Ingaba liqhuma emlonyeni? Ngaba eli lisenokuba ngumhlaza wendlala yamathe? Masifumane iinkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha waziva iqhuma emlonyeni wakho, esidleleni sakho, okanye entanyeni yakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa oko kusenzeka, akunjalo? Kodwa ayizizo zonke iqhuma eziyingozi kumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokubangelwa yingxaki kwi-salivary glands zethu, oko kukuthi, i-saliva glands. Namhlanje, masithethe ngalo mhlaza we-salivary gland ngokweenkcukacha, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.

Yintoni umhlaza we-salivary gland?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza we-salivary gland ngumhlaza okhula kwii-salivary glands zethu, ii-glands ezivelisa amathe. Uyazi, ezi-salivary glands zifumaneka emlonyeni nasemqaleni wethu. Zivelisa amathe. Yile saliva esinceda siqale ukugaya ukutya esikutyayo.

Ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeethumba ezenzeka kwezi glands zamathe.

• Iithumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza: Ezi azizo zomhlaza, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela iingxaki.
• Iithumba ezinobungozi: Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ngumhlaza.

Zombini ezi ntlobo zeethumba zinokukhula nakweyiphi na i-salivary glands yethu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza we-salivary gland awuqhelekanga . Umalunga ne-1% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Ezona ntlobo zimbini zixhaphakileyo yiMucoepidermoid Carcinoma kunye neAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Xa zizonke, ezi ntlobo zimbini zimalunga nesiqingatha sazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza we-salivary gland.

Ngubani onokuba nomhlaza we-salivary gland ngakumbi?

Oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe ukuba amadoda anamathuba amancinci okufumana ezi thumba zinomhlaza. Ukongeza, usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nale meko ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-55 ubudala.
• Ukuba utshaya okanye usela utywala rhoqo, ezi zizinto ezibangela izifo ezininzi.
• Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lwe-radiation entloko okanye entanyeni ngaphambili.
• Eminye imisebenzi ethile , efana nabalungisi beeplamba, iinkampani zokwenza irabha, imigodi ye-asbestos, okanye imveliso yeempahla zesikhumba, kuthiwa isengozini enkulu kancinci.

Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza we-salivary gland zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneentsholongwane ezithile, ezifana ne-Epstein-Barr virus kunye ne-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Nangona kunjalo , oku akuthethi ukuba ezi ntsholongwane zibangela umhlaza . Olu nxibelelwano lusaphandwa.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-salivary gland?

Inyaniso kukuba, imbangela echanekileyo yomhlaza we-salivary gland ayikaziwa.Ezi thumba zinokwakheka nakweyiphi na i-salivary glands emlonyeni wethu. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zenzeka kwi-salivary glands ezintathu eziphambili. Nazi:

• Iindlala zeParotid: Ezi zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwezidlele zethu.
• Iindlala ezingaphantsi kwe-mandibular: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi kwethambo lomhlathi ongezantsi.
• Ii-sublingual glands: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi kolwimi, ecaleni komlomo.

Uninzi lwexesha, zombini izimila ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza ziqala kwi-parotid glands.

Ezi cancer zingakhula nakwii-smary salivary glands, ezingama-small glands afumaneka emlonyeni, elulwimini, emilebeni, emadleleni, ema-sinuses, empumlweni, kwanakwi-larynx. Ii-tumor kwezi glands zincinci azifumaneki lula, kodwa ukuba ziyakhula, uninzi lwazo lunokuba ngumhlaza.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba le mihlaza ayinyangwa, inokuqhekeka isasazeke (i-metastasize) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, nokuba ngegazi okanye ngenkqubo ye-lymphatic. Xa sele injalo, kunokuba nzima ukuyinyanga. Umhlaza we-salivary gland unokusasazeka kwimiphunga, emathanjeni nakwisibindi.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-salivary gland?

Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu abanomhlaza we-salivary gland abanazo naziphi na iimpawu . Nangona kunjalo, uphawu oluphambili oluhlala lubonakala kukukhula kweqhubu elingenabuhlungu kwi-salivary gland.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unethumba elibi, unokufumana nezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngezi:

• Ukuziva ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, okanye emlonyeni.
• Intlungu engapheliyo ebusweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, okanye emlonyeni.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukungakwazi ukushukumisa izihlunu zobuso ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukopha emlonyeni.

Ukuba unento efana nale, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza we-salivary gland?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akuhlole. Uza kubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza, njl. Emva koko uza kuchukumisa amathe aze ajonge amaqhuma. Uza kuvavanya nokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo ebusweni bakho. Uza kukubuza nangeempawu zakho.

Emva koko, ungacelwa ukuba wenze olunye uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ithumba okanye akunjalo kwaye nokuba lingumhlaza. Nazi:

• I-CT scan: Oku kusebenzisa i-X-reyi ukuthatha imifanekiso yeethumba ezikwi-salivary glands. Kufana nomfanekiso we-3D wangaphakathi komzimba. Kungabonisa nobukhulu bethumba nokuba lisasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengemiphunga okanye amathambo.
• I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kusebenzisa imagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi lomzimba. Njenge-CT scan, oku kunokubonisa nobukhulu bethumba. I-MRI ilungile kakhulu ekuboneni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nezihlunu, imithambo yegazi, kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• `I-PET scan` (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Oku kuquka ukufaka inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe emzimbeni ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha i-`PET scan` kunye ne-`CT scan` zingenziwa ngaxeshanye (`PET-CT`).
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili kunye nesampuli yolwelo oluvela kwithumba kwi-salivary gland. Ingcali yezifo emva koko ihlola isampuli kwilebhu ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Le sampuli ingathathwa kusetyenziswa i-fine-needle aspiration okanye i-core needle biopsy.

Khumbula, indlela ekuphela kwayo yokufumanisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ithumba le-salivary gland linomhlaza okanye akunjalo kukwenza i-biopsy.

Inqanaba lalo mhlaza lichongwa njani?

Emva kokuba umhlaza wakho ufunyenwe, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba inqanaba lawo, okanye 'inqanaba lomhlaza.' Oku kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi malunga nomhlaza. Kunokunceda ekumiseleni uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo.

Inqanaba leethumba ezikhula kwiindlala zethu ezinkulu zamathe (`Parotid`, `Submandibular`, `Sublingual`) lichongwa kusetyenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi`TLM system`:

• T (Ithumba): Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba.
• L (Ama-lymph nodes): Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
• M (Metastasis): Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba (owakhiwe yimetastasized).

Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lomhlaza elikhula kwiindlala ezincinci zesalivary limiselwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda inqanaba lomhlaza wakho. Kungakunceda uqonde ukuba loluphi unyango olufumanekayo kuwe kunye nesiphumo salo. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza we-salivary gland?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, utyando lolona nyango lungcono lweethumba ezinokususwa ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ithumba likhula ngokukhawuleza okanye lisasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Iindlela zonyango zezi zilandelayo:

• Utyando:Olu lolona nyango luphambili lwezimila ze-salivary gland ezinomhlaza. Ukongeza ekususweni kwesi sifo, ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, ezo ndawo ze-lymph nodes nazo zingasuswa (i-lymphadenectomy). Emva kotyando, unyango lwe-radiation lunokunikwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kunye nokuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umatshini ukuhambisa imitha kwiiseli zomhlaza nokuzitshabalalisa. Unyango ngemitha ye-photon-beam kunye nonyango ngemitha ye-neutron beam ziintlobo ezimbini zonyango ngemitha ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza we-salivary gland. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa njengenxalenye yonyango lokudambisa iimpawu ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu nyango lusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke ngaphaya kwamadlala amathe waya kwezinye izicwili ngaphaya kwentloko nentamo, unokunikwa unyango lwekhemotherapy.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi . Ezi zizifundo zokubona ukuba unyango olutsha lukhuselekile kwaye lusebenza kangakanani. Unyango olutsha luquka:

• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza okunceda amajoni omzimba wakho ukuba aqaphele kwaye alwe neeseli zomhlaza. Abaphandi bafunda indima yohlobo oluthile lwe-immunotherapy olubizwa ngokuba yi-checkpoint inhibitors ekulweni nomhlaza oqhubekileyo.
• Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Olu nyango lusebenzisa amayeza ukujolisa kwiziphene kwikhowudi yemfuza yeseli yomhlaza, nokuba kukubulala umhlaza okanye ukuwuthintela ukuba ungakhuli. Kukwaqhutywa uphando ukuze kubonwe ukuba olu nyango lujoliswe kulo lusebenza kangakanani kubantu abane-adenoid cystic carcinomas ephucukileyo.
• IiRadiosensitizers: Ezi luhlobo lweyeza elenza iiseli zomhlaza zibe buthathaka ngakumbi kwimitha. Uphando luyaqhubeka ukubona ukuba ezi zinto zinokudityaniswa njani nonyango lwemitha ukunceda ekunyangeni umhlaza we-salivary gland.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo, unganikwa unyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu kunye ukuze uphelise umhlaza kwaye uthintele ukuba ungaphindi uvele.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zezihlunu ze-salivary gland ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi)?

Iithumba ze-salivary gland, nangona zingengomhlaza, zinokuba yingozi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Iimpawu zomhlaza we-salivary gland ziquka ukwanda ngequbuliso, ngokukhawuleza kwethumba elalikho emlonyeni okanye kufutshane nawo, ukuba ndindisholo, ubuthathaka, kunye nentlungu yobuso. Ezi mpawu zinokwenza kube nzima kuwe ukuthetha okanye ukuginya kakuhle.

Ngaba umhlaza we-salivary gland ungathintelwa?

Enyanisweni, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza we-salivary gland.Nangona kunjalo, ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nokutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.

Ngaba umhlaza we-salivary gland unganyangeka?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa kwangethuba , unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Amathuba akho okuchacha axhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Ubungakanani bethumba.
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na.
• Ingaba umhlaza ubuyile na.
• Yeyiphi i-salivary gland equlethe iiseli zomhlaza?
• Indlela iiseli zomhlaza ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga ngayo xa zijongwa ngemicroscope.
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kumhlaza we-salivary gland?

Amazinga okusinda komhlaza yidatha yophando ebonisa ukuba bangaphi abantu abafunyenwe benomhlaza othile abaya kusinda ixesha elithile, ngesiqhelo iminyaka emihlanu. Kwimeko yomhlaza we-salivary gland, eli nani liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Umzekelo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lohlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"mucoepidermoid carcinoma" liphakathi kwe-75% kunye ne-90%. Indawo ye-tumor nayo ibalulekile. Ukuba ilinganiselwe kwi-salivary gland, izinga lokusinda limalunga ne-94%. Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, elo nani liyehla.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu lwazi aluzithatheli ngqalelo izinto ezikungqongileyo – izinto ezifana nemeko yakho yempilo kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.

Ngoko ke, kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba iziphumo zakho ziya kuba zeziphi ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zethumba le-salivary gland, ingakumbi ukuba zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.

Ukuba ubona iqhuma emlonyeni okanye emqaleni wakho elingapheliyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ayizizo zonke iqhuma ezinomhlaza. Zisenokuba yi-cyst okanye i-tumor ye-salivary gland engengomhlaza. Ngugqirha kuphela onokuqinisekisa. Nokuba iqhuma lakho linomhlaza, okukhona ulifumana ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqala unyango, kokukhona amathuba akho okufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ayanda.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda kakuhle i-salivary gland cancer esithethe ngayo namhlanje. Khumbula, ukuba uneziqhuma ezingaqhelekanga, iintlungu, okanye ukungakhululeki emlonyeni okanye emqaleni wakho, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko uze uhlolwe. Ayizizo zonke iziqhuma eziziiqhuma, kodwa ukubhaqwa kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela icebiso elichanekileyo lezonyango. Ukuba unemibuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhululekileyo.

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