Masifunde ngophuhliso kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana wakho omncinci. (Iimpawu zophuhliso kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana omncinci)

Umntwana wakho omncinci ukhula kancinci kancinci, akunjalo? Ufunda izinto ezintsha yonke imihla, kwaye kuyachulumancisa ukubona. Kukho amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwakhe ngeli xesha. Kwaye kufuneka silumke kakhulu malunga nokhuseleko lwakhe. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Ngubani umntwana omncinci?

Xa usiva igama elithi "umntwana omncinci," ungacinga ngokuba umntwana uneminyaka emingaphi. Sidla ngokubabiza abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-1 neli-3 ngokuthi "ngabantwana abancinci." Ngeli xesha, uya kubona umntwana wakho eqala kancinci ukwenza izinto eyedwa . Baza kuqala ukubonisa ukuzimela kancinci. Ngeli xesha lomntwana omncinci, umntwana wakho uya kufunda uku:

• Yitya wedwa.
• Hamba ngaphandle koncedo lomntu.
• Sebenzisa amagama amatsha, phinda amagama owavayo, uze ubize igama nefani yawo.
• Qonda imiyalelo elula efana no "hayi" kunye no "yeka".
• Nxiba ngaphandle koncedo oluninzi.
• Yabelana ngamathoyizi nabanye uze ubavumele batshintshane ngokudlala.

Kodwa khumbula, wonke umntwana uyakhula aze afunde ngesantya sakhe . Abanye abantwana basenokuba abakazazi ezi zinto xa beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Asikuko ukukhuphisana.

Umntwana wam omncinci kufuneka ahlolwe nini?

Ngexesha lonyaka wokuqala womntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ukhula kakuhle kwaye uyahlangabezana nemigangatho ebalulekileyo yonyaka wokuqala. Njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula, olu vavanyo luhlala lusenzeka. Ungathetha nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuze enze ishedyuli yovavanyo oluza kusebenza kumntwana wakho phakathi kweminyaka eli-1 ne-3 ubudala. Uvavanyo luhlala lucwangciswa ngala maxesha:

• Xa uneminyaka eyi-1 ubudala.
• Xa uneenyanga ezili-15 neli-18.
• Kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
• Xa eneminyaka engama-30.
• Kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha lovavanyo lwezonyango?

Njengokuhlolwa kwezonyango ngexesha lobuntwana, ukuhlolwa komntwana osempilweni kugxila ekukhuleni komntwana wakho. Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya:

• Ukulinganisa ubunzima bomntwana wakho, ubude bakhe, kunye nobubanzi bentloko yakhe . Kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba wakhe wonke, kuquka amehlo, iindlebe, amazinyo, intliziyo, kunye nemiphunga.
• Ukubonelela ngemigonyo efunekayo.
• Ukujonga amanyathelo ophuhliso .
• Ukuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo malunga nomntwana wakho okhulayo.
• Ukuthetha ngamanyathelo alandelayo ekuphuhlisweni kwabo.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe amanqanaba aphantsi e-hemoglobin (i-anemia) kunye netyhefu yelothe .

Zithini iingongoma ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lwabantwana abancinci?

Izinto ezibalulekileyo zokukhula zizinto umntwana wakho anokuzenza xa eneminyaka ethile. Ezi zinto ezibalulekileyo yindlela esibona ngayo indlela umntwana wakho aqhuba ngayo:

• Yintoni ehambayo?(Imisebenzi emikhulu nemincinci yemisipha - `Izakhono Ezipheleleyo Nezilungileyo Zokusebenza Kwemisipha`).
• Ukuthetha (Izakhono zoPhuhliso loLwimi).
• Ukufunda (Izakhono Zokuqonda).
• Ukudlala (Izakhono Zentlalo Nezeemvakalelo).

Khumbula, wonke umntwana ukhula ngesantya sakhe . Olu asilokhuphiswano, kodwa luvavanyo lokuba umntwana wakho ufikelela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwezi zigaba. Abanye abantwana bafikelela kwezi zigaba ngaphambi kwabanye. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho ufike kade kwezi zigaba, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho . Ngale ndlela, unokuchonga naziphi na iingxaki kwaye uzisombulule.

Uphuhliso noKhuseleko lwabantwana abancinci abaneminyaka eli-15-18

Phakathi kweenyanga ezili-15 neli-18, umntwana wakho ufunda ukuveza iimvakalelo zakhe ngezakhono zakhe zolwimi ezintsha. Ukudubuleka yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yophuhliso lwabantwana abakule minyaka. Yindlela abakuxelela ngayo ukuba abonwabanga xa bengayifumani into abayifunayo. Ungamnceda ukuzolisa umntwana wakho ngokumphazamisa ngamathoyizi nemidlalo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana wakho ukhala evenkileni efuna ithoyizi, ungamphazamisa ngokumbonisa into emnandi okanye ngokucula ingoma ayithandayo.

Kule minyaka, umntwana wakho ufanele ukuba utya etafileni kunye nosapho lonke. Ufunda ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana necephe nefolokhwe, kwaye ayeke ukusela ebhotileni aze asele ekomityini.

Iimpawu zophuhliso ezibonakala kule minyaka:

• Ukubonisa iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo , ukusuka ekwenzeni ngokungakhathali ukuya ekuboniseni uthando kwabo ubaziyo.
• Ukuvakalisa izimvo ngamagama alula, alula (umz., umama, utata, umntwana, ukutya).
• Uyaqonda imiyalelo elula, enenyathelo elinye efana nokuthi "hlala phantsi."
• Ukuqala ukuhamba nokubaleka .
• Ukusela ngekomityi nokutya ngecephe .

Umkhusela njani umntwana okule minyaka?

Yenza ezi zinto ukuze ukhusele umntwana wakho omncinci phakathi kweenyanga ezili-15 neli-18:

• Vala izitebhisi ngeengcango , kungenjalo umntwana omncinci angawa.
• Xa uhamba ngemoto, beka umntwana kwisitulo semoto esijonge ngasemva .
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lingenazo iityhefu . Lumka ngakumbi kwiikhabhathi eziphakamileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba abantwana abancinci bakwazi ukuzifikelela. Ungaze ugcine iityhefu kwizikhongozeli ezifana neebhotile zokutya okanye zesiselo okanye iijari zejam . Ukuba umntwana wakho usela into enetyhefu, yithathe ibhotile uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko okanye utsalele umnxeba i-1990 Ambulance Service .
• Musa ukunika ukutya okunokukrwitshwa, okufana neminqathe eluhlaza, ama-apile angaxotyulwanga, iidiliya, amandongomane, iisoseji, iipopcorn, kunye neelekese eziqinileyo.Izinto ezifana neeavokhado ezivuthiweyo, iitapile ezicoliweyo, imifuno ephekiweyo, iitumato, kunye neziqhamo ezixotyulweyo okanye eziphekiweyo zezona zilungileyo. Soloko usike ukutya okungqukuva okanye okufana neengqekembe kube ziingceba ezincinci ukuze ungakrwitshwa.

Uphuhliso kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana oneminyaka emi-2 ubudala

Abantwana abaneminyaka emibini ubudala bazele ziimvakalelo kwaye banomdla wokubonisa iimvakalelo zabo kwabanye. Babonisa uthando, ulonwabo, umsindo, kunye nokuchasa.

Ukuqonda komntwana wakho imithetho kusenokuhluka kakhulu koko ukulindeleyo. Ngeli xesha, misela imida eqinileyo nengaguquguqukiyo kwindlela aziphethe ngayo . Uninzi lwabantwana abaneminyaka emibini ekugqibeleni lufuna ukukholisa abazali babo. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba uyamncoma umntwana wakho xa eziphethe kakuhle okanye efunda into entsha.

Ungafumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha kakhulu, unomdla wokwazi izinto, kwaye ukhuthele kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, isigama sakhe sikhula ngokukhawuleza . Ukufundela umntwana wakho iincwadi kunokumnceda andise isigama sakhe, aphucule ukuthetha kwakhe, kwaye aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zokuphulaphula.

Nangona abantwana abaneminyaka emibini bethanda ukuba nabanye abantwana, badla ngokudlala bodwa . Eyona ndlela iphambili yokufunda kwabo kule minyaka kukulinganisa .

Umntwana wakho usenokuqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuba ukulungele ukuqeqesha i-potty . Banokuhlala bomile ixesha elide emini, okanye banokuba nexesha elimiselweyo lokuhamba kwesisu. Basenokuba nomdla wokufunda ngendlu yangasese kwaye bayazi imisebenzi yabo yomzimba. Abantwana badla ngokufunda ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese xa sele bekulungele. Khuthaza umntwana wakho kwaye umncede xa kuyimfuneko . Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana bafunde ukuqeqesha i-potty ngamanyathelo amancinci.

Iimpawu zophuhliso ezibonakala kule minyaka:

• Ukulinganisa abanye, ingakumbi abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala .
• Ukuhlala nokudlala kufutshane nabanye abantwana aze kancinci kancinci aqale ukubandakanya abanye kumdlalo wakhe.
• Uthetha ngezivakalisi ezilula zamagama amabini ukuya kwamane . (umz. "Umntwana ufuna ubisi", "Ndiphe ibhola")
• Ukuchonga iimilo nemibala .
• Ukulandela imiyalelo enamanyathelo amabini , efana nokuthi "thabatha amathoyizi akho uwafake ebhokisini."
• Ukunyuka nokuhla kwezitulo neetafile.
• Ukuma ngeenzwane .

Umkhusela njani umntwana okule minyaka?

Landela la macebiso ukuze ukhusele umntwana wakho oneminyaka emibini ubudala:

• Ukuze uphephe ukutsha , gcina ubushushu bempompo yamanzi ashushu bungaphantsi kwama-49 degrees Celsius (120°F) .
• Faka izixhobo zokubona umsi kunye ne-carbon monoxide kumgangatho ngamnye wendlu yakho, kwigumbi lokulala ngalinye. Vavanya ezi zixhobo zokubona umsi kube kanye ngenyanga, kwaye utshintshe iibhetri rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.
• Izibhamu ezenziwe ekhayaUkuba kufuneka ubagcine, bagcine bevalelwe, ngaphandle kweembumbulu .
• Khusela iintambo zombane ngokuzincamathelisa emhlabeni uze uvale iindawo zombane . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba abantwana abancinci baya kuzama ukufaka iminwe yabo okanye ezinye izinto kuzo.
• Ungaze umshiye umntwana wakho yedwa kwigumbi lokuhlambela, ebhafini, edamini lokuqubha, okanye naphi na apho kukho amanzi . Lumka kakhulu ukuba kukho iibhakethi zamanzi kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ungaze umshiye umntwana wakho yedwa ngaphandle . Soloko ubeka umntu omdala emgqala xa enqumla isitalato okanye edlala ebaleni.

Uphuhliso kunye nokhuseleko lomntwana oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala

Umntwana wakho oneminyaka emithathu ubudala uya eba nobuhlobo ngakumbi kule minyaka, kwaye izakhono zakhe zokuthetha nezokunyakaza komzimba zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Umntwana wakho unomdla wokwazi, uhlala ebuza "kutheni?" kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ebuza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Abantwana abaneminyaka emithathu ubudala bakhula ngokuziva benobuntu obuqinileyo . Umntwana wakho uyawubona umahluko phakathi kwamakhwenkwe namantombazana, kwaye uxelisa imizekelo yabo yabantu abadala. Xa edlala, umntwana wakho usebenzisana ngakumbi noontanga bakhe. Isigama sakhe sikhula siye kumakhulu amagama. Nokuba indlela abiza ngayo ayigqibelelanga, abanye banokuqonda malunga ne-75% yoko kuthethwa ngumntwana wakho.

Izakhono zomzimba zibonisa ukulungelelaniswa okuhle . Umntwana wakho ungathanda ukusika ngesikere, abeke izinto phezu komnye nomnye, aze azobe izangqa.

Iimpawu zophuhliso ezibonakala kule minyaka:

• Ukuvumela ukujika ngexesha lokudlala.
• Ukuchonga izinto abaziqhelileyo ezibangqongileyo.
• Ukuthetha ngokucacileyo ukuze abanye baqonde kwaye usebenzise izivakalisi ezibini okanye ezintathu kwincoko .
• Ukusebenzisa kakuhle ingcinga . Ndingenza amabali ndiwabalise, ndiwenze amathoyizi aphile aze athethe.
• Ukukwazi ukunyuka nokuhla izinyuko ngonyawo olunye kwinyathelo ngalinye .
• Ukukwazi ukubaleka nokunyuka .

Umkhusela njani umntwana okule minyaka?

Yenza ezi zinto ukuze ukhusele umntwana wakho oneminyaka emithathu ubudala:

• Ziqhelise into omawuyenze xa kukho umlilo ekhaya (Fire Drills) .
• Ziqhelise ukunxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela ibhayisekile.
• Thetha ngendlela yokuzikhusela kubantu ongabaziyo (Ukhuseleko lwabasemzini) .
• Xa upheka, jika izibambo zeembiza neepani ukuze zingabonakali phambi kwesitovu , ukuze umntwana angazichukumisi.
• Fundisa umntwana wakho igama lakhe, idilesi, kunye nenombolo yakhe yefowuni . Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukumfundisa indlela yokufowunela ku-119 (amapolisa) okanye ku-1990 (i-ambulensi) xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

Zeziphi izinto umntwana afanele azazi ngaphambi kokuba aye kwisikolo sabantwana abancinci?

Ukuqala isikolo sabantwana abancinci yenye inkalo ebalulekileyo ebomini bomntwana wakho. Oku kungaba yingqokelela yeemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo kuwe nakumntwana wakho omncinci. Kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ukulungele kunokunceda ukwenza utshintsho lube lula. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqonde ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho aqale isikolo sabantwana abancinci:

• Ukwabelana nabanye .
• Ukukwazi ukuthetha ngeemfuno zabo nezinto abazifunayo .
• Ukukwazi ukumamela nokunikela ingqalelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
• Ukwazi ukubona oonobumba namanani athile .
• Ukusebenzisa isimilo esihle esifana nokuthi “nceda” kunye nokuthi “enkosi”.

Umntwana wakho uza kufunda lukhulu eklasini, kwaye akufuneki zonke ezi zakhono zigqibelele ngaphambi kosuku lokuqala. Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo onokumlungiselela ngayo umntwana wakho kukumfundisa ukulawula iimvakalelo zakhe eklasini . Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka akwazi ukuthi "Ndiza kubuya" xa umshiya, kwaye athethe notitshala ukuba ufuna uncedo.

Zeziphi izinto zokudlala ezinceda ekuphuhliseni ingqondo ebantwaneni?

Esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo esisijongayo njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula kukukhula kwengqondo . Uphuhliso lwengqondo yindlela umntwana wakho asebenzisa ngayo ingqondo yakhe ukufunda ngehlabathi elimngqongileyo. Phakathi kweminyaka eli-1 neli-3 ubudala, umntwana wakho uphuhlisa izakhono ezintsha ezininzi zengqondo, ezifana nokucinga ngokuzimeleyo, ukuqonda imiyalelo, ukunxibelelana nabanye, nokusebenzisa ingcinga yakhe. Nazi ezinye imidlalo kunye nemisebenzi enokunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zengqondo:

• Ukusebenzisa ingcinga ngokubalisa amabali nokudlala.
• Ukudlala ngoonodoli, izilwanyana ezifakwe izinto, kunye namathoyizi .
• Ukudlala ngeephazili ezineziqwenga ezintathu okanye ezine.
• Umzobo ngeepensele ezinemibala .
• Ukwakha inqaba ngeebhloko .
• Ukusebenzisa izinto zokudlala ezineendawo ezishukumayo ezifana namaqhosha kunye nee-levers.
• Ukudlala ngokuzifihla .
• Ukwahlulahlula iimpahla ngokobukhulu nombala .
• Ukucula iingoma kunye neengoma ezicengcelezayo .

Zeziphi iingxaki zempilo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kufikwa ekukhuleni kwabantwana?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-17% yabantwana eMelika banengxaki yokulibaziseka kokukhula okanye ukukhubazeka. Iimeko ezifanayo zinokubonakala naseSri Lanka. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.

• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum: I-Autism sisifo esibangelwa kukukhula kwemithambo-luvo.Oku kuchaphazela indlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo, abaziphatha ngayo ngokwasentlalweni, kunye neendlela zabo zokuziphatha. Iimpawu ze-autism ebantwaneni ziquka: iingxaki ngezakhono zentlalo, ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, iingxaki ngezakhono zomzimba ezintle kunye nokulungelelaniswa, kunye nokungabikho kwengqwalasela.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo: Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kuthintela amandla omntwana okufunda nokwenza ngesantya esifanayo noontanga bakhe. Iimpawu zokukhubazeka kwengqondo ebantwaneni ziquka: ukungakwazi ukuveza iimfuno zakhe, ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokusilela ukuqonda imithetho yentlalo. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunokubonwa kwiimeko ezifana neDown syndrome, i-fetal alcohol syndrome, kunye ne-Fragile X syndrome .
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso: Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso kuxa umntwana wakho ethatha ixesha elide ukufikelela kwinqanaba elithile lophuhliso. Ezi zigaba zisetyenziselwa ukumisela indlela umntwana wakho adlala ngayo, afunda ngayo, athetha ngayo, ashukuma ngayo, kwaye aziphethe ngayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukulibaziseka kokuthetha okubonakalayo, ukulibaziseka kokwamkela intetho, ukulibaziseka kokusebenza kwe-fine motor okanye sensory, okanye ukulibaziseka kokunyakaza okukhulu .

Xa kuchongwa ukulibaziseka kokukhula, unyango kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubuyisela umntwana wakho endleleni. Ukuba ukulibaziseka akuchongwanga kwangethuba, umntwana wakho unokuba nobunzima bokufunda xa eqala isikolo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba nokulibaziseka kokukhula, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha .

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngendlela aziphethe ngayo okanye indlela afunda ngayo, thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Ezi ziimpawu zokuba umntwana wakho usenokuba nokulibaziseka kokukhula:

• Ulahlekelwa zizakhono zakhe zangaphambili . Umzekelo, wayedla ngokuthetha amagama ambalwa, kodwa ngoku akasawathethi.
• Ukungasebenzisi izivakalisi ezinamagama amabini (ezifana nokuthi `seza ubisi`) nokuba sele kudlule iminyaka emibini.
• Ukungaqondi indlela yokusebenzisa izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana necephe nefolokhwe.
• Ukungalandeli imiyalelo elula efana nokuthi "hayi" okanye "yeka."
• Ukungazinzi xa uhamba .
• Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye abantu abadala okanye abantwana okanye ukungajongani kakuhle emehlweni .

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokukhula okulibazisekayo , kubalulekile ukuba uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza . Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole umntwana wakho aze anyange naziphi na iingxaki zokukhula.

Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha

Xa undwendwela ugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba umntwana wam omncinci ukhula ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakhe?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuba umntwana wam omncinci uphoswa zizinto ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso?

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Umntwana wakho ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unxulumana ngakumbi nehlabathi elimngqongileyo. Hlala ujonge amanyathelo akhe okukhula phakathi kweminyaka eli-1 neli-3. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho ufike kade ekufikeleleni amanyathelo akhe okukhula, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho . Wonke umntwana wahlukile, kodwa ukubanika inkxaso abayifunayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuya kubanika amandla amakhulu kwikamva labo. Uthando lwakho, ingqalelo, kunye nenkuthazo zezona zinto zixabisekileyo abanokuba nazo!

Uphuhliso lwabantwana abancinci , amanyathelo ophuhliso, ukhuseleko lomntwana, iinyanga ezili-15-18 ubudala, iminyaka emi-2 ubudala, iminyaka emi-3 ubudala, ukulungela isikolo sabantwana abancinci