Amabala amnyama embonweni wakho? Yonke into malunga neScotoma ngamazwi alula!

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba xa ujonga into ethile, ngequbuliso ubona ichaphaza elimnyama elincinci, okanye ngamanye amaxesha indawo encinci engacacanga phakathi koko ukubonayo? Mhlawumbi awuzange uyinike ngqalelo ingako. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zinokuba luphawu lwengxaki yokubona kwethu. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiScotoma . Akukho nto yokoyika, masiyiqonde ngokulula le nto.

Yintoni iScotoma? Masifumanise ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-scotoma yimeko apho sinendawo emnyama kwindawo yethu yokubona eqhelekileyo, okanye inxalenye yendawo yethu yokubona engabonakaliyo. Cinga ngayo njengonobumba omnye okanye emibini efiphaliswa xa ufunda iphephandaba, okanye indawo efiphaliswa xa ubukele iTV. Yiyo loo nto. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kwenzeka kwiliso elinye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka kuwo omabini amehlo.

Eli ligama lesiGrike elithetha 'ubumnyama'. Ngoko ke, okwenzekayo koku kukuba imithambo-luvo ekwicandelo leliso lethu elibizwa ngokuba yi-'retina' , okanye 'i-optic nerve' ethwala imiyalezo esuka apho iye engqondweni, ayisebenzi kakuhle. Emva koko imiyalezo esuka kuloo nxalenye iya engqondweni ayihambi, ngoko asiyiboni loo nxalenye, njengebala elimnyama. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba yinto yexeshana, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto engapheliyo. Le meko inokwenzeka kwizifo ezichaphazela i-optic nerve okanye iindawo ezithile zengqondo.

Sizibona njani izinto? Masiqonde kancinci.

Ukuze uyiqonde i-scotoma, kungcono ukuqonda nje indlela esizibona ngayo izinto. Khawuthelekelele ujonge intyatyambo entle.

1. Ukukhanya kubonakaliswa kuloo ntyatyambo kuze kufike emehlweni akho.

2. Xa ukukhanya kungena elisweni, kuwa kwindawo efana nesikrini ngasemva kweliso ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina . I-retina inezigidi zeeseli ezibona ukukhanya.

3. Ezi seli ziguqula ukukhanya kube ziimpawu zombane, njengesensa ekwikhamera.

4. Emva koko, ezi mpawu zombane zithwalwa ziye engqondweni ngumthambo okhethekileyo obizwa ngokuba yi-optic nerve .

5. Ingqondo yiyo ehlalutya ezi mpawu ize ikwenze uqonde ukuba, "Owu, le yintyatyambo ebomvu entle."

Uyaqonda ngoku? Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho isiphene okanye umonakalo kwi-retina, kwi-optic nerve, okanye kwiindawo zengqondo ezinxulumene nombono, loo myalezo awuhambi kakuhle. Kulapho ke kuvela khona iingxaki zombono ezifana ne-scotoma.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-scotoma?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-scotomas. Abanye abantu bazibiza ngokuba yi-``scotomata``` (oko kuthetha ukuba zingaphezulu kwesinye). Olu hlu lusekelwe kwindawo apho kuvela khona ibala elimnyama, okanye ngamanye amaxesha ngokusekelwe kumbala owubonayo (umz. ``xanthic scotoma`` - ukubona ibala elimthubi).

Ngokuyintloko, i-scotoma 'elungileyo' kunye ne -scotoma 'engalunganga'Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeglaucoma. Kwi-'positive' ungayibona into ethile, njengebala elimnyama, njengombala. Kodwa kwi-'negative' awuqondi nokuba unayo loo bala limnyama. Lifunyanwa kuphela xa ugqirha ehlola amehlo akho. Kubalulekile nokwazi ukuba likwiliso elinye ('icala elinye' okanye 'icala elinye') okanye likwiliso zombini ('icala elinye' okanye 'icala elinye').

Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili:

1. I-Central Scotoma

Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba indawo emnyama, okanye ukufiphala, iphakathi kwento oyijongileyo. Kwabanye abantu, ibukeka njengebala elimnyama elithe tye. Kwabanye, ibonakala ngathi iyabonakala xa ujonge ngqo phambili, kodwa embindini awucacanga, ibonakala ifiphele. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa ujonge ubuso bomntu, ubona kuphela icala lasekunene lempumlo yakhe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Central Scotoma'.

2. I-Scotoma ekhazimlayo

Le yahlukile kancinci. Ijongeka njengephethini ejijekileyo, enamaza, nekhazimlayo. Ngamanye amaxesha isuka ekukhanyeni iye ebumnyameni, ize ibuyele ekukhanyeni kwakhona. Oku kubangelwa kukuphazamiseka okwethutyana kwimiqondiso yombane yengqondo. Ukuba une -migraine ene-aura , kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wahlangabezana nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-'scintillating scotoma.' Ezi zihlala zingapheli ixesha elide kwaye ziyanyamalala emva kwexesha elithile. Abanye abantu babona ezi patheni zikhazimlayo ngaphambi kokuba babe nentloko ebuhlungu ye-migraine.

3. I-Paracentral Scotoma

Kwimeko enjalo, indawo emnyama ayikho phakathi koko ukujongileyo, kodwa ikwicala elincinci . Ngokutsho koogqirha, ikwii-degrees ezili-10 ukusuka kwindawo ojongileyo kuyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho ii-'Paracentral Scotoma' ezingaphezulu kwesinye ezifana nale.

4. I-Junctional Scotoma

Oku kwenzeka xa kukho umonakalo kwindawo apho i-optic nerve yethu (`optic nerve`) kunye ne-optic chiasm (`optic chiasm`) zidibanela khona. Le `optic chiasm` yindawo efana ne-'X' kufutshane nesiseko sobuchopho, apho i-optic nerve ingena khona ebuchotsheni. Kulapho ezinye iifayibha ezivela kwi-optic nerve zamehlo zitshintsha khona. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho umonakalo apha, kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kokubona.

Ngoku unombono ocacileyo ngezi ntlobo? Khumbula, ngoogqirha kuphela abanokuzixilonga ngokuchanekileyo ezi ntlobo.

Ingaba le scotoma iyenzeka kuye wonke umntu?

Enyanisweni, sonke sinendawo engabonakaliyo emehlweni ethu . Kulapho umthambo we-optic udlula khona kwi-retina uye ebuchotsheni. Akukho ziseli ezibona ukukhanya kuloo ndawo. Kodwa asisoloko sikuqaphela oko. Uyazi? Iingqondo zethu zikrelekrele kakhulu , zigcwalisa loo msantsa kwaye zisinika umfanekiso opheleleyo. Kwaye ilungelelaniswa ngumbono ovela kwelinye iliso.

Nangona kunjalo, i-scotoma esithetha ngayo yahlukile kwindawo emnyama yendalo, kwaye ibangelwa yimeko ethile yempilo. Ngoko ke ayisiyonto yomntu wonke, iyenzeka ngezizathu ezithile.

Ukuba une-scotoma, zeziphi iimpawu onokuzifumana?

Iimpawu ze-scotoma zinokwahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Inxalenye yomfanekiso owujongileyo ibonakala ivaliwe okanye igqwethekile. Isenokubonakala njengebala elimnyama, ibala elingwevu, okanye isithuba esingenanto.
• Ukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala ethile. Umzekelo, ubomvu bubonakala bumdaka.
• Udinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo ukuze ubone kakuhle. Ukuziva loo mbono kubi nangakumbi kwiindawo ezimnyama.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona izinto ezincinci zihamba phambi kwamehlo akho ('eye floaters') okanye ubone ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Kungcono ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko uze umhlole, kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esinzulu ngakumbi.

Yintoni ebangela i-scotoma?

Akukho sizathu sinye se-scotoma, kodwa zininzi. Ezi zinokuba yingxaki kwi-retina yakho, ingqondo, okanye i-optic nerve. Nazi ezinye zezona zizathu ziphambili:

• Umhlaza : Umhlaza wengqondo okanye wamehlo.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Esi sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Ukonakala kwi-retina : Umzekelo, ukwenzakala okubangelwa yinto ebetha iliso, okanye ukutsha kwe-retina.
• I-Glaucoma : Oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso lusanda kwaye lonakalise umthambo wokubona.
• Istroke : Ukonakala kweeseli zengqondo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.
• Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD) : Le yimeko apho umbono ophakathi weliso uyehla.
• Isifo seswekile : Isifo seswekile singonakalisa imithambo yegazi emehlweni.
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza .

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izizathu ezithile zeentlobo ze-scotoma ekuthethwe ngazo.

Izizathu zeCentral Scotoma

Le meko apho ungakwazi ukubona kakuhle umbindi wento oyijongileyo inokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Oko bekukhankanyiwe ngaphambili malunga nokuwohloka kwe-macular .
• Istroke , ingakumbi ezo zichaphazela iindawo zengqondo ezilawula ukubona.
• Iithumba zobuchopho .
• Amanxeba abangelwa kukwenzakala kwamehlo .
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangela usizi (TBI)

Izizathu zeJunctional Scotoma

Le scotoma, eyenzeka kwindawo apho i-optic nerve idibana khona kunye ne-optic chiasm, inokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iithumba ze-pituitary gland : Le gland ikufutshane kakhulu ne-optic chiasm.
• Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, umzekelo , i-craniopharyngioma .
• Ii-Aneurysms zenzeka xa iindonga zemithambo yegazi ziba buthathaka kwaye zidumba njengebhaluni.
• Ezinye izifo, umzekelo i-syphilis kunye nesifo sephepha .
• Iimeko ezisusa imyelin, ezifana ne -multiple sclerosis, zonakalisa i-myelin sheath ejikeleze imithambo-luvo.

Izizathu zeParacentral Scotoma

La mabala amnyama abonakala kancinci ecaleni kwembindi wombono anokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• I-Glaucoma : Ngamanye amaxesha i-arcuate paracentral scotoma inokwenzeka.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile .
• Ukukrazula kwe-retinal kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-retinal .

Izizathu zeScotoma ekhazimlayo

IiScotomas, ezibonakala ngathi ziipateni ezikhazimlayo nezinamaza, zinokubangelwa zezi:

• Iintloko ezibuhlungu ze-Migraine , oko kukuthi, iintloko ezibuhlungu eziza kunye okanye ezingenayo 'i-aura'.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu - Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) .
• Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-hormone .
• Ezinye iingxaki ngenkqubo yokuqunjelwa kwegazi (`iingxaki zokuqunjelwa kwegazi`).
• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa : Eli liqela lezifo ezichaphazela i-retina, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kombono kancinci kancinci.
• I-retinopathy enxulumene nomhlaza .

Khawuthelekelele indlela ezi zinto ezahlukeneyo ngayo. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba ubona notshintsho oluncinci embonweni wakho.

Ugqirha uyibona njani i-scotoma?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-scotoma, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba neengxaki zamehlo (imbali yezonyango). Emva koko, kunokwenziwa olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo : Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Lubandakanya ukujonga umbono wakho kunye nempilo yamehlo akho usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka ukukhanyisa amehlo akho kunye nokukuvumela ukuba ufunde oonobumba.
• Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Lubandakanya ukugcina amehlo akho kwindawo enye nokulinganisa ukuba ubona kangakanani okukujikelezileyo kunye nokuba umbono wakho ubukhali kangakanani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentsimi yakho yokubona. Kusenokufuneka uhlale phambi komatshini okubuza ukuba ungabona na ukukhanya okuncinci. Le yindlela onokufumanisa ngayo ukuba aphi kanye kanye loo mabala amnyama.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) : Le yindlela yokujonga imifanekiso engenabuhlungu, engaphakathi kweso. Ifana ne-scan. Ithatha imifanekiso enqamlezileyo yeengqimba ze-retina kunye ne-optic nerve. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba kukho umonakalo okanye ukudumba.

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba i-scotoma ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango (umz. isifo seswekile, i-glaucoma, i-brain tumor), unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo (ezifana novavanyo lwegazi, i-MRI scan).

Iphathwa njani iScotoma?

Ukunyanga i-scotoma kuphathelele ukunyanga imeko esisiseko eyibangeleyo . Umzekelo, ukuba i-scotoma ibangelwa yi-glaucoma, inokulawulwa ngokunyanga i-glaucoma (amaconsi amehlo, unyango lwe-laser, okanye utyando). Ngokufanayo, kwiimeko ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-macular, i-stroke, okanye umhlaza, ukunyanga imeko esisiseko yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-scotoma azidingi unyango olukhethekileyo . Umzekelo, ukuba i-scotoma ekhazimlayo esithethe ngayo iza ne-migraine, ngamanye amaxesha iyaphela emva kokulala kancinci, ukuphumla, nokusela amanzi.

Ukuba une-scotoma efana nale kunye ne-migraine, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu, amayeza akhethekileyo afana ne -triptans , okanye amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula ukunceda ukulawula ii-migraines zakho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha, ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo, uze ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, endaweni yokuzinyanga.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela le scotoma ukuba ingenzeki?

Inyaniso kukuba, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-scotoma ukuba ingenzeki kwezinye iimeko. Umzekelo, kukho ezinye iimeko ezibangelwa zizinto zemfuza.

Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, ukulawula ezinye iimeko ezifihlakeleyo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-scotoma. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu , ukusebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kweentloko ezibuhlungu kunokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwee-scotomas ezinxulumene noko.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile , kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ukuze uthintele umonakalo emehlweni akho obangelwa sisifo seswekile.
• Ukuba une- high blood pressure (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) , kuya kufuneka uyilawule loo nto.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo . Oku kuvumela ukuba izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma zifunyanwe kwaye zinyangwe kwasekuqaleni.
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha ukutshaya) kulungile kwimpilo yamehlo ngokubanzi, kunye nomzimba wonke.

Ngamafutshane, ukunyamekela amehlo ethu yeyona nto ilungileyo esinokuyenza.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana i-scotoma? Zithini izinto eziza kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo?

Isiphelo se-scotoma, nokuba siza kuba ngcono, sihlale sinjalo, okanye siya kuba sibi , sixhomekeke kwisizathu sayo .

• Amanye amabala amnyama awexeshana. Umzekelo, xa i-migraine iphela, okanye xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lubuyela esiqhelweni, i-scotoma enxulumene nayo iyanyamalala.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-scotoma ibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango, isenokungapheli okanye isenokukhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo, ii-scotoma ezibangelwa yi-glaucoma enganyangwanga okanye i-macular degeneration zinokuba zikhula kancinci kancinci.

Ukuba ne-scotoma, ingakumbi i-central scotoma esithethe ngayo, kunokuchaphazela ubuchule bakho bokufunda nokuqhuba . Kuba kunzima ukwenza ezo zinto xa ungaboni embindini wento ethile.

Ukuba kunjalo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezixhobo zokunceda ukubona okuphantsi . Ezi ziquka:

• Ukukhanya okufanelekileyo
• Izikhulisi zokufunda
• Izixhobo ezinokukufundela

Izinto ezinje zinokukunceda wenze imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ukuba ndine-scotoma? Zithini iimeko ezingxamisekileyo?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho okanye ukuba mandundu kweempawu zakho , bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Musa ukulibazisa.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu zenzeka ngequbuliso nge-scotoma, zisenokuba yingxamiseko. Fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane:

• Intloko ebuhlungu eqala ngequbuliso.
• Iingxaki zokuthetha.
• Ukungabi namandla kwamalungu okanye ubuso bakho.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokudada phambi kwamehlo, kunye nomthunzi omnyama okanye ibala elimnyama. Ezi ziimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retina.Iimpawu zingabandakanya: Ukukrazuka okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal kudla ngokungabi buhlungu, kodwa yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo!

Khumbula, ukungawunaki la mpawu zinzima kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kombono okungapheliyo okanye kwezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Igama elithi 'scotoma' lisenokungaqhelwanga kuwe njengegama elithi 'ibala elingaboniyo', kodwa omabini athetha into enye. I-scotoma ingaba ngumbono owubonayo xa ungawuboni, okanye ingaba kukulahlekelwa ngumbono xa ufuna ukubona into ethile. Abanye abantu abane-scotoma abaqondi nokuba banazo.

Njengakwezinye iimeko zempilo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho . Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba yinto encinci, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwento enzulu ngakumbi.

Ukuba unesifo esibangela iingxaki ezinkulu zokubona, thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinto ezinokukunceda (umz., amaqela enkxaso, izixhobo zokunceda amehlo angaboni kakuhle). Amehlo akho aluncedo kakhulu, ngoko ke luxanduva lwakho ukuwanyamekela. Uyaqonda? Ungakhathazeki, nantoni na ingaxoxwa nogqirha wakho kwaye isisombululo singafunyanwa.

I- Scotoma, indawo emnyama, umbono, izifo zamehlo, i-retina, i-optic nerve, i-glaucoma, i-migraine, uhlolo lwamehlo