Ukuba ungumama oza kuba ngumama, ihlabathi lakho lonke lijikeleza umntwana osesiswini sakho. Usebenza nzima kangakanani ukumnika okona kulungileyo, ukumkhusela kuzo zonke iingozi? Kodwa ngaphandle kwethu ukwazi, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokulimaza umntwana wethu. Ezi zinokuba kukutya kwethu, amayeza, okanye nakwindawo esihlala kuyo. Kukho igama elikhethekileyo lazo zinto kwezonyango. Zibizwa ngokuba yi-'teratogens'. Sithetha ngale nto namhlanje.
Zithini ezi teratogens?
Ngamafutshane, le yinto enokuthi, ukuba ityiwe ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iphazamise ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa kwaye ibangele iziphene zokuzalwa (iingxaki zokuzalwa). Ezi zinokubandakanya amayeza, iikhemikhali, usulelo oluthile, kunye namayeza. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye neemeko ezinzima ezifana nokuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo.
Phakathi kwezizathu zeengxaki zokuzalwa, ukuchatshazelwa yi-teratogens kubalelwa phakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-5% yeziphene zokuzalwa. Le yingozi enokuthintelwa ukuba siyazi.
Yintoni egqiba ukuba ezi zinto ziyingozi kangakanani?
Khawucinge ngomama okhulelweyo ejongene nento efana nale. Umonakalo obangelwa yiyo kumntwana awufani kuwo wonke umntu. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.
- Uhlobo lwesithako esiyingozi: Amanye amayeza kunye neekhemikhali ziyingozi ngakumbi kunezinye.
- Ubude bexesha lokudibana nale nto: Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha olichithe udibana nale nto.
- Ubungakanani bokuchaphazeleka (umthamo): Ukuchaphazeleka kakhulu kuyingozi ngaphezu kokuchaphazeleka kancinci.
- Inqanaba lokukhulelwa: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Izitho zomntwana ziqala ukwakheka kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Umonakalo onokubakho ngenxa yokuvezwa kolu hlobo lwento mkhulu kakhulu ngelo xesha.
- Izinto ezibangela ufuzo: Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpembelelo zemfuza ezivela kumama okanye kutata zinokwandisa umngcipheko kumntwana.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-teratogens eziqhelekileyo esizibonayo?
Ngoku makhe sijonge izinto esidibana nazo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ezinokulimaza umntwana. Ndiza kuzibeka kwitheyibhile ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.
| Uhlobo lwesithako/imeko eyingozi | Imizekelo kunye nengcaciso |
|---|---|
| Utywala, icuba kunye neziyobisi | Utywala: Buyonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana. Bunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Iicuba: Zinciphisa ukukhula komntwana, zandisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokuphuphuma kwesisu. Ezinye iziyobisi (i-cocaine, i-heroin, i-marijuana): Zinokubangela ukuzalwa okunobunzima obuphantsi, isifo sentliziyo, kunye ne-neonatal abstinence syndrome. |
| Amanye amayeza | Amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (i-OTC) athengwe kwiikhemesti kunye namayeza abhalwe ngugqirha anokuwela phantsi kolu didi. Imizekelo:
|
| Iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane | Ezinye izifo ezifunyanwa ngumama nazo zinokuchaphazela usana. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo ezaziwa ngesifinyezo se-TORCH.
Ukongeza, izifo ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-hepatitis B kunye ne-C, kunye ne-HIV nazo ziyingozi. |
| Iityhefu kwindawo esingqongileyo |
|
| Izifo ezingapheliyo zikamama | Iimeko ezingalawulekiyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, iimeko ze-thyroid, kunye nezifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni ezifana ne-lupus okanye amayeza athathwayo kuzo nazo zinokuchaphazela umntwana. |
Makhe sithethe kancinci ngamayeza.
Usenokuba ukhathazekile malunga nokusela amayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Usenokuba uzibuza, "Ngaba eli yeza lilungile kumntwana?" Oko kuyaqondakala. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka kunikwe iyeza elibalulekileyo kubomi okanye kwimpilo kamama, nokuba kukho umngcipheko omncinci kumntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba umama onesifo sokuwa uyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza akhe, umonakalo onokubakho kumama nakumntwana mkhulu kakhulu kunomonakalo ovela kwiyeza. Ke ngoko, ugqirha ulinganisa umngcipheko kumama nakumntwana aze enze isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngomngcipheko ophantsi.
Nokuba uthenga iyeza lokukhwehlela okanye lokubandayo kwikhemesti, ungaze ulithathe ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho kuqala.
Kukweliphi inqanaba lokukhulelwa apho ezi zinto ziyingozi kakhulu?
Enyanisweni, ukuchatshazelwa zezi zinto nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, ingozi enkulu yenzeka kwiiveki ezisi-8 zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba amalungu aphambili omntwana, njengengqondo, intliziyo, amalungu omzimba, kunye nomqolo, aqala ukwakheka ngeli xesha. Ukuba into enobungozi ingena emzimbeni ngexesha elinzima kakhulu lokwakheka kwala malungu, inokuchaphazela ngqo uphuhliso lwala malungu kwaye ibangele iziphene ezinkulu zokuzalwa.
Umzekelo, iimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Neural Tube Defects (NTDs), eziziimeko apho ityhubhu ye-neural apho ingqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo wakhe zingavaleki kakuhle, zinokwenzeka kwangethuba kwiiveki ezi-5 zokukhulelwa. Yiyo loo nto sithi lumka ukususela ngexesha oceba ukukhulelwa ngalo.
Zeziphi iziphene zokuzalwa ezinokubangelwa zezi teratogens?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokukhubazeka ezinokubangelwa zezi. Ezinye zibonakala ekuzalweni, ngelixa ezinye zifunyanwa kuphela xa umntwana ekhula. Ezinye zezona zifo ziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:
- Iingxaki zobuchopho okanye zomnqonqo:Umzekelo, iimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-anencephaly, apho ingqondo ingakhuli kakuhle.
- Ukukhubazeka komzimba okanye kwesakhiwo: Amalungu omzimba angasebenzi kakuhle, amathambo amancinci, okanye amalungu omzimba angekhoyo.
- Umlomo oqhekekileyo kunye nenkalakahla.
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okanye iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: ubunzima bokufunda, iingxaki zokuziphatha.
- Iingxaki zentliziyo: Imingxunya entliziyweni okanye kwezinye iimeko zentliziyo ezintsonkothileyo.
Ngoko ke singazikhusela njani iintsana zethu kwezi ngozi?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba uyazikhumbula ezi ngongoma, ungayinciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukucwangcisa ukukhulelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka. Emva koko ungalawula impilo yakho, uyeke ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya, kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ukuze enze naluphi na utshintsho olufunekayo.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke izinto ezicwangcisiweyo zokukhulelwa. Ngoko ke qaphela ezi zinto ukususela kumhla ofumanisa ukuba ukhulelwe.
- Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza onke owasebenzisayo: nokuba yivithamini, ipilisi yePanadol, okanye iyeza le-Ayurvedic. Baxelele yonke into.
- Yeka utywala, icuba, nazo zonke ezinye iziyobisi ngokupheleleyo: Akukho nto ifana nokuthi “incinci into ilungile” okanye “icuba elinye lilungile” ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ubungakanani obukhuselekileyo yi-zero.
- Kuphephe ukuchola ilindle leekati: Cela omnye umntu endlwini ukuba enze lo msebenzi, kuba unokusasaza usulelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis.
- Kuphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo: Ziphephe izinto ezinyusa kakhulu ubushushu bomzimba wakho, njengeebhafu ezishushu kunye neesauna.
- Lumka ngendlela otya ngayo: Kuphephe ukutya iintlanzi ezinkulu (ezifana ne-tuna, i-mackerel) ezine-mercury eninzi. Musa ukutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, intlanzi, okanye amaqanda aluhlaza.
- Lumka kwindawo osebenza kuyo: Ukuba usebenza ngeekhemikhali, iintsimbi ezinzima, okanye imitha, thetha nomphathi wakho kunye nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto uze utshintshele kumsebenzi okhuselekileyo ofanelekileyo xa ukhulelwe.
Vula kwaye uthembeke kugqirha wakho ngayo yonke into. Nokuba usebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi. Bakho ukuze bakuncede, hayi ukukugweba. Ukunyaniseka kwakho lelona nyathelo likhulu onokulithatha ukuze ugcine umntwana wakho ekhuselekile.
Ukukhusela umntwana wakho ongekazalwa kwezi zinto ziyingozi yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana osempilweni uyazalwa. Inyathelo lokuqala kukwazi ukuba ezi zinto zikhona kwaye zichaphazela ukukhula komntwana wakho. Emva koko, ngokuziphepha, ungamnika umntwana wakho isiqalo esihle ebomini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Soloko ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza, iivithamini, okanye izongezo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Yeka ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala, icuba, nazo zonke ezinye iziyobisi. Akukho 'bungakanani' botywala obukhuselekileyo bokukhusela umntwana.
- Ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo esifana nesifo seswekile okanye i-thyroid, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusilawula kakuhle phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.
- Ziphephe izinto ezifana nokuchola indle yeekati, ukusebenzisa ii-sauna ezishushu, kunye neebhafu ezishushu.
- Ukuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo nangokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana umntwana osempilweni. Musa ukufihla nantoni na.
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