane ize izithumele engqondweni nge -optic nerve .

5. Ekugqibeleni, yingqondo esebenzisa ezi mpawu ukudala imifanekiso esiyibonayo.

Ngoku, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempazamo yokuchasana nokukhanya onayo, izinto ozibonayo azijoliswanga kakuhle ngenxa yotshintsho kwimo yeliso lakho, i-cornea, okanye ilensi. Yiyo le nto ibangela ukuba umbono wakho uphazamiseke kwaye ungabonakali.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale ngxaki yokubona. Ezinye zenza kube nzima kuwe ukubona izinto kufutshane. Ezinye zenza izinto ezikude zingacaci. Kodwa nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwengxaki onayo, ingcali yamehlo inokuyixilonga kwaye iyinyange. Baza kuhlola amehlo akho kunye nombono wakho baze bakunike unyango olufunekayo ukuze uphinde ubone ngokucacileyo.

Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ngxaki zokubona ziyakhula njengoko sikhula kwaye siphuhla. Iingxaki ezininzi ziqala ukubonakala ebantwaneni abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ungaziphuhla ezi ngxaki nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini bakho, nokuba ubunombono olungileyo ngaphambili.

Bonana nengcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukuba mandundu kokubona kwakho. Nokuba sele unxibe iiglasi zamehlo okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeempazamo zokungahoyi?

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokubona:

1. I-Myopia - ukubona izinto ezikufutshane kulungile

Abantu abangaboni kakuhle, okanye "i-Myopia" , abakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo, kodwa banokubona izinto ezikufutshane ngokucacileyo.Umzekelo, ukuba une-`(Myopia)`, usenokungakwazi ukubona imiqondiso yamagama ecaleni kwendlela ngokucacileyo, kwaye iya kubonakala kuphela xa usondela emotweni yakho okanye xa ingaphandle kwefestile yakho. Cinga ngayo, abanye abantwana bathi abakwazi ukubona okubhalwe ebhodini esikolweni, kodwa banokufunda kakuhle okubhalwe kwincwadi. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa ye-`(Myopia)`.

I-Myopia idla ngokuvela xa iliso lakho lilide kakhulu ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-myopia inokwenzeka nokuba i-cornea okanye ilensi yakho igobile kakhulu.

I-Myopia idla ngokubonakala kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka emalunga ne-10 ubudala.

2. Ukubona kufutshane (iHyperopia) - Ukubona umgama kulungile

Ukungaboni kakuhle, okanye `(Hyperopia),` kwenza kube nzima ukubona izinto ezikufutshane nawe ngokucacileyo. Oku kuchasene ne `(Myopia).` Ukuba une `(Hyperopia)` ungazibona izinto ezikwiTV kwigumbi lonke ngokucacileyo, kodwa unengxaki yokufunda umbhalo ochwethezwa kwilaptop ephambi kwakho. Abanye abantu bafumanisa ukuba xa bezama ukufunda iphephandaba okanye incwadi, umbhalo uba mfiliba kwaye kufuneka bawuphakamise ukuze bawujonge bekude.

I-Hyperopia yenzeka xa ubude belihlo lakho buncipha ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva. Esinye isizathu kukuba i-cornea okanye ilensi yakho ithe tyaba kakhulu (oko kukuthi, ayigobanga kakuhle).

Abantu abane-hyperopia badla ngokuzalwa benayo.

3. I-Presbyopia (ukubona okukufutshane) okwenzeka xa umntu ekhula

I-Presbyopia, okanye ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, yimeko eyenzeka xa umntu ekhula. Njenge-hyperopia, i-presbyopia yenza kube nzima ukubona izinto kufutshane. Le yimbangela yokuba sinxibe iiglasi zokufunda njengoko sikhula. Yiyo loo nto oomama bethu, ootata bethu, kunye noomakhulu nootatomkhulu bethu bebesebenzisa iiglasi ukufaka inaliti nokufunda amaphephandaba.

I-Presbyopia yenzeka xa ilensi yeliso lakho ingasakwazi ukugxila kakuhle njengoko yayinjalo ngaphambili. Idla ngokuvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala.

4. Ukungabi nazintloni

I-Astigmatism inokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo nokuba kukude kangakanani. Amehlo ethu adla ngokuba ziingceba, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuba une-astigmatism, iliso lakho limile njengebhola yombhoxo, okanye umva wecephe. ​​Oku kubangela ukuba ukukhanya okungena elisweni lakho kugobe kwaye kuguquke kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba linokugxila kwiindawo ezininzi endaweni yokugxila kwindawo enye.

I-Astigmatism inokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha ebomini. Abanye abantu bazalwa nayo. Kwabanye, ikhula kamva ebomini.

Zithini iimpawu zempazamo yokungahoyi?

Zonke izifo zamehlo zinokuphazamisa umbono wakho. Ukongeza ekwenzeni kube nzima ukubona kakuhle, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Umbono ofipheleyo wezinto ezikufutshane, ezikude, okanye zombini.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (`Diplopia`).
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukuncwina amehlo. Ukuba uhlala uncwina amehlo okanye uncwina amehlo akho, luphawu.
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo.
• Intlungu yamehlo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abancinci basenokungaqondi ukuba ukubona kwabo kuyasilela. Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokugxila kwinto enye ixesha elide, okanye amanqaku akhe ehla ngequbuliso, unokuba nengxaki yokubona. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni omntwana wakho, ekuboneni, okanye ekuziphatheni kwakhe, bonana nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wamehlo.

Zithini izizathu zezi mpazamo zokungahoyi?

Iingxaki zokubona zinokubangelwa kukutshintsha kwesimo se-cornea yakho, ilensi, okanye yonke imilo yeliso lakho. Uhlobo lwengxaki onayo luxhomekeke kwindlela elimile ngayo iliso lakho.

Ezi zinokwenzeka nanjengoko ukhula. Njengoko amehlo akho ekhula, usenokuba neengxaki ezintsha zokubona ezazingekho xa wawusemncinci.

Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zokubona nasemva kotyando lwe-cataract.

Ungazichonga njani iimpazamo zokuchasana nokukhanya?

Ugqirha wamehlo uxilonga iingxaki zokubona ngovavanyo lwamehlo . Baza kujonga amehlo akho (kuquka nangaphakathi). Baza kukunika novavanyo lokujonga . Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwengxaki yokubona onayo kunye nokuba ichaphazela kangakanani umbono wakho.

Ziphathwa njani iimpazamo zokungahoyi?

Iindlela zonyango lweengxaki zokubona zezi:

• Iiglasi zamehlo.
• Iilensi zokujonga.
• Utyando lokulungisa umbono - umzekelo, utyando olufana neLASIK kunye nePhotorefractive Keratectomy (PRK).

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kukunika iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando lokulungisa umbono. Nangona kunjalo, usenokuba ngumntu oza kutyandwa ngoko nangoko. Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nonyango olulungele wena.

Ngaba umngcipheko wokufumana impazamo yokuchasana noxinzelelo ungancitshiswa?

Enyanisweni, akukho nto unokuyenza ukuthintela amehlo akho ekubeni abe nesiphene sokubona. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zibangelwa kukumila kweliso lakho, i-cornea, okanye ilensi, okanye lutshintsho kwezi ndawo, akukho ndlela yokuthintela iziphene zokubona. Kwaye akukho nto unokuyenza ukuthintela umntwana wakho ukuba azalwe enesiphako sokubona.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinempazamo yokungahoyi?

Nokuba kufuneka unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, okanye wenze utyando lokulungisa umbono, kuba unesiphene sokubona, oko akuyi kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yakho.

Unyango okanye amandla eeglasi zakho okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano anokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu abenza utyando lokulungisa umbono banokulahlekelwa kancinci kombono ngokuhamba kwexesha (regression) - oko kukuthi, iziphumo zotyando ziyancipha kancinci kancinci.

Ukuba unengxaki yokubona, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela amehlo. Imizekelo:

• I-Glaucoma.
• Iliso elivilaphayo (`Iliso elivilaphayo / i-Amblyopia`).
• Amehlo anqamlezileyo / iStrabismus.
• Umbono ophantsi.

Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?

Ngokujonga amehlo akho rhoqo kunye nokubona kwakho, ingcali yamehlo inokuzibona kwangethuba naziphi na iingxaki. Ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yakho:

• Abantwana: Umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe amehlo ngugqirha wabantwana ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe ukufunda, aze emva koko ahlolwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.
• Abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi.
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-54 ubudala: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Unyaka ngamnye ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ukuba unxiba iiglasi, iilensi zokunxibelelana, okanye ufuna olunye uncedo lokubona, unokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile nabo kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo abo rhoqo.

Buza ingcali yamehlo ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo kangaphi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Bona ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho.

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zilandelayo , yiya kwicandelo lezonyango ngokukhawuleza esibhedlele:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yamehlo.
• Ukuba ubona ukukhanya okutsha okanye ukudada emehlweni akho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Luhlobo luni lwengxaki yokubona endinayo?
• Luhlobo luni lweeglasi/iilensi zoqhagamshelwano endizidingayo?
• Ngaba ndifanelekile utyando lokulungisa umbono?
• Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Iingxaki zokubona zixhaphakile kakhulu emehlweni abantu abaninzi abadibana nazo. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwengxaki onayo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokufumana unyango oluya kukunceda ubone ngokucacileyo kwakhona. Nokuba umbono wakho awubonakali utshintshe kakhulu, bona ugqirha wakho wamehlo rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho oluncinci emehlweni akho okanye embonweni lunokwenza ingxaki ekhoyo ibe mandundu okanye ibangele entsha.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ngequbuliso uqala ukufinya amehlo, ukhala ngentloko ebuhlungu, okanye uqaphela ukwehla komsebenzi wakhe wesikolo, usenokuba nesifo samehlo angaziyo ukuba sinokunyangwa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngamaxesha anje. Amehlo ethu axabiseke kakhulu, ngoko masiwanyamekele!

Amehlo , iingxaki zokubona, i-myopia, i-hyperopia, i-astigmatism, iiglasi, impilo yamehlo