Ngaba umntwana wakho uyaqhubeka esenza izinto ezifanayo? Masifunde nge-(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)!

Mhlawumbi ukhe wababona abantwana abancinci, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho, bejika iingalo zabo, benikina iintloko zabo, okanye beshukumisa imizimba yabo ngendlela efanayo. Ngaba ezi zinto zizinto zokudlala nje, okanye ziluphawu lwento esifanele siyixhalabele? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi ntshukumo ziphindaphindayo, ingakumbi imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiStereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD) . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni `(Ingxaki Yokushukuma Kweengqondo Ezingafaniyo)`?

Ngamafutshane, i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder yimeko apho umntwana esenza iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo neziphindaphindayo ngaphandle kwenjongo ecacileyo . Cinga ngokubetheka ngentloko, ukungcangcazela umzimba, njl. Ezi ntshukumo zinokuphazamisana nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomntwana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi emzimbeni.

Ngokwezikhokelo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga le meko, i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), ezi ntshukumo zibizwa ngokuba yi-"SMD" ukuba azinakucaciswa yenye imeko yezonyango okanye amayeza.

Le meko idla ngokuqala ngaphambi kokuba umntu abe neminyaka emi-3 ubudala , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isenokuqhubeka ide ibe ngumntu omdala.

Kuthetha ukuthini oku `(Motor Stereotypies)`? Ngaba oku kwahlukile koku `(SMD)`?

Ewe, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ngaphambi kokuba sifike kwi-`(SMD)`, masiqonde ukuba kuthetha ukuthini i-`(Motor Stereotypies)`. `(Motor Stereotypies)` ibhekisa kwezo ntshukumo, oko kukuthi, iimpawu. `(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)` ibhekisa kuloo meko, oko kukuthi, isifo.

Oogqirha bahlula i-"Motor Stereotypies" ibe ziintlobo ezimbini:

• Iingcamango Ezilula Zeentshukumo Zomzimba: Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu. Zinokubonwa kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Umzekelo, ukumunca ubhontsi, ukuchukumisa imilenze, ukujika iinwele, kunye nokuluma iinzipho. Ezi ntshukumo zilula aziphazamisi imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye zibangele uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ezi asizozinto esizenzayo xa sisebancinci kuphela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha naxa sikhula.

• Iintshukumo Ezintsonkothileyo Zeentshukumo: Ezi ziintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo neziphindaphindayo. Umzekelo, ukuqhwaba izandla, ukushukuma komzimba, kunye neentshukumo zomlomo nezobuso eziphindaphindayo. Ezi ntshukumo zintsonkothileyo zihlala ziqala ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-3 , ngamanye amaxesha ziqhubeke zize zifike ebusheni, kwaye ziqhubeke zize zibe mdala. Zinokuphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kwaye zinokwenzakalisa umzimba. Ezi nkqubo zintsonkothileyo zeentshukumo zihlala zibonakala kwi-SMD.

Emva koko, ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-"Motor Stereotypies" zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini:

• Iingcamango Eziphambili Zeentshukumo Zomzimba: Ezi zenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esingundoqo, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesinye isifo sophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo.

• Iingcamango Zesibini Zeemoto:Ezi zinokwenzeka njengenxalenye yesinye isifo. Umzekelo, umntwana onesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" okanye "Delay of Development" unokuba nezi ntshukumo.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba umntwana one-`(ASD)` wenza olu hlobo lweentshukumo, oogqirha balujonga njengenxalenye ye-`(ASD)` ngokwayo. Abanye balubiza ngokuba yi-`(stimming)`. Ukubizwa ngokuba yi-`(SMD)`, akunakubakho nasiphi na esinye isizathu esicacileyo (esinye isimo sempilo) sezi ntshukumo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder?

Abaphandi abaqinisekanga ukuba i-SMD ixhaphake kangakanani na, kodwa ngokubanzi ithathwa njengengxaki engaqhelekanga . Nangona kunjalo, kukho idatha ethile malunga neeMotor Stereotypies.

Iimeko zengqondo ezintsonkothileyo aziqhelekanga. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba zichaphazela phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-4% yabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, eli nani liphezulu kubantwana abaneemeko ezithile zonyango. Umzekelo, i-61% yabantwana abakhubazekileyo ekukhuleni kunye ne-88% yabantwana abane-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) banokuba nezi ntshukumo zintsonkothileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimbono ezingaqhelekanga ngemithambo-luvo zixhaphake kakhulu. Zinokuchaphazela phakathi kwama-20% nama-70% abantwana abasakhulayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba aboyiki njengoko unokucinga.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Umntwana one-SMD unokufumana iimpawu zengqondo eziphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye ezibangela ukwenzakala emzimbeni. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Ukuqhwaba izandla
• Ukushukuma komzimba
• Ukubetheka kwentloko
• Intshukumo eqhubekayo yomnwe okanye yesandla
• Ukwenza uhlobo olufanayo lweentshukumo zomlomo nobuso (iintshukumo ze-orofacial)
• Ukuzibetha, ukuzigxeka, ukuziluma.
• Ukuluma iinzipho kakhulu

Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zixhaphake kakhulu ngamaxesha anje:

• Xa uxinzelelo lusanda
• Xa kufika ixhala
• Xa wonwabile kakhulu (uvuyo)
• Xa ugxile kakhulu kwinto ethile (ukugxila kakhulu)
• Xa uziva ukruqukile `(ukukruquka)`

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ingqalelo iyaphambukiswa, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zihlala zincipha okanye zinyamalale.

Abantwana abane-SMD badla ngokuthi baziva bonwabile kwaye "balungile" xa besenza ezi ntshukumo. Oku kwahlukile kwimeko efana ne-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Kwi-OCD, ezi ntshukumo zenzelwa ukuziphazamisa kwiingcinga eziphazamisayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uzama ukuthintela umntwana one-SMD ekwenzeni ezi ntshukumo, unokuba nomsindo, adinwe, okanye adinwe .

Zithini izizathu ze-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Abaphandi abakafumani unobangela ochanekileyo weStereotypic Movement Disorder. Ezi ntshukumo ziphindaphindayo azinanto yakwenza naso nasiphi na esinye isifo semithambo-luvo okanye isifo semithambo-luvo.

Kodwa ngokubanzi, abaphandi bacinga ukuba ezi "Motor Stereotypies" zinokubangelwa lutshintsho kwibhalansi yeekhemikhali ezithile engqondweni, esizibiza ngokuba yi "neurotransmitters", umzekelo ``dopamine``, ``acetylcholine`` kunye ``GABA`` .

Kubonakala ngathi kukho unxibelelwano lwemfuza ne-`(Motor Stereotypies)` eyinkimbinkimbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana onezi ntshukumo unamathuba amaninzi okuba nelungu losapho elisondeleyo (umnakwabo, udade wabo, okanye umzali) elinale meko. Nangona kunjalo, akukho jini ithile efunyenweyo okwangoku.

Ungayixilonga njani `(Ingxaki Yokushukuma Kweengqondo Ezingafaniyo)`?

Ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukuxilonga umntwana wakho ngeStereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD), zonke ezi meko kufuneka zifezekiswe :

• Ezi ntshukumo ziphindaphindayo kufuneka zithathe ubuncinane iiveki ezine .
• Ezi ntshukumo kufuneka ziphazamise unxibelelwano lomntwana nabantu, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kungenjalo umntwana kufuneka azilimaze.
• Akukho sizathu simbi sezonyango sale ntshukumo.

Okokuqala, ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngembali yempilo yomntwana wakho. Baza kubuza nangeempawu zomntwana wakho, umzekelo:

• Iqale nini le ntshukumo?
• Ziyenzeka kangaphi ezi zinto?
• Ingaba ezi zinto zinyukile ngenxa yeemeko okanye iindawo ezithile?
• Ezi zinto ziyichaphazela njani imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomntwana?

Kubalulekile nokususa ezinye iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezinokubangela ezi ngxaki zokuguquguquka kwemisipha, ezifana ne-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Oku kunokufuna uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokucebisa novavanyo oluthile, olufana novavanyo lwegazi, ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho isizathu esibonakalayo sale ntshukumo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?

Uninzi lwexesha, akukho nyango luthile lufunekayo kwi-Stereotypic Movement Disorder. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna uncedo lokunciphisa ezi ntshukumo, okanye ukuba uyazilimaza ngenxa yezi zenzo, unyango lokuziphatha olubizwa ngokuba yiHabit Reversal Training (HRT) lunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ubukhali beentshukumo kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwazo.

Kwindlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(HRT)`, umntwana uqeqeshwa ukuba aqaphele iimpawu xa ezi ntshukumo sele ziza kuqala aze enze ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha endaweni yoko. Umntwana ufunda ukulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo esebenzisa ezi ndlela. Eklasini nasekhaya, utitshala womntwana kunye nawe ungaziyeka ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kwaye umphazamise umntwana ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uzibona.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyazilimaza (umzekelo, ukuzibetha entloko okanye ukuzigxeka) ngenxa yezi "Motor Stereotypies" (iindlela ezingaqhelekanga zokuqhuba imoto), amanyathelo akhethekileyo anokufuneka athathwe ukuze amkhusele. Oku kungabandakanya ukuba anxibe "isigcina-ntloko" okanye anxibe iiglavu ukuze anciphise ukugxeka. Ungacela ugqirha womntwana wakho okanye "i-Occupational Therapist" ukuba akunike iingcebiso ngeendlela ezithile ezifanelekileyo zokuziphatha komntwana wakho.

Izifundo zibonise ukuba amayeza athile anokunceda ukulawula iingqondo ezingaqhelekanga kubantwana abane-autism kunye nezinye iingxaki zophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zifundo zibonisa ukuba la mayeza anceda kwi-Stereotypic Movement Disorder.

Ukuba umntwana wam une-`(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`, yintoni endimele ndiyilindele?

Iindlela zokuziphatha ze-`(SMD)` zihlala ziqhubeka zize zibe sebutsheni nasebudaleni. Khumbula, lo gama nje umntwana engazilimazi, ezi ndlela zokuziphatha azilimazi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le yindlela yakhe yokujongana nehlabathi. Ewe, isenokuba yahlukile kweyabanye. Kodwa ayilunganga.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufuna uncedo ngezi ntshukumo, bona ugqirha wakhe okanye ingcali yezonyango. Ukunika umntwana wakho ithuba lokuzikhethela kwizigqibo malunga nokhathalelo lwakhe kunokumnceda azive elawula imizimba yakhe kwaye kunokuba nefuthe elihle kwimpilo yakhe yengqondo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha womntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-Stereotypic Movement Disorder, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• "Kutheni, Gqirha/Nkosazana, umntwana wam enale `(Stereotypic Movement Disorder)`?"
• "Singazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana wam unale nto kwaye akanaso esinye isifo?"
• "Ngaba kukho ezinye iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?"
• "Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam one-Stereotypic Movement Disorder?"
• "Ngoobani iingcali ezinokunceda umntwana wam?"

Ngaba i-Stereotypic Movement Disorder ingathintelwa?

Ekubeni unobangela ochanekileyo weStereotypic Movement Disorder ungaziwa, awunakuthintelwa.

Njengomzali, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva ukhathazekile xa ubona notshintsho oluncinci kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo. I-'SMD' yindlela nje yokwahlula iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo nezingenanjongo ngolu hlobo. Umntwana wakho usenokufuna uncedo okanye angaludingi ngale nto. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxhasa umntwana wakho. Ungafumana uncedo kugqirha womntwana wakho. Ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo nokwabelana ngeengcinga zakho. Bakho ukukunceda.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ingxaki Yokushukuma Kweentshukumo Ezifanayo (SMD) yimeko apho kukho iintshukumo eziphindaphindwayo ezenziwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kwenjongo ecacileyo.
• Ayizizo zonke ezi ntshukumo zinzulu. "Iingcamango ezingaqhelekanga zemoto" ziqhelekile.
• Ukuba ezi ntshukumo ziphazamisana nobomi bomntwana bemihla ngemihla, ukuba ziyazenzakalisa, okanye ukuba umntwana unengxaki yoku, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Iindlela zonyango zokuziphatha ezifana ne-"Habit Reversal Training (HRT)" zinokunceda ekulawuleni le meko.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda umntwana, ukumnika uthando nenkxaso, nokwamkela ezi ntshukumo njengenxalenye yakhe.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ugqirha wabantwana.

Ingxaki yokushukuma okungaqhelekanga , iintshukumo eziphindaphindayo, iintshukumo ezingaqhelekanga zomzimba, i-autism, i-ASD, iingxaki zokuziphatha, impilo yengqondo yomntwana, ukuzenzakalisa