Masifunde ngoMhlaza weSisu ngokulula!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinzulu kancinci, kodwa esibalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Loo mhlaza wesisu, abanye bawubiza ngokuba yi -'(Gastric Cancer)' . Khawucinge nje, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iiseli ezingaphakathi esiswini sethu, oko kukuthi, isisu, ngequbuliso ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo, ngokungathi ziphambene? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo ngomhlaza wesisu. Ezi seli zomhlaza zinokwakheka naphi na esiswini. Uninzi lwexesha, ingakumbi kumazwe afana neMelika, lo mhlaza uvela kwindawo apho isisu kunye nomqala wethu (oko kukuthi, umbhobho ohla usuka emqaleni) udibana khona, esiwubiza ngokuba yi -'(gastroesophageal junction)' . Kodwa kwamanye amazwe afana neSri Lanka, apho umhlaza wesisu uxhaphakileyo, uvela rhoqo kwindawo ephambili yesisu.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba malunga ne-95% yomhlaza wesisu iqala kulwelo lwesisu, umaleko ophezulu wodonga. Kodwa ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezi seli zinokukhula kunye zenze ithumba kwaye zikhulele eludongeni lwesisu. Ngamanye amaxesha, eli thumba linokusasaza (lisasazeke) kwamanye amalungu akufutshane, njengesibindi kunye nepancreas.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wesisu?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba nomhlaza wesisu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinyusa umngcipheko. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu .
• Ukuba uyindoda (amadoda asengozini enkulu kunabafazi).
• Oku kuqhelekile phakathi kwamanye amaqela eentlanga ehlabathini (umzekelo, eMzantsi okanye kuMbindi Melika, eMpuma Yurophu, njl.njl.).

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wesisu?

Umhlaza wesisu lolunye lwezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, awuxhaphakanga kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona, njenge-United States. Enyanisweni, umhlaza wesisu ubanga kuphela i-1.5% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezisandula ukufunyaniswa e-United States. Kwaye inani lamatyala apho liye lehla kancinci kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wesisu?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lomhlaza wesisu , ngokuqhelekileyo akukho zimpawu . Leyo yeyona nxalenye iyingozi kuyo. Nezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zokuqala, njengentlungu yesisu kunye nokuncipha kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, zibonakala kuphela emva kokuba umhlaza udlule kancinci.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu ezinokubakho kumhlaza wesisu:

• I-Anorexia , ukuziva ungalambanga.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (ngokungathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni).
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obungapheliyo.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Isisu esibuhlungu kunye nokungagayeki kakuhle (njengegesi).
• Indle emnyama okanye ukuhlanza igazi .
• Ukuziva ugcwele esiswini, ngokungathi isisu sigcwele umoya emva kokutya.
• Iintlungu zesisu , ingakumbi ngaphezulu kweqhosha lesisu.
• Ukuziva ugcwele nangona emva kokutya isidlo esincinci.

Kubalulekile: Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye iimeko zonyango, ngoko ke ukuba unazo ezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngumhlaza wesisu okanye yinto enye.

Ngaba ungayifumana ithumba lomhlaza wesisu?

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani na, ugqirha unokukwazi ukuva iqhuma esiswini sakho xa uhlolwa. Kodwa amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu ziziva esiswini sakho. Isisu sakho sinokuziva sidumbile, sigcwele, okanye sibuhlungu. Le ntlungu isenokuqala kancinci ekuqaleni ize ibe nzima ngakumbi njengoko isifo siqhubeka.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wesisu?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wesisu ubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo kwi -DNA yeeseli zethu zesisu. Uyazi, le DNA ifana nekhowudi exelela iiseli zethu ukuba zikhule nini kwaye zife nini. Ngenxa yolo tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo, endaweni yokufa, iiseli zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ekugqibeleni zenze ithumba . Ezi seli zomhlaza zinokudlula iiseli eziphilileyo kwaye zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Abaphandi abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela olu tshintsho lwemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, bafumanise ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe waba nomhlaza wesisu (i-hereditary link).
• Usulelo lwebhaktheriya (iHelicobacter pylori - H. pylori) . Le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (i-asidi yesisu enyuka iye emqaleni).
• I-Gastritis (ukudumba kwesisu).
• Usulelo lwe -Epstein-Barr virus .
• Ukuba ukhe waba nezilonda zesisu okanye iipolyps ngaphambili.
• Ukutya okunamafutha, okunetyuwa, okutshayiweyo okanye okufakwe ii-pickle ngokugqithisileyo .
• Ukutya ukutya okuneziqhamo nemifuno embalwa .
• Ukuchanabeka rhoqo kwizinto ezifana namalahle, isinyithi, kunye nerabha.
• Ukutshaya, ukutshaya icuba, okanye ukuhlafuna icuba .
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo .
• Ukutyeba kakhulu .
• `(I-autoimmune atrophic gastritis)` (imeko apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zesisu).

Ukongeza, kukho iimeko ezininzi zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu:

• `(Isifo seLynch)`
• `(Isifo sikaPeutz-Jeghers)`
• `(Isifo sikaLi-Fraumeni)`
• `(I-Familial adenomatous polyposis)`
• "(Umhlaza wesisu osasazekileyo ngokwelifa)"
• `(Ukungakwazi komzimba okuguquguqukayo okuqhelekileyo - CVID)`

Nangona abaphandi bengakwazi ukukhomba unobangela ochanekileyo, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abantu abanohlobo lwegazi 'A' banotyekelo lokufumana umhlaza wesisu.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wesisu?

Xa ubona ugqirha, baya kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango, bakubuze ngeempawu zakho, baze bakwenze uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva esiswini sakho. Emva koko banokwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze bafumanise umhlaza wesisu baze babone ukuba usasazeke kangakanani ('inqanaba').

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi inqanaba lomhlaza . Oku kunceda ugqirha aqonde ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Kumhlaza wesisu, la manqanaba aqala ku-0 (zero) ukuya ku-IV (four). Inqanaba 0 lithetha ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga ngaphaya kolwelo lwesisu. Inqanaba IV lithetha ukuba usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ezi ziimvavanyo ezihlala zenziwa:

• I-endoscopy ephezulu: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuxilonga umhlaza wesisu. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci (ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope) enekhamera encinci esiphelweni ngomlomo wakho ize yehle iye esiswini sakho. Izixhobo zotyando ezincinci zidluliselwa kwi-endoscope ukuze kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu (i-biopsy) eludongeni lwesisu. Emva koko izicubu zithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze zivavanyelwe iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic: Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-endoscopy. Lunceda ekufumaneni inqanaba lomhlaza. I-endoscope esetyenziswa koku ixhotyiswe nge-ultrasound probe, enokuthabatha imifanekiso yesisu. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ukusuka kulwelo lwesisu ukuya eludongeni lwesisu.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Radiologic: Olu luquka ii-CT scans , ii-barium swallows ( apho usela khona ulwelo olukhethekileyo olwenza ulwelo lwesisu sakho lubonakale kwi-X-ray), kunye nee-MRIs . Ezi zinokunceda ekuchongeni iithumba ezinomhlaza kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokunxulunyaniswa nomhlaza. I-PET scan ingasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke emzimbeni wakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nendlela amalungu akho asebenza ngayo. Ukuba ilungu alisebenzi kakuhle, oko kunokubonisa ukuba umhlaza usenokuba usasazeke kuloo malungu.
• I-Laparoscopy: Olu luhlobo lotyando. Lwenziwa xa iindlela ezingangenisi kakhulu ezifana nemifanekiso zinganiki lwazi lwaneleyo malunga nobungakanani bomhlaza. Kule meko, ugqirha wenza amanxeba amancinci esiswini sakho aze afake ikhamera encinci kuwo ukuze ajonge ngqo amalungu omzimba.

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wesisu unqabile kumazwe afana ne-United States, asilulo uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo olujongwa ngumntu wonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unemeko eyonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo rhoqo, olufana ne-upper endoscopy, ukujonga utshintsho lomhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba wenze ntoni ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko wakho.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza wesisu?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza wakho usasazeke kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye neendlela okhetha unyango ngazo. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya iqela loogqirha, kuquka ugqirha wosapho lwakho, ingcali yomhlaza, kunye nengcali yezifo zamathumbu . Baza kukunika iingcebiso ngeendlela zonyango ezilungileyo kuwe.

Utyando

Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokususa iiseli zomhlaza, ithumba, okanye inxalenye okanye sonke isisu.

• Ukususwa nge-upper endoscopy: Kwinqanaba lokuqala, xa umhlaza ukhawulelwe kwiindawo ezingaphezulu zesisu, umhlaza ungasuswa nge-upper endoscopy. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopic submucosal dissection okanye i-endoscopic mucosal resection . Kule meko, ugqirha we-gastroenterologist usika ithumba elinomhlaza eludongeni lwesisu aze alisuse ngomlomo wakho.
• Utyando lwesisu: Xa umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweengqimba zomphezulu wesisu, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe inxalenye okanye sonke isisu. Utyando lwesisu olungaphantsi lususa kuphela inxalenye yesisu echaphazelekileyo ngumhlaza. Utyando lwesisu olupheleleyo lususa sonke isisu. Emva kokuba isisu sisusiwe sonke, ugqirha uya kudibanisa umphimbo wakho kunye namathumbu amancinci ukuze uqhubeke nokutya.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango

Olu nyango luhlasela ngokuthe ngqo iiseli zomhlaza.

• `(I-Chemotherapy - i-chemo)` (unyango lwamachiza): Oku kusebenzisa amayeza ukunciphisa iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuzisusa ngaphambi kotyando. `(I-Chemotherapy)` ikwasetyenziselwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando. Idla ngokunikezelwa kunye nonyango lwemitha. `(Unyango lwamayeza olujoliswe kulo)` lunokunikwa kunye ne-`(i-chemo)`.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kusebenzisa imisebe yamandla ejoliswe kuyo, njengee-X-ray, ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango ngemitha lodwa alusebenzi kakuhle kumhlaza wesisu. Nangona kunjalo, lunokunikwa kunye ne-chemotherapy ngaphambi nasemva kotyando. Unyango ngemitha lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
• Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza:Oku kujonga ubuthathaka beeseli zomhlaza kwaye kubangela ukuba zife. Idla ngokunikezelwa kunye ne-chemo kwimihlaza ebuye yavela okanye eqhubele phambili.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kunceda inkqubo yakho yomzimba ukuba ichonge kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza ezingakwaziyo ukubonwa. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziselwa umhlaza ophindaphindayo okanye odlamkileyo.
• Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Oku kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho njengomntu ophila nomhlaza. Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu yinkonzo ekhethekileyo yezonyango. Ingabandakanya oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nezinye iingcali ezinokukunceda ukuphelisa iimpawu. Ungafumana olu ncedo ukongeza kwiinkonzo ozifumana koogqirha bakho abaqhelekileyo. Ungafumana olu nyango lokudambisa iintlungu kunye nolunye unyango.

Ngaba umhlaza wesisu ungathintelwa?

Nangona umhlaza wesisu ungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba uvavanyiwe usulelo lwe-H. pylori , fumana unyango . Usulelo lwe-H. pylori luyimbangela enkulu yomhlaza wesisu.
• Fumana unyango olukhawulezileyo lwezilonda zesisu, isifo se-gastritis, kunye nezinye izifo zesisu. Izifo zesisu ezinganyangwanga, ingakumbi ezo zibangelwa yibhaktheriya i-H. pylori, ziyandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wesisu.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo. Ukutya ukutya okunempilo okuneziqhamo nemifuno eninzi kunye netyuwa encinci kunye nenyama ebomvu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wesisu. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-vitamin C, i-beta-carotene, kunye ne -carotenoids (umz., iziqhamo ze-citrus, imifuno eluhlaza, iminqathe) ziindawo ezilungileyo zezi zondlo zibalulekileyo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba. Ukusebenzisa icuba kwandisa umngcipheko kungekuphela nje womhlaza wesisu, kodwa nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Okuthethwa bubunzima obusempilweni kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba bubunzima obusempilweni obunjani kuwe.

Ngaba umhlaza wesisu unganyangeka?

Umhlaza wesisu unokunyangeka ukuba ufunyaniswa kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu zibonakala sele ziphumile xa isifo sifunyenwe, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usenokuba sele ufikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinto ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo zonyango lwakho.

Ithini ingqikelelo yabantu abanomhlaza wesisu?

Ithemba lomhlaza wesisu lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza. Abo bafunyenwe bekwinqanaba lokuqala banesimo sengqondo esingcono kunabo bafunyenwe bekwinqanaba eliphezulu. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 lomhlaza wesisu linokuqala kwi-70% (ukuba umhlaza awusasazeki kakuhle) ukuya kwi-6% (ukuba usasazeke kakhulu), kuxhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lwemeko yakho. Uhlobo lomhlaza onalo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nendlela umhlaza wakho osabela ngayo kunyango zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukubikezela kwakho isifo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wesisu, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokuhlolwa rhoqo. Ngaphandle koko, nikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu zakho. Iimpawu ezininzi ezinxulumene nomhlaza wesisu zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye iimeko. Ngugqirha kuphela onokwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Bona ugqirha ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentlungu yesisu kunye nokwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, kunye okanye ungenazo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokutya.
• Urhudo.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Indle enegazi okanye emnyama.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uphi umhlaza?
• Leliphi inqanaba lomhlaza endinalo?
• Oku kuyichaphazela njani ingqikelelo yam?
• Loluphi unyango endinokulufumana?
• Zithini iingenelo zolu nyango? Zithini iingozi ezinokubakho?
• Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela zonyango?
• Ukuxilongwa kwam komhlaza kunye nonyango kuza kuyichaphazela njani ubomi bam bemihla ngemihla?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndifumane uluvo lwesibini?

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umhlaza wesisu usenokungathintelwa rhoqo. Kodwa ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unyangwe kwaye unyangeke. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo sakho somhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokususa iiseli zomhlaza okanye iithumba. Okanye banokucebisa indibaniselwano yonyango olunokubulala okanye lunciphise iiseli zomhlaza.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, indlela ocinga ngayo iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi onokuzixoxa nogqirha wakho. Ungathandabuzi ukubuza malunga neendlela zonyango, iingenelo zazo, kunye neengozi. Funa isikhokelo koogqirha bakho malunga nendlela ukuxilongwa kwakho ngumhlaza okuya kukuchaphazela ngayo. Lilungelo lakho ukuviwa nokuqondwa ngaphandle koloyiko okanye amathandabuzo. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza wesisu , umhlaza wesisu, iimpawu zomhlaza, umhlaza wesisu, i-H. pylori, i-endoscopy, unyango lomhlaza, umngcipheko womhlaza