Xa sibetheka entloko ndaweni ithile, sidla ngokucinga, "Owu, sisithonga nje esincinci kwaye kulungile," akunjalo? Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi xa sibetheka entloko kancinci, asiboni monakalo ngaphakathi kwentloko yethu. Kulapho ke imeko eyingozi kakhulu, nesongela ubomi inokwenzeka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Subdural Hematoma . Ngamafutshane, kulapho igazi liqokelelana ngaphakathi entlokweni, lijikeleze ingqondo. Masithethe ngale nto kanye, ngokulula.
Yintoni i-Subdural Hematoma?
I-subdural hematoma kukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo. Ngokukodwa, yingqokelela yegazi phakathi kweengqimba zee-membrane ezikhusela ubuchopho bethu. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukwenzakala entloko.
Cinga ngengqondo yethu njengelitye elinqabileyo elixabisekileyo. Kukho izinto ezigqumayo ezifana nomqamelo ezijikeleze elo litye elinqabileyo ukuze liyikhusele. Ngokufanayo, kukho iileya ezintathu eziphambili zeemembrane zokukhusela ingqondo yethu. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-'(meninges)'.
- I-Dura mater: Le yingqimba engaphandle neyomeleleyo phantsi kwekhakayi.
- I-Arachnoid mater: Le yilaphu ephakathi, ethambileyo efana newebhu yesigcawu.
- I-Pia mater: Le yingqimba engaphakathi enamathele kwingqondo ngokwayo.
I-subdural hematoma yenzeka xa ukubetheka entloko kubangela ukuba umthambo omncinci wegazi phakathi kwezi layers uqhekeke. Igazi elivela kumthambo oqhekekileyo emva koko liqokelelana kwindawo ephakathi kwe -dura mater yangaphandle kunye ne-inner arachnoid mater . Oku kuhlanganiswa kwegazi, okwakha ihlwili legazi, kubizwa ngokuba yi-subdural hematoma. Le yimeko enzima ewela phantsi kodidi lwe-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).
Ihlwili legazi elenzeka ngolu hlobo liqala ukucinezela ingqondo. Oku kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Subdural Hematoma?
Oogqirha bahlula le meko ngokwesantya sokuqala kweempawu, ubungakanani bokopha, kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo wobuchopho. Olu hlobo lohlula lubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni unyango.
| Uhlobo | Ixesha lokuqala kweempawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|---|
| Ibukhali | Kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa | Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu nolukhawulezileyo . Iimpawu zibonakala emva kokwenzakala okukhulu entloko. Ukuhamba kwegazi kuyakhawuleza, ngoko ke uxinzelelo engqondweni luyanda ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba alunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, lunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni zingqondo, ekukhubazekeni, okanye nasekufeni. |
| I-Subacute | Ukususela kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki | Iimpawu zibonakala kancinci kancinci. Iimpawu zinokubonakala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki, emva kokwenzakala entloko. Le meko inokwenzeka xa umntu exhuzula intloko . |
| Ezingapheliyo | Ukususela kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa | Olu hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala. Ukopha kukhulu kakhulu, kufana nokuthontsiza. Ngenxa yoko, kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kuvela iimpawu, usenokungakhumbuli nokuba ubethe entloko. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu zinokuvela kwangoko emva kokwenzakala entloko, okanye zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo esixoxe ngalo apha ngasentla.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
- Intloko ebuhlungu nengapheliyo: Oku kubuhlungu ngakumbi kuhlobo lwe-`(Acute)`.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Ukuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ubunzima bokuthetha (iDysarthria): Amagama axananazileyo kwaye avakala ngathi ayathintitha.
- Utshintsho lombono: Umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini.
- Ukudinwa: Ukuziva ngathi intloko yakho iyajikeleza.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kukulinganisela: Ukuxakeka xa uhamba.
- Ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba: Ingalo okanye umlenze uba ndindisholo okanye ubuthathaka.
Iimpawu zibonakala ngakumbi kuhlobo olungapheliyo
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo: Ukulibala iziganeko zakutshanje.
- Ukudideka: Awukwazi ukuqonda ukuba ukuphi okanye ukuba lixesha lini.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: Umsindo kunye nokuxhalaba ngequbuliso.
Kwabantwana abancinciUkuba oku kuyenzeka, ukhakhayi lwabo lunokwanda njengoko igazi liqokelelana kuba ukhakhayi lwabo lusathambile.
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka xa imeko imbi kakhulu
Njengoko igazi liqokelelana ngaphakathi entlokweni kwaye uxinzelelo lusanda, iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi.
- Ukukhubazeka komzimba
- Ukuxhuzula
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
- I-Coma
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngamanye amaxesha akukho zimpawu emva kokwenzakala entloko. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke kuyingozi ukuthi nje, "Ndiphilile" xa wenzakele entloko.
Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-Subdural Hematoma?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko ibangelwa kukwenzakala entloko. Umzekelo:
- Ukutyibilika nokuwa kwigumbi lokuhlambela uze ubetheke entloko.
- Ukwenzakala entloko kwibhayisekile, inqwelo enamavili amathathu, okanye ingozi yemoto.
- Ukubetha intloko yakho ngelixa udlala imidlalo efana nebhola ekhatywayo okanye iragbi.
- Ukwenzakala entloko ngenxa yokuhlaselwa.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nale meko emva kwengozi, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kunye nabantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu. Njengoko sikhula, iingqondo zethu ngokwemvelo ziyancipha kancinci. Oku kudala umsantsa omncinci phakathi kwentloko nengqondo. Oku kunokolula imithambo yegazi ethambileyo ekhokelela ebuchotsheni. Nokuba kukuwa okuncinci, le mithambo yegazi eyoluliweyo inokuqhekeka kwaye yophe ngokulula. Ekubeni izihlunu zentamo zabantwana abancinci zingomelelanga, le meko inokwenzeka xa zishukunyiswa kakhulu (ishankenekelwe yi-baby syndrome) .
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi: Amayeza anjenge-anticoagulants, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezifana nesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi, alawula ukujiya kwegazi. Ukuba umntu osebenzisa la mayeza ubetha intloko yakhe, ukopha kunokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuyeka.
- Iimeko ezithile zempilo: Abantu abanezifo ezithintela ukujiya kwegazi, ezifana ne -hemophilia, basengozini enkulu.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo ixesha elide kunokonakalisa isibindi. Isibindi sivelisa iiproteni ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. Xa isibindi sonakele, ezo proteni ziyayeka ukuveliswa, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wokopha.
Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?
Xa usiya esibhedlele unesilonda entloko, ugqirha uza kuqala akuhlole ngononophelo. Uza kukubuza imibuzo efana nale:
- Zeziphi iimpawu onazo?
- Uzibethe njani intloko yakho kwaye nini?
- Ziziphi ezinye izifo onazo?
- Ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo?
Emva koko, ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kwe-hematoma engaphantsi kwesisu, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuhlolwe intloko.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kungathatha umfanekiso wangaphakathi wentloko ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuhlolwe ukopha. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
- Iskeni ye-MRI (iskeni yeMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ubungakanani bokopha kunye nokuba budala kangakanani.
Iphathwa njani?
Kwimeko kaxakeka, oogqirha kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) yesibhedlele baya kuqala bazinzise ukuphefumla kwakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Emva koko, unyango luya kugqitywa ngokusekwe kubungakanani bokopha kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.
- Utyando: Ukuba kukho ihlwili legazi elikhulu kwaye iimpawu zinzima, utyando ludla ngokufuneka. Oku kwenziwa ngugqirha wezifo zengqondo .
- I-Craniotomy: Oku kuquka ukususa okwethutyana inxalenye encinci yekhakayi ukuze kususwe ngokupheleleyo ihlwili legazi eliqokelelene ngaphakathi. Olu tyando lwenziwa ikakhulu kwii-hematomas ezibukhali.
- Imingxunya yeBurr: Oku kuquka ukwenza imingxunya emincinci kakhulu ekhakhayini, ukufaka ityhubhu encinci kuyo, kunye nokukhupha igazi kancinci kancinci. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-hematomas ezingapheliyo.
- Ukujongwa ngaphandle kotyando: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ihlwili legazi lincinci kakhulu kwaye akukho zimpawu, utyando alufuneki. Ugqirha uza kukugcina esibhedlele ukuze ujongwe. Baza kukunika amayeza baze benze iiskeni eziphindaphindiweyo ukuze babone ukuba ihlwili legazi liyanyibilika na.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Ixesha lokuchacha kwesi sifo liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu bachacha ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Kodwa abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bonileyo kakhulu engqondweni, basenokungachacha ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba neengxaki zokukhumbula okanye ubuthathaka emva kotyando, unokufuna ukulungiswa.
- Iingcali zonyango lomzimba: Nceda ngezinto ezifana nokuhamba nokugcina ulungelelwano.
- Iingcali zonyango lomsebenzi: Qeqesha abantu ukuba benze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokuzimela (njengokunxiba, ukutya).
- Iingcali zezifo zolwimi lokuthetha: Zinyanga iingxaki zokuthetha okanye zokuginya.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki zale meko?
Ukuba ayinyangwa, amahlwili egazi amakhulu anokubangela i-coma kwanokufa. Ukongeza, iingxaki ezinje ngezi zinokwenzeka.
- Ukuqhekeka kobuchopho: Le yimeko apho uxinzelelo engqondweni lukhula kakhulu kangangokuba iindawo zengqondo ziphuma kwindawo yazo eqhelekileyo. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukopha kwakhona: Kukho umngcipheko wokopha kwakhona emva kotyando, ingakumbi kubantu abadala.
- Ukuxhuzula: Abanye abantu banokuxhuzula nasemva konyango nokuchacha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Xa ufika entlokweni yakho, musa ukucinga nje, "Akukho nto imbi." Ingakumbi ukuba ungumntu omdala, umntwana omncinci, okanye umntu othatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuthetha, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, okanye ukudideka, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Okukhona ulibazisa ukufuna unyango, kokukhona kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu engqondweni yakho. Ngoko ke ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukusindisa ubomi bakho okanye ubomi bomntu omthandayo.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo. Lumka ungabetheki entloko ngelixa usaphila.
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