Ngaba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi kweliso lakho? Masifunde ngokuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba imithambo yegazi emincinci engaphakathi kwamehlo ethu inokuqhuma ize yophe igazi? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokwenzeka singaqondanga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo, eyokuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina, okanye njengoko siyibiza ngokwezonyango, `(Ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina)`. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuchaza yonke into ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni i-Retinal Hemorrhage?

Ngamafutshane, ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina kukopha kwi-retina, inxalenye yeliso lakho. I-retina ifana nefilimu ekwikhamera, apho imifanekiso esiyibonayo irekhodwa khona. Oku kukopha kwegazi kwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi ethambileyo kwi-retina yonakele.

Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ubethe intloko yakho ngamandla, okanye kunokubangelwa zizifo ezithile ezichaphazela amehlo, okanye izifo ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le meko ichaphazela iliso elinye kuphela (siyibiza ngokuba yi-'unilateral retinal hemorrhage'). Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba yenzeke kuwo omabini amehlo ngaxeshanye (siyibiza ngokuba yi-'bilateral retinal hemorrhage').

Khawucinge nje, abanye abantu bopha igazi emehlweni ngolu hlobo kwaye abanazo iimpawu. Abazi nokuba kwenzekile. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokulahlekelwa kukubona. Nokuba lo monakalo uhlala uhleli okanye awuhlali uxhomekeke kwisizathu sokopha igazi kunye nokuba lingakanani igazi elilahlekileyo.

Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukopha okuncinci akudingi naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umbono wakho uchaphazelekile okanye kukho umngcipheko wokuba yimfama engapheliyo, kunokufuneka inaliti, unyango lwelaser, okanye utyando.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa ngumbono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, kufuneka uye ngqo kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-retinal hemorrhages?

Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kuluhlu olu phawu lokopha ngokusekwe kwindawo oluye lwenzeka kuyo kwi-retina. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokwahlulwa ngokwemilo yalo. Ngamanye amaxesha olu phawu lokopha lunokuchaphazela iileya ezininzi ze-retina (`i-multilayered retinal hemorrhage`).

Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili ezibonwayo:

• Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kweretinal: Ezi ziinyembezi okanye ukuqhekeka kwithishu yeretinal. Ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-"dot-and-blot hemorrhages" kuba zifana namachaphaza okanye amabala.
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retinal nerve fiber layer:Umaleko we-optic nerve fiber (RNFL) yingqokelela yeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezidibanisa i-retina ne-optic nerve. Iintlobo ze-hemorrhage ezichaphazela i-RNFL ziquka i-flame hemorrhage (efana namalangatye), i-disc hemorrhage (efana ne-spinters kwi-piece of wood), kunye ne-splinter hemorrhages (efana ne-spinters kwi-piece of wood).
• Ukopha kwegazi ngaphambi kokuzala: Oku kubangelwa kukukrazuka kwe-membrane eyahlula i-vitreous cavity kwi-retina. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yimilo yenqanawa okanye imilo ye-D kuba ibonakala imilo "yenqanawa" okanye "D".
• Ukopha kwegazi kwi-vitreous: Ingaphakathi leengqayi zethu zamehlo lizaliswe yinto efana nejeli eyenziwe ngamanzi kunye ne-collagen. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-vitreous gel. Le meko yenzeka xa igazi liphuma kwi-retina lisiya kumngxuma oqulethe le vitreous.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana ukopha kwe-retina?

Le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo banokuba nayo. Umzekelo:

• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini (hyperlipidemia)
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Ukucutheka nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis)
• Isifo Seswekile (`Isifo Seswekile`)
• Ukonakala kweMacular

Lo mngcipheko uphezulu nakubantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi (umz., i-aspirin okanye i-warfarin).

Ungamangaliswa kukuba iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa nazo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nale meko. Malunga nesiqingatha seentsana ezizalwa ngeendlela zokuncedisa ekubelekeni, ezinje ngokukhupha i-vacuum okanye ukuhambisa i-forceps, zinokuba nokopha kwe-retina xa zizalwa.

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko ngenxa yeengxaki zamehlo eziqhelekileyo eziza nokwaluphala.

Zithini iimpawu zokopha kwe-retina?

Abantu abaninzi banale meko kodwa abanazo iimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu, uya kuqaphela utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Ukungaboni kakuhle kancinci kancinci okanye kube lufifi kancinci kancinci.
• Ukubonakala kwamabala angaboniyo embonweni.
• Amabala amnyama okanye amabala abonakalayo.
• Ukubona izibane (zikhanya) okanye ukuziva ngathi zizinto (ezidadayo) phambi kwamehlo.

Zithini izizathu zokopha kwe-retina?

Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukonakala kwamehlo okanye imithambo yegazi ixesha elide, okanye kukwenzakala ngequbuliso (ukwenzakala). Ezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Ukonzakala.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi (iimeko ezichaphazela imithambo yegazi yakho).
• Iingxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba.

Ukongeza, izifo ezifana ne-leukemia kunye nosulelo olufana ne-bacterial endocarditis nazo zinokubangela oku. Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala, le meko inokubangelwa zizifo zamehlo ezinxulumene nokukhula ezifana ne-macular degeneration.

Nokuba uyazi ukuba unenye yezi meko, musa ukucinga ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nokopha kwegazi kwi-retina. Kwakhona, le meko inokwenzeka nokuba awuyazi ukuba unenye yezi meko.

Kungoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha ukuze ukwazi ukubona iimpawu ezilumkisayo kwangethuba zemeko enokubangela ukopha kwe-retina kwixesha elizayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yokwenzakala?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulimala okubangela oku:

• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Nakuphi na ukwenzakala entloko okanye emehlweni kunokonakalisa imithambo yegazi kwi-retina.
• I-Shaken Baby Syndrome: Ukushukumisa umntwana okanye umntwana omncinci kunokubangela ukopha ebuchotsheni nakwi-retina. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoko ke kuphephe ukushukumisa abantwana abancinci.
• Ukugula kwindawo ephakamileyo: Xa ngequbuliso uye kwindawo ephakamileyo, uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwamehlo akho lunokutshintsha luze lubangele ukopha kwi-retina yakho. Oku kunokwenzeka nakubantu abantywila kwi-scuba abaphuma emanzini anzulu ngequbuliso.
• Ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide (CO): Oku kwenzeka xa uphefumla umsi oqulethe i-carbon monoxide (CO). Ukuphefumla amanqanaba aphezulu e-CO, nokuba yimizuzu embalwa, kunokukwenza ugule kakhulu okanye ufe.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yesifo semithambo yegazi?

Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina kunokubangelwa zizifo ezonakalisa okanye ezivala imithambo yegazi yakho. Ezi zifo ziyingozi ngakumbi kuba zihlala zingabonisi zimpawu de kubekho iingxaki. Ezona zifo ziqhelekileyo zemithambo yegazi ezibangela ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina zezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal (ii-RVO)
• I-Preeclampsia emva kokubeleka
• I-anemia

Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yeengxaki zokuzikhusela komzimba?

Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo ziyenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela umzimba wakho ngempazamo endaweni yokukukhusela. Akucaci kakuhle ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Ezinye iintlobo zezifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo zingonakalisa i-retina yakho kwaye zibangele ukopha. Imizekelo:

• Isifo Seswekile (`Isifo Seswekile`)
• I-Lupus
• I-Vasculitis (ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi)

Indlela yokubona ukopha kwe-retina?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo.Yile nto ifunyaniswayo. Uza kujonga amehlo akho (kuquka nangaphakathi) aze enze uvavanyo lokubona .

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni ebangela ukopha okanye kubonwe ukuba umonakalo owenziweyo kwi-retina ungakanani. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lolu:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga usulelo kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol.
• I-Angiography ( uvavanyo oluthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi).
• Umzobo weMagnetic Resonance (MRI) .

Iphathwa njani i-retinal hemorrhages?

Indlela ephathwa ngayo le nto ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Yintoni isizathu?
• Ingakanani impembelelo yombono wakho?
• Ingakanani ingozi yokopha kwe-retina?

Uninzi lwabantu aludingi naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo. Ukuba unengxaki yokopha kancinci, ayibi mandundu, kwaye ayichaphazeli umbono wakho, mhlawumbi okufuneka ukwenze kukujonga amehlo akho ngugqirha wakho ukuze abone ukuba ukopha kuyaziphilisa na.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna unyango, ungenza enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Lungisa ukopha nge-laser okanye i-cryotherapy .
• Utyando lokulungisa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso okanye ukubopha kwakhona i-retina.
• Ukujova iyeza elifana ne -anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) okanye i- corticosteroid ukunciphisa ukudumba ngaphakathi kweliso.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa kwi-retina ukopha?

Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kukuxelela ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze uphile, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nesizathu sokopha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunokuthatha iiveki ezininzi ukuze uphile emva kotyando.

Ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho, kunokufuneka uphephe ukusebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi, afana nee-pain relievers ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwe-odolo (ii-OTC NSAIDs). Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo ngale nto.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-retina hemorrhage?

Abantu abaninzi bayachacha ngokupheleleyo kule meko, nangona sele betyandiwe.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukopha kwe-retina kunokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kwi-retina yakho, okuchaphazela umbono wakho ubomi bakho bonke. Okanye, unokuba nombono ophantsi emva kwesi sifo.

Ungayithintela njani ukopha kwe-retina?

Eyona ndlela ingcono yokuthintela oku kukuphepha iimeko ezibangela oku. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo okunamafutha agcweleyo nangenazo ii-trans, i-cholesterol, i-sodium (ityuwa), kunye neswekile.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Ingakumbi ukulawula naziphi na iimeko zempilo, ezinje ngeswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha kunye nogqirha wamehlo.

Ndifanele ndizihlole nini amehlo am?

Ukujonga amehlo akho rhoqo kunye nokubona kunokunceda ingcali yamehlo ukuba ifumanise iingxaki kwangethuba. Ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwiminyaka yakho:

• Abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi.
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-54 ubudala: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Unyaka ngamnye ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.

Ukuba unxiba iiglasi, unxibe izinto ezidibanayo, okanye ufuna olunye uncedo lokubona, unokufuna ukuhlolwa amehlo akho rhoqo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile nabo kufuneka bahlolwe amehlo abo rhoqo. Buza ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho, bonana nogqirha okanye ingcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza .

Ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo , yiya ngqo kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER):

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yamehlo.
• Ukuba ubona izibane ezintsha (`ziyakhanya`) okanye izinto (`ziyaphaphazela`) phambi kwamehlo akho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unesifo sokopha esibangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Yintoni ebangela oku kuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina elisweni lam?
• Loluphi uhlobo lokuphuma kwegazi kwi-retina endinalo?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando?
• Ngaba oku kuya kuba nefuthe elihlala lihleli kumbono wam?

Ngaba ukopha kwe-retina kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-retina zizinto ezifanayo?

Ewe, nangona zombini ezi ziingxaki ezinkulu ezichaphazela i-retina, kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo zombini.

Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina yimeko apho imithambo yegazi kwi-retina igqabhuka ize yophe igazi ngenxa yomonakalo weliso lakho. Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso, ngenxa yokwenzakala, okanye kusenokwenzeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengangenxa yesifo semithambo yegazi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kweRetinalKulapho i-retina yakho isuka khona kwizicubu ezingasemva kweliso lakho ezixhasayo. Oku kunokubangela ukopha kwi-retina. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kudla ngokungabangeli ntlungu. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana utshintsho embonweni wakho, njengokukhanya okukhawulezileyo, umbono ofipheleyo, okanye ukulahleka ngequbuliso kombono kwelinye iliso. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala kunye neemeko ezifana ne-uveitis, okukudumba komaleko ophakathi kweliso.

Ukuba ulahlekelwa kukubona kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, okanye ukuba uqala ukubona ukukhanya okutsha kunye nokudada, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba ukopha kwe-retina kunye nokopha kwe-subconjunctival yinto enye?

Zombini ezi meko zokopha ngaphakathi kweliso. Umahluko kukuba ukopha kuya phi.

Ukopha kwegazi kwi-retina kuchaphazela i-retina – umaleko weeseli ezingasemva kweliso.

Ukopha kwegazi okubangelwa yi-subconjunctival kukuqhuma komthambo wegazi phezu komphezulu weliso lakho. I-conjunctiva yinwebu encinci, ecacileyo ekhusela iliso lakho. Oku kudla ngokubonakala kubomvu kuphela, akuchaphazeli umbono wakho, kwaye kuyaphola ngokwako.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:

Ukopha kwegazi emqolo yimeko efuna ingqalelo ethile. Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokulawulwa kakuhle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni okanye ekuboneni kwakho.

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezinjalo kwangethuba.
• Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, zilawule kakuhle.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni akulunganga emehlweni kuphela, kodwa nakumzimba wonke.

Khumbula, amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu, ngoko ke luxanduva lwakho ukuwanyamekela.

ukopha kwe - retina, i-retina, ukopha emehlweni, ukulahleka kokubona, isifo samehlo, isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu