Uhlobo olubi lomhlaza wemiphunga: Ngaba uyayazi i-Small Cell Lung Cancer?

Ngaba wakha weva nge "Small Cell Lung Cancer"? Oku kusenokuba yinto entsha kuwe. Luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga nolukhula kancinci oluvela emiphungeni. Ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwecuba, ingakumbi kubantu abatshaya icuba. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba lunokuchaphazela nabani na. Ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba, oogqirha banokuphilisa abanye abantu baze bancede abanye baphile ixesha elide. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukuphepha kukuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci luhlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga okhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu . Nangona unokukhula nakubani na, uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abasebenzise icuba ixesha elide, ingakumbi kubantu abakhe batshaya icuba . Ukuba esi sifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba, oogqirha banokuphilisa abanye abantu. Kwabanye, sinokubanceda baphile nesi sifo ixesha elide. Eyona ndlela yokuzikhusela kulo mhlaza kukuyeka ukutshaya .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Lilonke, malunga nabantu abangama-57 kwabayi-100,000 eMelika banesifo somhlaza wemiphunga. Kwabo bafunyaniswe benesifo , malunga ne-15% banesifo somhlaza wemiphunga esincinci . Oku kuphantsi kunohlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"non-small cell lung cancer."

Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC) uwuchaphazela njani umzimba wakho?

Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci uqala xa iiseli eziphilileyo emiphungeni yakho zitshintsha, okanye zitshintsha, zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Ezi seli emva koko zahlukana kwaye zande ngokungalawulekiyo . Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli zomhlaza zenza amathumba emiphungeni yakho.

Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuphuma kwezi thumba zize zihambe emzimbeni wakho wonke ngegazi lakho okanye i-lymph (ulwelo oluya kwii-lymph nodes zakho).

Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci udla ngokusasazeka uye kuthi:

• Kwii-lymph nodes.
• Kumathambo.
• Ukuya engqondweni.
• Isibindi.
• Ii-adrenal glands. Ezi glands zikufutshane nezintso zakho.

Nje ukuba iiseli zisasazeke, zinokwenza iithumba ezintsha kwii-lymph nodes zakho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci unokubangela ukuba ulwelo luqokeleleke emiphungeni yakho okanye kwiindawo ezijikeleze imiphunga yakho. Oku kunokutyhala umoya uphume emiphungeni yakho kwaye kubangele ukuba imiphunga yakho ingaphumeleli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pleural effusion .

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC):

• I-Small Cell Carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci.
• I-Carcinoma yeeseli ezincinci ezidibeneyo:Oku kubalelwa kuphela kwi-2% ukuya kwi-5% yazo zonke ii-small cell carcinomas. Olu hlobo lomhlaza wemiphunga ludibaniso lweentlobo zomhlaza "ezingengo-small cell" kunye "ne-small cell".

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)?

Umhlaza wemiphunga omncinci ongasasazekanga awubonakalisi zimpawu rhoqo . Ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zingabandakanya:

• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki.
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo okuhlala ixesha elide okanye okuya kuba nzima.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (iHemoptysis).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukudumba kobuso.
• Ukudinwa.
• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Imithambo yentamo evuvukileyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ukuphefumla.

Ezi mpawu zihlala zifana nezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba utshaya okanye ukhe watshaya, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu. Uya kukwazi ukuvavanya imeko yakho aze acebise amanyathelo alandelayo.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)?

Nangona nabani na enokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, abantu abatshayayo, abakhe batshaya ngaphambili, okanye abachaphazeleka ngumsi wecuba osetyenziswa ngomnye umntu basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Ukuvezwa kwimitha yelanga, nokuba kunyango lomhlaza okanye kwiiskeni zemifanekiso.
• Ukuvezwa yigesi yeradon. Iradon yigesi engenambala, ene-radioactive enokuvuza emakhaya nakwezinye izakhiwo.
• Ukuvezwa kwi-asbestos, i-arsenic, i-nickel, i-tar, okanye iikhemikhali ezinobungozi emsebenzini.
• Kukho umntu kusapho onomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Ukuba nentsholongwane ye-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-small cell lung cancer (SCLC)?

Xa kukho umhlaza wemiphunga orhanelwayo, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukuthatha i-X-ray yesifuba . Ukuba ibonisa amabala arhanelekayo emiphungeni, ugqirha uya kuyalela olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:

• Iiskeni zemifanekiso: Iiskeni zeComputed Tomography (CT) kunye neeskeni zePositron Emission Tomography (PET) zinokubona iithumba zemiphunga. Iiskeni zeCT zezona ndlela ziphambili zokufumanisa umhlaza wemiphunga. Ezi mvavanyo zinokuvavanya nobungakanani bokusasazeka komhlaza.
• I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampuli yezicubu emiphungeni kusetyenziswa inaliti. Iingcali zezifo kwilebhu zihlola le sampuli ukuze zibone iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-Bronchoscopy:Esebenzisa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscope, ugqirha wakho uza kukhangela amathumba kwindlela yomoya yemiphunga yakho. Kwangaxeshanye, banokuthatha iisampuli zezicubu ukuze zithathwe i-biopsy.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)?

Oogqirha basebenzisa indlela enamanqanaba amabini ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci usasazeke kangakanani. Olu lwazi lukwanceda ekuchongeni unyango. Amanqanaba amabini omhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci ngala:

• Inqanaba elilinganiselweyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ukwimiphunga yakho, kwaye usenokuba usasazeke waya kwindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga yakho okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezingaphezulu kwe-collarbone yakho. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu abanomhlaza wemiphunga omncinci banesifo kweli nqanaba lilinganiselweyo xa befunyaniswa ukuba banesifo.
• Inqanaba elibanzi: Kweli nqanaba, umhlaza usasazeke uye kwenye imiphunga yakho, uye kwii-lymph nodes ezingaphaya kwemiphunga, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke nasemathanjeni, ebuchotsheni, nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Utyando: Malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-20 onomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci banomhlaza ongasasazekanga ngaphaya kwemiphunga. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha wotyando unokususa inxalenye okanye yonke imiphunga yakho. Abantu abangakwaziyo utyando banokunikwa unyango lwemitha okanye i-chemotherapy.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kusebenzisa umatshini ukuqondisa ii-X-ray ezinamandla ngqo kwithumba. Ukongeza ekubulaleni iiseli zomhlaza, olu nyango lunokunciphisa neempawu. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa unyango ngemitha kumhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci ezikwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukuba ukhe watyandwa, ugqirha wakho unokudibanisa amayeza ekhemotherapy kunye nolunye unyango ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Unyango lweKhemotherapy luhlala lunikwa abantu abanomhlaza oqhubele phambili. Nangona ikhemotherapy ingenakunyanga ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci, inokunciphisa umhlaza, inciphise iimpawu, kwaye incede abantu baphile ixesha elide.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu nyango luvuselela amajoni omzimba wakho ukuba alwe kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. "Ii-immune checkpoint inhibitors" luhlobo lwe-immunotherapy olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci ophucukileyo. Oogqirha banokunika olu nyango kunye ne-chemotherapy ukunciphisa iithumba kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.

Kuthekani ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka kwaye ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ugqirha wakho anokuzicebisa, kwaye unokucinga ngazo:

• Ukutshintsha ukusuka ekuzameni ukunyanga umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci ukuya kunyango olunciphisa iimpawu . Umzekelo, ukuba iindlela zakho zomoya zivaliwe, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa i-bronchoscope ukuyivula.
• Cinga ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi . Umzekelo, uvavanyo lweklinikhi lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba ukudibanisa i-chemotherapy kunye ne-immunotherapy kuncede abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci ukuba baphile ixesha elide. Malunga ne-15% yabantu abafumene unyango oludibeneyo babesaphila iminyaka emithathu emva kokugqiba unyango.
• Ukucinga ngonyango lokudambisa iintlungu : Olu nyango lugxile ekukuncedeni ukulawula iimpawu, kuquka iintlungu, kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lomhlaza.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC)?

Umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci sisifo esibi kakhulu . Ngaphandle konyango, uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci bayafa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuba befunyaniswe ukuba banaso. Nangona oogqirha benokunyanga umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci, esi sifo sisenokubuya kwakhona. Uphononongo lwango-2020 lubonise ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50% abantu abaye banyangwa umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci baye baphinda banesifo. Ngokwedatha yango-2020, malunga ne-7% kuphela yabo bonke abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci abasaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu befunyaniswe ukuba banaso.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukubikezela komhlaza wemiphunga yeseli encinci:

• Inqanaba lomhlaza : Ukuba umhlaza awukasasazeki ngaphaya kwendawo oqale kuyo, oogqirha banethuba eliphezulu lokuphumelela ekunyangeni.
• Iindlela zonyango : Malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-20 onomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo unokwenza utyando lokususa ithumba. Kwabo bangenako utyando, unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation lunokunikwa.
• Ukuphinda-phinda : Ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci uphinda ubuye, oogqirha baneendlela ezimbalwa zonyango.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba uqikelelo lomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci alulunganga kangako. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uqikelelo luyinto enokwenzeka, hayi into eqinisekileyo . Ukuba unomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci kwaye ufuna ukwazi uqikelelo lwakho, cela ugqirha wakho akuchazele into onokuyilindela.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda?

Amanani okusinda aqikelelwa ngokusekelwe kumava amaqela ahlukeneyo . Malunga nama-70% abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci bafunyanwa emva kokuba umhlaza usasazekile (umhlaza wemiphunga weseli encinci okwinqanaba eliphezulu). Iindlela zonyango zaba bantu zilinganiselwe. Ngokwedatha ka-2020:

• Lilonke, malunga ne- 7% yabantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe.
• Malunga nama -27% abantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu bexilongiwe. Umntu onomhlaza wemiphunga okwinqanaba elilinganiselweyo unemiphunga kwimiphunga enye nakwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
• Malunga ne -16% yabantu abanomhlaza osasazeke kwizicwili nakwizitho ezikufutshane ezingaphandle kwemiphunga basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba bexilongiwe.

Khumbula — njengeengxelo-zibikezelo, amazinga okusinda asekelwe kumava amaqela ahlukeneyo . Okwenzekileyo kwabanye kusenokungasebenzi kwimeko yakho.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba nale meko?

Ukuphepha icuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci . Ukuba usebenzisa icuba ngoku, zama ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi okanye utshaye ixesha elingakanani, imiphunga yakho iya kuqala ukuphola kwangoko nje ukuba uyeke . Ukunika imiphunga yakho ithuba lokuphola kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci. Ukuba usebenzisa icuba kwaye ufuna ukuyeka, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango kunye neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.

Kuthekani ngovavanyo lokuhlola umhlaza wemiphunga?

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wemiphunga, akukho vavanyo lukhethekileyo lokuhlola umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci.

Yintoni enye enokwenziwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko?

La manyathelo anokunceda:

• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.
• Jonga ikhaya lakho ukuba alinagesi ye-radon. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, faka inkqubo yokususa i-radon ekhayeni lakho.
• Zikhusele kwiikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza (iArsenic, iAsbestos, iNickel) emsebenzini.

Ukuba ndinomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci (i-SCLC), ndingazinyamekela njani?

Utyando kunye nolunye unyango lomhlaza lunokuba nzima emzimbeni. Ungaziva udiniwe kakhulu emva konyango. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uhlale unamandla kulo lonke unyango:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nonyango lomhlaza zinokuchaphazela umnqweno wakho wokutya. Ukuba unengxaki yokutya, buza malunga nokusebenza nogqirha wezondlo. Banokukunika iingcebiso zokukunceda ufumane isondlo osifunayo.
• Yenza umthambo: Umhlaza yimeko ebangela uxinzelelo. Umthambo olula unokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.
• Funa inkxaso:Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci sisifo esingaqhelekanga nesinganyangekiyo. Ukuba phakathi kweqela elincinci labantu abaneengxaki zempilo kunokuba sisizungu. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namaqela enkxaso anokukudibanisa nabantu abaqondayo into ojongene nayo.
• Cinga ngenkxaso yempilo yengqondo: Usenokuvakalelwa kukuba kufuneka ungazithethi iingxaki zakho zomhlaza, ukuze ungabaphazamisi abantu obathandayo. Ukuba kunjalo, cinga ngokusebenza nengcali yezempilo yengqondo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Ukuba unomhlaza wemiphunga omncinci, ungacinga ngokubuza ugqirha wakho malunga noku:

• Kutheni ndifumene umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci?
• Umhlaza wemiphunga ukwinqanaba elingakanani?
• Kuthetha ukuthini oku kwingxelo yam yokuqikelela ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni?
• Loluphi unyango olungcono kumntu okwimeko yam?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi?
• Loluphi unyango olufunekayo emva konyango?
• Ngaba umhlaza uza kubuya?
• Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wemiphunga ophindaphindayo weeseli ezincinci?
• Ndingakuyeka njani ukutshaya?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe "Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer" kunye ne "Small Cell Lung Cancer"?

Kukho umahluko ohlukeneyo:

• Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci uhlala uqala kuhlobo olunye lweseli kwindawo enye yemiphunga yakho. Umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci unokuqala kwiintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zeeseli nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho. Umzekelo, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-adenocarcinoma luchaphazela amadlala ajikeleze amalungu omzimba wakho. Kumhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweseli encinci, i-adenocarcinoma iqala kumaleko angaphandle emiphunga.
• Umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci usasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunomhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci.
• Xa zijongwa nge-microscope, iiseli zomhlaza wemiphunga ezincinci zincinci kakhulu kuneeseli "zomhlaza wemiphunga ezingezizo ezincinci".

Okokugqibela, umyalezo obalulekileyo

Ngenxa yovavanyo lokufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olutsha, abantu abaninzi abanomhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci ngoku baphila ixesha elide . Oogqirha baneendlela zonyango ezinokunceda izigulane ziphile ixesha elide, zibe nobomi obungcono, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, zide zinyange esi sifo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga kwiiseli ezincinci. Ukuba uyatshaya, zama ukuyeka. Nokuba sele unomhlaza wemiphunga, akukaze kube kudala ukuyeka ukutshaya . Cela ugqirha wakho akuncede ufumane inkqubo yokuyeka ukutshaya.

Umhlaza wemiphunga, umhlaza wemiphunga weeseli ezincinci, ukutshaya, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, impilo yemiphunga, umngcipheko womhlaza