Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga neRhO [D] Antibody Vaccine (RhO [D] Immune Globulin)!

Ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lakho `lune-Rh` negative` kwaye uhlobo lwegazi losana lwakho olungekazalwa `lune-Rh` positive`, okanye ukuba kufuneka utofelwe igazi `lune-Rh` positive, ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ngeyeza elikhethekileyo, isitofu. Eso sisitofu esibizwa ngokuba yi-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`. Nangona igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, eli liyeza elibaluleke kakhulu. Masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe , ngamazwi alula, akunjalo?

Yintoni le RhO [D] Immune Globulin?

Ngamafutshane, esi sisitofu sokugonya esiqulethe uhlobo oluthile lwe-antibody. Ezi antibodies zenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuchasene ne-antigen ebizwa ngokuba yi-RhO [D]. Cinga ngayo njengenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu. Kodwa okwenzekayo apha kukuba ii-antibodies ezinikezelwa ngaphandle zithintela imizimba yethu ekuveliseni ezinye ii-antibodies eziyingozi. Oku kudla ngokunikezelwa ukukhusela abantu abane-Rh negative ekubeni bazive bengenwa ziiseli zegazi ezine-Rh positive.

Ifuneka nini le gonyo?

Olu gonyo lubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi eziphambili.

1. Umama ongenayo i-Rh kunye nomntwana one-Rh

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lokusetyenziswa kwesi sitofu. Khawucinge nje, uhlobo lwegazi likamama aluna-Rh` negative. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi likamama azina-proteni ekhethekileyo ethi `Rh`. Kodwa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana esibelekweni lune-`Rh` positive. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana zinayo loo proteni ethi `Rh`.

Ngexesha lokuzala, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, okanye ngesinye isizathu ngexesha lokukhulelwa (umzekelo, ngexesha lovavanyo olufana ne-amniocentesis), ezinye zeeseli zegazi zomntwana ezine-Rh zingangena kwinkqubo yegazi kamama ene-Rh-negative. Okwenzekayo kukuba umzimba kamama uyaziqonda ezi seli ze-Rh-positive zomntwana njenge "zangaphandle" kwaye ziqala ukwenza ii-antibodies (ii-anti-RhD antibodies) ngokuchasene nazo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh sensitization.

Oku kudla ngokungabi nampembelelo ingako kumntwana wokuqala one-'Rh' positive'. Kuba xa ezo antibodies zisenziwa, umntwana unokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ikwixesha lokukhulelwa okulandelayo. Ukuba umama ukhulelwe omnye umntwana one-'Rh' positive', ezo antibodies zenziwe ngaphambili ziwela kwi-placenta zize ziqale ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntwana omtsha. Oku kunokubangela i-anemia, i-jaundice, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kwanokufa kumntwana. Ukuthintela loo meko iyingozi, oomama abane-'Rh' positive' banikwa esi sitofu se-'RhO [D] Immune Globulin' ngexesha lokukhulelwa (malunga neeveki ezingama-28) nasemva kokubeleka (ukuba umntwana une-'Rh' positive'). Esi sitofu siyawuthintela umzimba kamama ekuveliseni ezo antibodies ziyingozi.

2. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

Le yenye imeko ekhethekileyo. `ITP`, ngokufutshane, sisifo apho iiplatelets (iiseli ezinceda ekumiseni ukopha kunye nokujiya kwegazi) egazini lethu zincipha ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kwimeko enjalo, olu gonyo lwe-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` lunceda ukwandisa inani leeplatelets kwabanye abaguli be-`Rh` positive `(ITP)`. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunikwa wonke umguli we-`ITP`, kugqitywa ngugqirha.

3. Ukuba umntu one-Rh negative utofelwe igazi eline-Rh

Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ukuba umntu ongenayo i-Rh` ufumana igazi eliyi-Rh` (umz. kwingozi, ngempazamo), umzimba waloo mntu unokuqalisa ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene neeseli ze-Rh``, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Olu gonyo lukwasetyenziselwa ukuthintela oko.

Ukongeza kwezi zizathu ziphambili, olu gonyo lungasetyenziswa nakwezinye iimeko zonyango. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye ikhemisti.

Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka uzixelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ufumane olu gonyo?

Ngaphambi kokuba unikwe le vaccine ye-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iqela lezonyango laziswe ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nemeko yakho yempilo. Kuba olo lwazi luya kugqiba ukuba eli yeza lifanelekile na kuwe okanye akunjalo, kwaye lifanele linikwe njani. Nazi izinto ekufuneka zithethwe:

• Ukuba unengxaki yokopha (ezifana ne-hemophilia).
• Ukuba uvavanyo lwezonyango luqinisekisile ukuba umzimba wakho unezinga eliphantsi le-antibody immunoglobulin A (Immunoglobulin A okanye IgA) .
• Ukuba awunayo i-spleen (umzekelo, ukuba isuswe ngotyando).
• Ukuba wakha waba ne-allergy kwi-immune globulin yomntu , naluphi na olunye unyango, ukutya, iidayi, okanye izithinteli, nokuba zincinci, nceda usixelele.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uzama ukukhulelwa okwangoku.
• Ukuba ungumama oncancisayo .

Xa ezi zinto zithethwe ngokuchanekileyo, ugqirha angakunyanga ngokukhuselekileyo.

Uza kunikwa njani olu gonyo?

Eli yeza, elibizwa ngokuba yi-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, linikwa njengenaliti. Linokunikwa njengenaliti ye-`intramuscular` (umzekelo, engalweni okanye empundu) okanye ngqo emthanjeni (inaliti ye-intravenous) . Indlela elinikwa ngayo ixhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye negama lophawu lweyeza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu gonyo lunikwa kuphela yingcali yezonyango eqeqeshiweyo, esibhedlele okanye eklinikhi . Awuyi kuvunyelwa ukuba uluthathe uye nalo ekhaya.

Ngaba ninika abantwana oku?

Njengoko kuchaziwe kweli nqaku, eli yeza alikavunyelwa okwangoku ukuba lisetyenziswe ebantwaneni, ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wezingane malunga nokulisebenzisa kumntwana omncinci.

Kuthekani ukuba ndithatha amayeza amaninzi kakhulu? (Umthamo ogqithisileyo)

Ukuba ucinga okanye ukrokrela ukuba usele eli yeza kakhulu, fowunela ngokukhawuleza kwiziko lokulawula ityhefu elikufutshane okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.

Oku kwenzelwe wena kuphela!

Eli yeza limiselwe wena wedwa. Musa ukwabelana ngalo nabanye abantu, nokuba baneempawu ezifanayo nezakho.

Ndenza ntoni ukuba ndiphoswa ngumhla wokugonywa ocwangcisiweyo?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha olu gonyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ingakumbi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Ukuba uphoswe yidosi, ungoyiki kwaye ufowunele ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezempilo ngokukhawuleza. Baza kukuxelela into omawuyenze emva koko.

Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukusebenzisana nale gonyo?

Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesi sitofu sokugonya se-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ezi zimbini zisetyenziswa kunye, isiphumo sesinye sinokuncitshiswa, sande, okanye kubekho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

• Iigonyo zentsholongwane ephilayo: Le yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka uyixhalabele. Le `RhO [D] Immune Globulin` inokudibana neegonyo ezineentsholongwane eziphilayo ezifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, kunye ne-rubella. Ke ngoko, emva kokufumana olu gonyo lwe-`RhO [D]`, akuqhelekanga ukuba ufumane iigonyo zentsholongwane ephilayo kangangeenyanga ezi-3. Ukuba uza kufumana olu gonyo, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ulufumene olu gonyo lwe-`RhO [D]`.

Olu luhlu alubandakanyi zonke iindlela zokunxibelelana ezinokwenzeka. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo (amayeza amiselweyo, athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, awezityalo, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo zokutya). Kwakhona, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uyatshaya, usela utywala, okanye usebenzisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.

Izinto ekufuneka uzilumkele ngakumbi xa usebenzisa olu gonyo:

Kukho ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi malunga nale gonyo.

Yenziwe ngegazi lomntu

"Le `RhO [D] Immune Globulin` yokugonya yenziwe ngeplasma yegazi lomntu . Ke ngoko, nangona ingaqhelekanga , kunokubakho umngcipheko wethiyori wokudlulisela ezinye izifo (umz. iintsholongwane) ngale nto. Nangona kunjalo, ungakhathazeki ngale nto. Kuba abanikeli begazi kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni eli yeza ziyavavanywa ngokungqongqo kakhulu. Kwakhona, kuthathwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa ukususa nokuvala iintsholongwane. Ke ngoko, umngcipheko wokudlulisela izifo uphantsi kakhulu."Nangona kunjalo, nceda uxoxe ngale nto nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, kuquka iingozi kunye neenzuzo."

Ingxabano ngemigonyo yentsholongwane ephilayo

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba ucwangciselwe ukufumana ugonyo lwe-virus ephilayo (umz., ugonyo lwe-MMR) kwiinyanga ezi-3 ezizayo emva kokufumana ugonyo lwe-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin`, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ingcali yakho yezempilo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-antibodies ezikule `RhO [D] Immune Globulin` zinokusabela kunye neentsholongwane ezikule ugonyo kwaye zikuthintele ekufumaneni ukhuseleko olupheleleyo olufunekayo kwigonyo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho xa usebenzisa olu gonyo?

Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, olu gonyo lwe-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwabanye abantu. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki kubo bonke abantu. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga konke konke.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekufuneka uzixele kugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko, kuba zinokuba yingozi.

• Iimpawu ze-allergies `(iimpendulo ze-allergy)`:
• Kuvela amaqhakuva eluswini, afana ne-eczema, kwaye ayarhawuzelela umzimba wonke.
• Kuvela amabala afana ne-hives.
• Ukudumba kobuso, imilebe, ulwimi okanye umqala (oku kunokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla).
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla , ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye uziva ufuthanisekile.
• Ukuba uziva iintlungu esifubeni okanye ukuxinana , okanye ukuba intliziyo yakho ivakalelwa ngathi ibetha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba amehlo okanye ulusu lwakho luba tyheli (i-jaundice) okanye umchamo wakho uba mnyama (ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zokonakala kwesibindi).
• Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, ukuhlanza, intamo eqinileyo, ukuva ukukhanya (ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zemeko efana ne-meningitis, kodwa azifane zenzeke).
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ukuquleka.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezihlala zingadingi nyango, kodwa kufuneka zixelwe kugqirha wakho ukuba ziyaqhubeka okanye ziyakhathaza:

Ezi zifo zihlala ziphela kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini, kodwa ukuba ziyaqhubeka okanye zikwenza ungakhululeki, xelela ugqirha wakho .

• Umkhuhlane (mhlawumbi kunye nokubanda okuncinci).
• Intlungu, ukubomvu, ukudumba, okanye ubulukhuni kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti .
• Intloko ebuhlungu (ethambileyo).
• Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha .
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe, ndidiniwe .

Olu luhlu aluzizo zonke iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga okanye entsha, ungathandabuzi ukubonana nogqirha wakho. E-United States, ungaxela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwi-FDA (Food and Drug Administration) ku-1-800-FDA-1088.

Ndingaligcina njani eli yeza?

Le yinto ongenakuxhalaba ngayo. Ngenxa yokuba isitofu se-`RhO [D] Immune Globulin` sinikwa esibhedlele okanye ekliniki, akufuneki usiyise ekhaya okanye usigcine. Siza kugcinwa kubushushu obufanelekileyo kwaye sigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngabasebenzi bezonyango.

Okokugqibela, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda kakuhle i-'RhO [D] Immune Globulin' vaccine esithethe ngayo. Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi yingongoma enzima, kulula kakhulu xa sele uqonda ukubaluleka kwayo. Masiphinde sihlolisise iingongoma eziphambili ekufuneka sizikhumbule:

• Olu gonyo luyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokhuseleko, ingakumbi koomama abangenayo i-Rh abalindele umntwana one-Rh, ukuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu ekukhulelweni kwixesha elizayo.
• Olu gonyo lukwaluncedo nakwezinye iimeko ezifana ne-`Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)` kunye nakwiimeko zotofelo-gazi olungahambelaniyo lwe-`Rh`.
• Qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na ezinye izifo onazo, zonke amayeza owasebenzisayo (amayeza amiselweyo, athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha, emveli, e-Ayurvedic, e-homeopathic), kunye nazo naziphi na ii-allergies onokuba nazo ngaphambi kokuba ugonywe .
• Nangona esi sitofu senziwe ngezinto ezisetyenziswa egazini lomntu, kuthathwe onke amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulisela usulelo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ngokungeyomfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
• Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ingakumbi naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga esizixubushile ngaphambili, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
• Ekubeni eli liyeza elinikwa esibhedlele okanye ekliniki, akufuneki ukhathazeke ngokuligcina ekhaya.

Eli nqaku lisisishwankathelo nje se-'RhO [D] Immune Globulin' vaccine. Alinalo lonke ulwazi. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga nale yeza, nceda ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho, ikhemisti okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwaziswa ngempilo yakho!

` RhO [D] I-Immune Globulin, ugonyo lwe-Anti-D, i-Rh negative, i-Rh positive, ukukhulelwa, utofelo-gazi, i-ITP