Masifunde ngakumbi ngeSalmonella. Esinye isizathu seengxaki zesisu!

Ngoko ke, ngaba ngequbuliso ukhe waphathwa sisisu esibuhlungu waza kwafuneka uhlale endlwini yangasese imini yonke? Isisu sakho sibuhlungu, kwaye usenokuba nomkhuhlane kunye nokuhlanza. Unobangela wezifo ezininzi ezinjalo unokuba yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiSalmonella. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni iSalmonella, kutheni isenzeka, indlela yokuyiphepha, kunye neempawu zayo. Le yinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kufanelekile ukuyazi kakuhle.

Yintoni iSalmonella? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, iSalmonella luhlobo lwebhaktheriya . Xa le bhaktheriya ingena emizimbeni yethu, ibangela ukudumba kwesisu kunye norhudo. Sidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi "Salmonellosis". Ngokuchanekileyo, oku kukudumba kwesisu namathumbu okubangelwa yityhefu yokutya, oko kukuthi, i-gastroenteritis. Olu lolunye lweentlobo eziphambili zetyhefu yokutya ebangelwa yintsholongwane kumazwe anjengeMelika.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktiriya yeSalmonella. Ezinye iintlobo zibangela nezinye izifo, ezifana nomkhuhlane wetyphoid. Kodwa uhlobo esithetha ngalo namhlanje, olubangela ukudumba kwesisu, lolona luxhaphakileyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wakho ukuba une-salmonella?

Khawucinge ukuba le bacteria ye-salmonella ingena emzimbeni wakho ngokutya okanye ngamanzi. I-asidi yesisu sethu kunye nenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba zilwa nezi ntsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani leentsholongwane ezingenayo liyanda, okanye ukuba ukhuselo lwemizimba yethu lubuthathaka, le ntsholongwane ingazidlula ize ibangele ukugula.

Le ntsholongwane yeSalmonella iya ngqo emathunjini ethu. Apho, ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezijikeleze udonga lwangaphakathi lwamathumbu. Xa oku kusenzeka, imizimba yethu ayikwazi ukufunxa amanzi ngokufanelekileyo. Kulapho kuvela khona iintlungu zesisu, kwaye amanzi umzimba ongenakuwafunxa aphuma njengorhudo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-salmonella?

Nabani na angafumana i-salmonella. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuyifumana, okanye ukuba bayayifumana, inokuba yingozi ngakumbi. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Abantu abasebenza okanye abakufutshane nezilwanyana ezithile basengozini enkulu: ingakumbi abo basebenza nezilwanyana ezifana neenkukhu, amadada, iifudo, kunye neengcungcu.
• Kwabo basebenzisa amayeza alwa ne-asidi okanye abasandula ukuwasebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane: Amayeza alwa ne-asidi asetyenziselwa i-gastritis anciphisa i-asidi yesisu. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba iintsholongwane ze-salmonella ziphile. Kwakhona, xa kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emathunjini ethu ziyabulawa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba iintsholongwane ezimbi zikhule.
• Abantu abanesifo samathumbu esibangelwa kukudumba (IBD): Ngenxa yokuba amathumbu onakele yi-IBD, banamathuba amaninzi osulelwa yibhaktheriya yeSalmonella.
• Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala:Abantwana abancinci banokugula lula kuba amajoni abo omzimba akakakhuli ngokupheleleyo.

Kwakhona, kukho abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo ezinzulu ngenxa yosulelo lweSalmonella:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kunye neentsana ezingaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-12.
• Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka: Oku kuthetha abantu abane-HIV, abo bafumana unyango lomhlaza (i-chemotherapy), okanye abo bane-immune system ebuthathaka ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye amayeza.
• Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell: I-Salmonella inokubangela usulelo lwamathambo olubizwa ngokuba yi-osteomyelitis. Le yingxaki engaqhelekanga.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iSalmonella?

I-Salmonella yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela ubuthi ekutyeni. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi e-United States kuphela basuleleka yi-salmonella minyaka le. Amawaka abo alaliswa esibhedlele, kwaye inani elincinci liyafa. Le meko inokubonwa nakwilizwe lethu, ingakumbi ukuba asiluphapheleli ucoceko lwethu lokutya neziselo.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokusasazeka kweSalmonella?

I-Salmonella isasazeka ngokutya okuninzi. Ibhotolo yamandongomane, inyama epakishiweyo, ukutya okukhenkcezisiweyo, iziqhamo nemifuno, njl. I-Salmonella ingasasazeka nakwizilwanyana zasekhaya ezifana neefudo, iinciniba, iinkukhu, iihedgehog kunye neeguinea pigs.

Ziziphi iimpawu zetyhefu ye-salmonella?

Iimpawu zeSalmonella zinokubonakala kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokungena emzimbeni. Ezi mpawu zichaphazela kakhulu isisu namathumbu ethu. Nazi:

• Urhudo: Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba negazi.
• Ifiva.
• Iintlungu zesisu okanye ukuqaqamba.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .

Usenokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kuba neempawu ezifanayo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unesifo sohudo esinegazi, okanye ukuba unomkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ngaba uhlala uhlanza xa une-salmonella?

Hayi. Asinguye wonke umntu ohlanzayo. Amaxesha amaninzi, urhudo kunye nomkhuhlane ziyabonakala. Kodwa abanye abantu basenokuhlanza.

Injani indle xa uneSalmonella?

Xa kukho i-salmonella , indle idla ngokuba namanzi kwaye isenokuba rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ungabona igazi elincinci kwindle. Ukuba ukopha okunjalo, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Yintoni ebangela i-salmonella?

Ubuthi beSalmonella bubangelwa yintsholongwane iSalmonella.Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emizimbeni yethu, ukuba kukho okungaphezulu koko inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu enokukutshabalalisa, kuvela usulelo. Kulapho ke kuvela khona iingxaki zesisu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye norhudo.

Iibhaktheriya zeSalmonella zihlala emathunjini abantu nezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, zinokufumaneka nakwizinto esizityayo, esiziselayo nesizithathileyo. Umzekelo:

• Amaqanda aluhlaza kunye namaqokobhe amaqanda.
• Inyama eluhlaza, ukutya kwaselwandle, kunye nenkukhu.
• Imifuno neziqhamo (ukuba zisetyenziswe ngaphandle kokuhlamba kakuhle).
• Ubisi okanye itshizi engagayiwanga.
• Amanzi angacocwanga.
• Uboya, iintsiba, amaxolo, ulusu, kunye nendle yezilwanyana. Neendawo ezihlala kuzo izilwanyana.
• Ukuba umntu uneSalmonella, jonga kwiindawo azichukumisileyo.

I-Salmonella idluliselwa njani?

Iindlela eziphambili zokufumana iSalmonella kukutya ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle nokungalandeli iindlela ezifanelekileyo zococeko xa ulungiselela ukutya. Umzekelo:

• Ukutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, iinkukhu, iintlanzi, okanye amaqanda.
• Ukutya imifuno neziqhamo ezineentsholongwane (ezingahlanjwanga).
• Ukusela amanzi angcolileyo okanye ubisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane.
• Ukungazihlambi kakuhle izandla xa ulungiselela ukutya.

Ingasasazeka nakwizilwanyana nakubantu abasulelekileyo yiSalmonella. Ukuba uchukumisa isilwanyana uze uchukumise umlomo wakho ngaloo sandla, ungayifumana le ntsholongwane. Nasiphi na isilwanyana sinokuba nosulelo lweSalmonella, okanye le ntsholongwane inokuba seboyeni baso, kwiintsiba, emaxoloni, okanye eluswini. Imizekelo:

• Izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni (iixoxo, amasele).
• Izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo (iimfudo, iinciniba, iinyoka).
• Iintaka (iinkukhu, amadada, iiturkey, iintaka zasendle).
• Izilwanyana zasefama (iinkomo, iibhokhwe, iigusha, iihagu).
• Izilwanyana zasekhaya (izinja, iikati, iintaka, izilwanyana ezincinci).

Ziziphi ukutya eziqulethe iSalmonella eninzi?

Nangona ukutya okuluhlaza kunokuba nentsholongwane ye-salmonella, uninzi lwabantu luyifumana kwiinkukhu okanye emaqandeni angaphekwanga kakuhle.

Ngaba iSalmonella inevumba?

Hayi. Iintsholongwane zeSalmonella azinavumba lahlukileyo. Ukutya okungcoliswe yiSalmonella kudla ngokubonakala kunuka ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ulumke.

Ngaba i-salmonella sisifo esosulelayo?

Ewe, i-salmonella iyasulelana. Ungayifumana komnye umntu, okanye nakwisilwanyana sakho sasekhaya. Ukuba uya kwigumbi lokuhlambela ngelixa ugula kwaye ungazihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho, ungasasaza intsholongwane kwabanye abantu, kuquka nokutya okuchukumisayo.

Uyibona njani iSalmonella?

Usulelo lweSalmonella lunokufunyanwa ngokuvavanya isampuli yendle, isampuli yegazi, okanye enye isampuli. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuhlola aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yempilo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iSalmonella?

• Uvavanyo lwesampuli yestulo:Ngokwesiqhelo ungayithatha le sampuli ekhaya. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika ibhotile ecocekileyo kunye nemiyalelo yendlela yokuthatha isampuli. Kwilabhoratri, isampuli iyavavanywa ukuba ayinayo na intsholongwane yeSalmonella.
• Isampuli yegazi: Ugqirha uza kuthatha igazi elincinci engalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti. Ilebhu iza kujonga (ukukhulisa) isampuli yegazi ukuze ibone ukuba ingaba intsholongwane yeSalmonella iyakhula na.
• Ezinye iisampulu: Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya umchamo wakho okanye isampulu evela kwinxeba ukuze abone ukuba uneSalmonella.

Iphathwa njani iSalmonella?

Ixesha elininzi, i-salmonella ayinyangwa ngamayeza athile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulo sakho sinzima okanye usemngciphekweni weengxaki, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ukuba unesifo sorhudo esinzima, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo. Ukuba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, ugqirha wakho angakunika ulwelo nge-IV (yile ndlela ibizwa ngayo i-saline ).

Yintoni iyeza leSalmonella?

Ukuba udinga amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwi-salmonella, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:

• I-Ciprofloxacin
• I-Ceftriaxone
• I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)
• I-Azithromycin

Isilumkiso: Ungaze uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane wedwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki.

Indlela yokulawula iimpawu ze-salmonella?

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokulawula iimpawu ze-salmonella kukusela iziselo ezininzi ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Izinto ezinokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ziquka:

• Amanzi
• Iziselo zemidlalo (kuba zinetyuwa neswekile)
• Ijusi yeziqhamo eyi-100% exutywe namanzi
• Umhluzi
• Izisombululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngomlomo (umz., iJeevani, iPedialyte)

Amayeza afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha afana ne-loperamide (Imodium) kunye ne-bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate) anokunceda abantu abadala abanesifo sorhudo. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukunika abantwana abancinci kunye neentsana la mayeza okulwa norhudo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wabantwana kuqala.

Ngaba i-salmonella iyaphela yodwa?

Ewe, uninzi lwexesha, i-salmonella iyaphela yodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa kuya kufuneka unyamezele ezinye zeempawu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusela amanzi amaninzi ukuze uphephe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Ungayiphepha njani i-salmonella?

Ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-salmonella ngokulandela iindlela zokulungisa ukutya ezikhuselekileyo kwaye uqaphele xa usebenzisana nezilwanyana.

Iindlela zokulungisa ukutya ezikhuselekileyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko we-salmonella

Iintsholongwane zeSalmonella zingabulawa ngokupheka kakuhle nokufaka ukutya kwiintsholongwane. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesalmonella xa ulungisa ukutya:

• Ukuba uyagula, musa ukuphekela abanye.
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle phambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokulungisa ukutya.
• Hlamba kakuhle iindawo zokulungiselela ukutya, izitya zokutya, kunye nezixhobo zokusela ngaphambi nasemva kokusebenzisa.
• Pheka ukutya kakuhle ukuya kubushushu obufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukutye.
• Musa ukuchukumisa naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokutya xa uphethe inyama eluhlaza, inkukhu, ukutya kwaselwandle, okanye amaqanda. Ukwenza njalo kunokusasaza iintsholongwane.
• Hlamba imifuno neziqhamo kakuhle phambi kokuba usike, usitye, okanye usipheke, okanye ususe ixolo.
• Beka inyama, inkukhu, kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle efrijini okanye efrijini ngokukhawuleza.
• Musa ukutya okanye ukusela ubisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane okanye ukutya okwenziwe ngobisi olungafakwanga iintsholongwane.
• Musa ukusela amanzi anganyangwanga okanye ukutya ukutya okuphekwe ngamanzi anganyangwanga. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba amanzi akhuselekile na (umzekelo, xa useluhambeni), sebenzisa amanzi asebhotileni ukusela nokupheka.

Ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezilwanyana ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-salmonella

Nasiphi na isilwanyana sinokuba nosulelo lweSalmonella, okanye intsholongwane inokufumaneka eboyeni baso, kwiintsiba, emaxoloni, okanye eluswini. Izilwanyana ezinesi sifo azisoloko zibonakala zigula. Iinkukhu, amadada, iifudo, kunye neenciniba zezona zilwanyana zisengozini enkulu yokuthwala usulelo lweSalmonella.

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane ze-salmonella ezivela kwizilwanyana:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokuphatha izilwanyana (kuquka izilwanyana zasekhaya), ukutya kwazo, izitya zamanzi, iibhokisi zenkunkuma, ilindle, iikheji, okanye izinto zokudlala.
• Emva kokuchukumisa izilwanyana, musa ukuzichukumisa imilomo yazo okanye ufake izandla zakho emlonyeni wakho. Musa ukuzichukumisa uboya bazo, iintsiba, amaxolo, okanye ulusu lwazo.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka, okanye ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5, akufuneki usondele kwizilwanyana ezisengozini enkulu.
• Musa ukutya okanye ukusela amanzi kufutshane nezilwanyana ezisengozini enkulu okanye apho zihlala khona.
• Coca indawo yokuhlala yesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya (njengetanki okanye ikheji) ngaphandle ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ungaze uhlambe ikheji yesilwanyana sakho sasekhaya, izinto zokudlala, okanye izitya zokutya kwisinki yasekhitshini.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinesifo se-salmonella?

I-Salmonella idla ngokuba sisifo esizithintelayo.Oku kuthetha ukuba emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa zeempawu, uya kuphola ngaphandle konyango. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ungazilawula ekhaya ude uphole.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayisebenzi kakuhle, ukuba unesifo se-sickle cell, okanye ukuba uguliswa kakhulu yi-salmonella, ugqirha wakho uza kukuphatha ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

I-salmonella ihlala ixesha elingakanani?

Iimpawu zeSalmonella zihlala ziphakathi kweentsuku ezine ukuya kwezisixhenxe . Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva kweentsuku ezintathu, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki zeSalmonella?

I-Salmonella inokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokwenzeka xa kulahleka ulwelo oluninzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuhlanza okanye urhudo. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba akuphathwanga kakuhle.
• I-Bacteremia kunye ne-Sepsis: Ukuba intsholongwane yeSalmonella ingena egazini, inokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye ibangele usulelo oluyingozi. I-Sepsis yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kwisifo esiyingozi kakhulu.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Usulelo lwamathambo olungaqhelekanga. Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale ngxaki.
• I-Reactive Arthritis: Ukudumba kwamalungu, amehlo, kunye nomgudu womchamo kwenzeka ngenxa yempendulo yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emva kosulelo.

Ngaba ungafa ngenxa yesalmonella?

Ewe, i-salmonella inokubulala ukuba isasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba okanye ibangele i-sepsis. Nangona kunjalo, oko kunqabile kakhulu. Bamalunga nama-420 abantu abafa ngenxa yosulelo lwe-salmonella eMelika kwizigidi zamatyala. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nilumke.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Ukuba uneempawu eziqatha okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Igazi esitulweni.
• Ukuhlanza rhoqo, ukungakwazi ukugcina ukutya nokusela kuncinci.
• Umchamo omnyama okanye umchamo omncinci kunesiqhelo.
• Umlomo nomphimbo owomileyo.
• Ukuziva unesizungu xa umi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuhlala unamanzi emzimbeni?
• Ndingenza ntoni xa iimpawu zam zisiba mandundu okanye zitshintsha?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndikubizele zona okanye ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ityhefu yeSalmonella ixhaphakile. Nangona inokuba yinto engathandekiyo kancinci, ayisoloko iyinto embi kakhulu.Sela iziselo ezininzi, kwaye ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha ukuba awuziva ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka okanye usengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezivela kwi-salmonella, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukunyanga usulelo. Ukuziqhelanisa nokhuseleko lokutya kunye nococeko lomntu yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ukugula.

I- Salmonella, i-Salmonella, ukutyhefeka kokutya, urhudo, isisu esibuhlungu, iintsholongwane, ukhuseleko lokutya