Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo uhlala enomsindo okanye elusizi aze azibuze, "Ngaba oku kukutshintsha nje kweemvakalelo okanye yinto engaphezulu?" Enyanisweni kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana bazive belusizi besebancinci. Akumangalisi ukuba iimvakalelo zabo zinokutshintshatshintsha kakhulu ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni oluza naloo minyaka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabakwishumi elivisayo abakwishumi elivisayo lunesifo sokudakumba. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba lunokunyangeka. Ngoko ke ukuba intlungu yomntwana wakho ihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini kwaye ekwabonisa nezinye iimpawu zokudakumba, kusenokuba lixesha lokuba ubone ugqirha ukuze ufumane uncedo.
Kutheni abantwana abancinci bexinezeleka?
Kunokubakho izizathu ezingaphezu kwesinye zokuba umntu oselula abe nokudakumba. Umzekelo, umntwana unokuziva engento yanto okanye engakwaziyo ngenxa yamanqaku aphantsi esikolweni. Ukongeza, izinto ezifana noxinzelelo loontanga, umnqweno wesondo, kunye neengxaki zosapho zonke zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu engqondweni yomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukudakumba kunokubangelwa luxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo.
Nokuba siyintoni na isizathu, ukuba intlungu kunye nobulolo bomntwana azipheli nokuba sele echithe ixesha nabahlobo okanye usapho, okanye esenza izinto azithandayo, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba oko kungaba kukudandatheka.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Amaxesha amaninzi, abantwana abanesifo soxinzelelo babonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abacinga ngayo nabaziphethe ngayo. Uphawu oluphambili kukuba baziva belusizi ngalo lonke ixesha ngaphandle kwesizathu . Basenokuphelelwa ngumdla kuyo nayiphi na into, bazikhuphe eluntwini, baze bahlale kwigumbi labo iiyure ezininzi emva kwesikolo.
Masiqonde oku ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Izinto onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho lwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha | Ukungakhathali, ukuziva ulusizi, uxhalabile, okanye ungenathemba ngalo lonke ixesha, ukuzikhupha kubahlobo, ukucinga ngokufa ngalo lonke ixesha, ukuba wedwa, ukuziva unetyala ngokungeyomfuneko, nokwenza izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo. |
| Iimpawu zomzimba | Iintlungu zomzimba rhoqo (iintloko ezibuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, umqolo obuhlungu), ukudinwa rhoqo, utshintsho kwindlela yokutya (ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukutya kakhulu), ukwehla okanye ukunyuka kobunzima, kunye notshintsho kwindlela olala ngayo (ukuhlala uphaphile ebusuku nokulala emini). |
| Imiba enxulumene nokufunda | Ubunzima bokugxila, ubunzima bokwenza izigqibo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukwehla ngesiquphe kwamanqaku eemviwo, ukungafundi esikolweni. |
| Iindlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi | Ukusetyenziswa kotywala okanye iziyobisi, ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuyingozi. |
Ngaba ukudakumba kubangelwa yimfuza?
Ewe, kunokwenzeka. Esi sifo, esidla ngokuqala phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-30, ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba sisifo sofuzo. Enyanisweni, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakhe wayekhe waba noxinzelelo ngaphambili, umntwana omncinci usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nalo.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo uxinezeleko?
Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni ethile yokuxilonga uxinezeleko. Ugqirha uxilonga ngokuthetha nomntwana, usapho, ootitshala, aze enze uvavanyo lwengqondo.
Ulwazi olufunyenwe kule ngxoxo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubunzulu bokudandatheka kunye nomngcipheko wokuzibulala. Ugqirha ukwajonga ukuba umntwana unezinye izifo zengqondo, ezinje ngexhala, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, okanye isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lokudakumba?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ukudakumba. Amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo zezona ndlela ziphambili. Ukuba ukudakumba komntwana kuyanda ngenxa yeengxabano zosapho, unyango losapho lunokuba luncedo kakhulu. Ukongeza, umntwana udinga inkxaso yosapho kunye nootitshala ukusombulula iingxaki esikolweni okanye nabahlobo. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, unyango lunokufuneka kwicandelo leengqondo esibhedlele.
Kubalulekile: I-FDA ilumkisa ukuba ezinye iziyobisi zokudakumba, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, zinokwandisa umngcipheko weengcinga zokuzibulala. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelene nogqirha wakho kwaye ubeke iliso elibukhali kumntwana wakho xa uqala la mayeza.Ukuba unemibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Ingaba iyeza liyasebenza ngokwenene?
Ewe. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba amayeza okudakumba anokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu. Uphononongo olukhulu lwakutshanje lujonge unyango oluthathu lwabantwana abancinci abanesifo sokudakumba esiphakathi ukuya kwesikhulu:
- Indlela yokuqala: ukusebenzisa amayeza. Umzekelo, iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Prozac)`.
- Indlela yesibini: `(Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)` okanye unyango lwe-CBT. Ngamafutshane, oku kubandakanya ukuchonga iipatheni zengcinga ezimbi engqondweni yomntwana nokumnceda azitshintshe.
- Indlela yesithathu: ukudibanisa amayeza kunye nonyango lwe-CBT.
Emva kweeveki ezili-12, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba iikota ezintathu zabantwana abafumene amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo benze uphuculo olukhulu . Oku kubonisa indlela esebenza ngayo indibaniselwano yonyango zombini.
Zithini iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuzibulala?
Le yinto ekufuneka siyithathe nzulu kakhulu. Ukuzibulala uselula yintlekele enkulu. Iingxaki zosapho, ukuphulukana nomntu omthandayo, ukungaphumeleli kwizifundo okanye kubudlelwane kunokubangela intlungu enganyamezelekiyo entliziyweni yomntwana. Uxinzelelo lunokwenza ezi ngxaki zibonakale ngakumbi.
Iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuzibulala zingabandakanya:
- Ukuthetha ngekamva ngendlela engenathemba.
- Ukuzincama ngokuthi "akukho mntu undikhathaleleyo."
- Ukunika abanye izinto zakho ozithandayo, ubhala iileta zokuvalelisa.
- Ukuqala ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye utywala ukuze uphumle engqondweni okanye ukuze ulale.
- Ukuziphatha ngogonyamelo.
- Ukusongela ngokuzibulala.
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu, funa uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo ngokukhawuleza. Xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo, mse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Singenza ntoni njengabazali?
Ukukhulisa abantwana abancinci ngumceli mngeni, kodwa kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo esinokunceda ngazo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
- Ncoma izinto ezilungileyo endaweni yokohlwaya: Ukohlwaya nokuhlazisa umntwana kunokumenza azive engento yanto. Endaweni yoko, sabela kakuhle kwizinto ezilungileyo azenzayo.
- Bavumele benze iimpazamo: Ukuba sisoloko sizama ukubakhusela, banokulahlekelwa kukuzithemba kwizakhono zabo.
- Nika umntwana wakho inkululeko: Musa ukulindela ukuba enze yonke into oyithethayo.
- Musa ukunyanzelisa amaphupha akho kumntwana wakho:Musa ukuzama ukunyanzela umntwana wakho ukuba ahambe ngendlela ongenakukwazi ukuyihamba.
- Mamela umntwana wakho: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezelekile, mamela ngononophelo oko akutshoyo. Nokuba ingxaki ibonakala incinci kuwe, inokuba yingxaki enkulu kumntwana.
- Gcina imizila yonxibelelwano ivulekile: Nokuba umntwana wakho uzama ukuzikhwebula kuwe, musa ukuyeka ukuthetha. Endaweni yokuyalela ukuba "wenze oku," ukuba umamela ngononophelo, uya kukwazi ukufumana unobangela wengxaki.
Ngaba oku akuyi kuba ngcono ngaphandle konyango?
Uxinzelelo yimeko enokuphinda ivele. Xa sele ivele, inokuphinda ivele ngamanye amaxesha ebomini. Ke ngoko, iziphumo zokungayinyangi zinokuba yingozi kakhulu, zide zibulale. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudandatheka kolutsha akuyonto nje yokutshintsha kweemvakalelo, yimeko yempilo efuna unyango.
- Nikela ingqalelo kutshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo, alala ngayo, atya ngayo, nomsebenzi wakhe wesikolo.
- Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ukufuna uncedo kwangethuba kuya kuphucula iziphumo.
- Ukudibanisa amayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo kunokufezekisa iziphumo eziphumelelayo kakhulu.
- Thatha nayiphi na intetho yokuzibulala ibe nzulu kakhulu kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ngoko nangoko.
- Endaweni yokohlwaya umntwana wakho, yiba ngumzali omamelayo noxhasayo.
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