Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lwamehlo: Masifunde nge-Retinoscopy.

Ngaba wakha wahlolwa amehlo? Okanye wakha wamsa umntwana wakho kwingcali yamehlo? Ngelo xesha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba wawukhe weva igama elithi 'retinoscopy'. Eli linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo lwamehlo. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni le retinoscopy, yintoni eyenzayo, kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani.

Yintoni i-Retinoscopy?

Ngamafutshane, i-retinoscopy luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olusetyenziswa yingcali yamehlo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umbono wakho, okanye iimpazamo zokuhombisa amehlo akho. Basebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esiphathwa ngesandla kunye nesibane ukwenza oku. Olu kukhanya luthunyelwa elisweni lakho, apho lufika khona kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso lakho, luze lubonakale emva.

Nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi ezintsha zokuhlola amehlo kule mihla, le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-retinoscopy isathandwa kakhulu. Idla ngokwenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo.

Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni amehlo abo bangakwaziyo ukuxelela ugqirha ngeengxaki zabo. Khawucinge nje, umntwana omncinci angakuxelela njani ngendlela abona ngayo?

Kwakhona:

• Kwabantwana abancinci kakhulu (kwanasekuzalweni)
• Kwabo bangaluqondiyo ulwimi oluthethwa ngugqirha kwaye baneengxaki zolwimi
• Kwabo bakhubazekileyo engqondweni
• Olu vavanyo lubalulekile xa kufikwa ekunikeni abantu abaneengxaki zobuchopho ezinxulumene nobudala (umz. i-dementia) .

Enye into kukuba indlela ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-retinoscopy inokufumanisa nokuba amehlo akho anengxaki yokugxila kumgama owahlukileyo.

Isebenza kanjani lento?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba olu vavanyo lwe-retinoscopy lusebenza njani. Xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni lakho, kudlula kwi-cornea nakwilensi engaphakathi kweliso, kuze kufike kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso. Emva koko ukukhanya kubuyiselwa umva, kanye njengokuba ukukhanya kubuyiselwa esipilini.

Olu kukhanya lubonakalisiweyo lubangela ukuba i-pupil yeliso lakho ibonakale ibomvu, okanye ikhazimle. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi yi -'Fundus reflex' okanye 'i-Red reflex' . Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba ngamanye amaxesha xa uthatha ifoto, amehlo akho abonakala ebomvu, yiloo nto eyenzekayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, uvavanyo lwamehlo luya kulinganisa ubuchule bakho bokubona, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba unombono opheleleyo we-20/20 . Umbono opheleleyo we-20/20 linqanaba apho amehlo amabini aphilileyo anokubona ngokucacileyo. Kumntu onale nqanaba lokubona, imitha yokukhanya ebonakala kwi-retina kufuneka ilingane njengoko iphuma kweliso.

Kodwa ukuba unempazamo yokubona izinto ngendlela engalunganga – ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, ukubona izinto ezikude, okanye ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga – le mitha yokukhanya igobile kwaye ayiphumi ngendlela ethe tye. Kulapho ugqirha wamehlo esebenzisa khona i-retinoscopy ukuze abone ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwelensi oluya kwenza le mitha yokukhanya iphume ngaxeshanye. Elo lungiso lilo kanye eli liyi-prescription yakho. Uyayazi?

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokufunyaniswa nge-retinoscopy?

Olu vavanyo lwe-retinoscopy lunokunceda ekuxilongeni ezinye izifo zamehlo. Umzekelo:

• I-Amblyopia: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi- "lazy eye." Yimeko apho elinye iliso lingaboni kakuhle kunelinye. Ukuba lifunyenwe kwangethuba, linokunyangeka.
• I-Presbyopia: Le yimeko echaphazela abantu abaninzi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala . Yimeko apho ungakwazi ukubona izinto ezikufutshane nawe ngokucacileyo, njengokujonga incwadi okanye iphephandaba, okanye ukufaka inaliti.
• I-Strabismus: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cross-eye . Kulapho amehlo ejikwa khona ajonga amacala ahlukeneyo endaweni yokukhomba kwicala elinye. Kubalulekile nokuqaphela oku ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akufuneki wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukulungiselela i-retinoscopy (okanye uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo oluquka oku). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, kunokubakho izinto ezincinci onokuzenza. Ukuba zikhona, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kukuxelela ngazo ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ukuba unxiba iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela nokuba kufuneka uzithathe ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-retinoscopy rhoqo, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kubeka amathontsi akhethekileyo emehlweni akho (amayeza e-cycloplegic). La mayeza ayawathintela amehlo akho ekuzameni ukugxila ngokuzenzekelayo ngexesha lovavanyo. Ukuba ayakwenza oko, kuya kuba nzima kugqirha ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo inani leeglasi zakho.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha uza kwenza inkqubo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -dynamic retinoscopy , la mathontsi awayi kusetyenziswa ngaphambi kokuba ahlolwe kuba uvavanyo luxhomekeke kwindlela amehlo akho ajonga ngayo ngokwemvelo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?

Ngexesha lovavanyo, uza kuhlala esitulweni kwigumbi elimnyama. Ugqirha wamehlo uza kuhlala phambi kwakho. Esinye sezixhobo abaza kusisebenzisa yi -retinoscope . Esi sisixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla esifana nethotshi enamandla kunye neglasi yokukhulisa imbonakalo. Sinokukhanyisa iliso lakho size silijonge kakuhle.

Into elandelayo ebaluleke kakhulu kukufaka iilensi zobukhulu obahlukeneyo uze ujonge utshintsho ekukhanyeni olubonwa ngumfundi weliso lakho. Zimbini iindlela eziphambili zokwenza oku:

• I-phoropter: Esi sisixhobo esimile okwebhabhathane esingena ebusweni bakho sinemingxuma emibini ukuze ubone ngaphaya. Sineelensi ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ugqirha unokufaka ngokukhawuleza isibini ngasinye seeglasi.
• Iilensi eziphathwayo: Ezi zinokuza ngendlela "yekhadi lelensi," oko kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani ngabunye belensi buncamathiselwe kwiphepha elithe tyaba. Okanye zinokuza njengeelensi "ezikhululekileyo" ezizodwa. Nangona iilensi zinokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwikhadi lelensi, xa usebenzisa iilensi ngazinye, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa ufaka ilensi nganye nganye ngexesha.

Xa ugqirha ekhanyisa ngeli lensi elisweni lakho, elibizwa ngokuba yi-retinoscope, bakhangela utshintsho oluthile kwi-red reflex ebonakala kumfundi wakho. Olu tshintsho lulandelayo:

• Ukushukuma kwelensi: Ugqirha angabona ukuba ilensi ingakanani na, incinci kakhulu, okanye inkulu kakhulu ngokujonga indlela le lensi ehamba ngayo.
• I-engile yombono: Le engile yombono yiyo enceda ugqirha ukuba afumanise ukuba une -astigmatism (imeko apho umbono ufiphele ngenxa yotshintsho oluncinci kwimo yeliso).
• Inkangeleko yelensi: Wakuba ufumene iiglasi ezifanelekileyo kuwe, indlela ebukeka ngayo le lensi nayo iya kutshintsha.

Njengoko ugqirha ekhanyisa iliso lakho ngelensi, bahambisa ukukhanya phezulu nasezantsi, ekhohlo nasekunene, nangaphaya amaxesha amaninzi. Batshintsha neelensi abazisebenzisayo. Bakwenza oku amaxesha amaninzi, bema phakathi ukuze balungise ukukhanya kwi-retinoscope, okanye babhale amanqaku.

Yintoni iDynamic Retinoscopy?

I-Retinoscopy yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuhlola amehlo akho ukuze ubone izinto ezikufutshane nawe, oko kukuthi ukuvavanya amandla awo okugxila. Olu buchule bokugxila kufutshane lubizwa ngokuba yi-accommodation . I-Dynamic Retinoscopy yindlela engasetyenziswa yingcali yamehlo ukuvavanya olu buchule.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho usebenzisa iDynamic Retinoscopy ukujonga amandla okugxila kweliso lakho, uvavanyo lufana kakhulu nolwangaphambili, kodwa lusenokungasebenzisi iilensi zokukhulisa. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho uya kukucela ukuba ujonge izinto ezikumgama owahlukileyo. Ezinye izinto ziya kuba phakathi kwakho nogqirha, ngelixa ezinye ziya kuba ngasemva kogqirha (kodwa zibonakala kwicala likagqirha okanye ngaphezulu kwegxalaba lakhe).

Xa ujonga ezi zinto, ugqirha ujonga ukukhanya okukumfundi wakho ngokukhanya kwe-retinoscope yakhe. Indlela ukukhanya okuhamba ngayo yindlela ugqirha agqiba ngayo ukuba amandla amehlo akho okugxila (avumelane) asebenza kakuhle na.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kovavanyo?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho usebenzise amaconsi eliso (amayeza e-cycloplegic) ukwandisa i-pupil yakho okanye ukuthintela amehlo akho ukuba angajolisi, amehlo akho aya kuhlala evulekile okwethutyana emva kovavanyo. Ixesha elithathayo ukuba la mayeza aphele liyahluka. Ngokwesiqhelo kunokuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa. Ingcali yakho yamehlo iya kukuxelela ukuba oku kuya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani.

Umbono wakho usenokuba ungacacanga ngeli xesha, kwaye ungaziva ukhululekile ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha wakho angakunika iiglasi zelanga zexeshana (`ii-sunshades`) onokuthi uzinxibe. Kuba amathontsi amehlo athintela ii-irises zakho ukuba zinganciphi ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo kwaye anciphise ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena emehlweni akho.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kolu vavanyo?

Enyanisweni, akukho mingcipheko mikhulu okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-retinoscopy. Amayeza e-cycloplegic akhankanyiweyo ngaphambili anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci, kodwa zihlala zincinci (umz., ukubomvu okuncinci kwamehlo, ukurhawuzelela). Abanye abantu abanovakalelo lokukhanya okukhanyayo (okubizwa ngokuba yi -photophobia ) banokufumanisa ezinye iindawo zenkqubo ye-retinoscopy zinzima kancinci. Ukuba unovakalelo olunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngayo ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onazo malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamaconsi amehlo.

Uzifumana njani iziphumo?

Emva kokuba ugqirha wamehlo egqibile i-retinoscopy, uza kubala imithi yakho (okanye yothandekayo wakho ukuba uvavanyo luyenziwa) yeglasi zakho, okanye imithi yokujonga. Le mithi ifana nqwa nemithi oyifumanayo kuvavanyo lwe-subjective refraction. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza yonke into malunga nale mithi kunye nento eza kukwenzela yona.

Kuthekani ukuba iziphumo azibonisi umbono oqhelekileyo (20/20)?

Ukuba iziphumo zibonisa ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo aninawo umbono oqhelekileyo "(20/20)", ungakhathazeki. Ingcali yamehlo yakho iya kuthetha nawe ngeendlela zokulungisa umbono wakho.

Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iiglasi zamehlo
• Iilensi zokujonga

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukwenza utyando lokulungisa umbono olufana ne -'LASIK' emva kokufumana iingcebiso zonyango.

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-prescription elungileyo ifana nesuti eyenzelwe ukulinganisa kwaye ikulingana ngokugqibeleleyo. Ingcali yamehlo esebenzisa i-retinoscopy ifana nomthungi onobuchule, othunga ngesandla yonke into ukuze ilingane kakuhle.

Nangona le ndlela, ebizwa ngokuba yi-retinoscopy, ineminyaka engaphezu kwe-150 ubudala, iseyindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, nokuba yeyakho okanye yomntu omthandayo, unokuqiniseka ukuba ingcali yakho yokhathalelo lwamehlo iya kusebenzisa i-retinoscopy ukukunika amayeza afanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho.

Ngoko ke akukho nto yokoyika okanye yokukrokrela ngale nto. Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo akho.

Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo xa usiya kuhlolwa amehlo uze ubuze nge-retinoscopy, ngoku uyazi ukuba ibaluleke kwaye iluncedo kangakanani!

I- retinoscopy, uhlolo lwamehlo, umbono, iimpazamo zokuchasana nokukhanya, ingcali yamehlo, i-retina, iiglasi zamehlo