Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva izihlunu zishukuma engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye egxalabeni? Okanye uziva ngathi amazwi akho ayadideka xa uthetha, okanye amalungu akho aphelelwe ngamandla? Nangona sicinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibi kakhulu esinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, njenge -ALS ( Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ) . Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Namhlanje sithetha ngesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ALS, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ALS?
Cinga ngayo, umzimba wethu ufana nomatshini ontsonkothileyo. Ingqondo yethu ithumela imiyalezo kwiindawo zalo matshini ukuze isebenze. Kukho uhlobo oluthile lweseli yemithambo-luvo ethwala le miyalezo iye kwizihlunu. Sizibiza ngokuba zii -motor neurons . Xa uhamba, utya, uthetha, uphefumla, konke oku kulawulwa yimiyalezo evela kwezi neurons ze-motor.
Kwi-ALS, ngesizathu esithile, ezi motor neurons ziyancipha kancinci kancinci, zingasebenzi, zize zife. Emva koko, nangona ingqondo ifuna, ayinandlela yokuthumela imiyalezo kwimisipha. Xa imiyalezo ingafunyanwa, imisipha iyancipha kancinci kancinci ize ibuthathaka. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-atrophy .
I-ALS sisifo esiqhubekayo, oko kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukuthetha, ukutya, kunye nokuphefumla ziya ziba nzima ngakumbi njengoko izihlunu zisiba buthathaka.
Nangona umonakalo obangelwe sesi sifo ungenakuguqulwa, amayeza kunye nonyango olwahlukeneyo lunokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula kwaye lulawule isantya esiqhubekela phambili ngaso isifo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-ALS.
I-ALS inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:
1. I-ALS engaqhelekanga: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Malunga nama-95% ezigulane ze-ALS zinalo olu hlobo. Igama elithi "Sporadic" lithetha ukuba lwenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
2. I-ALS yosapho (FALS): Olu luhlobo lwelifa. Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yezigulane ze-ALS zinolu hlobo. Apha, esi sifo sibangelwa sisiphene semfuza (ukuguqulwa kwemfuza) kwaye i-gene enesiphene idluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni.
Yintoni ebangela i-ALS ngokwenene?
Inyaniso kukuba, abaphandi basazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-ALS. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekucingelwa ukuba zinegalelo kuyo:
- Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo: Ngenxa yotshintsho kwezinye izakhi zofuzoKufunyenwe ukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo zinokonakala.
- Ukungalingani kweGlutamate: IGlutamate yikhemikhali (i-neurotransmitter) ethumela imiyalezo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo. Kukholelwa ukuba le glutamate iqokelelana ijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo zabantu abane-ALS kwaye inokonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
- Iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Ngamanye amaxesha inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela inokuhlasela ize itshabalalise iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezisempilweni.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative : Ezinye izinto eziyingozi (ii-free radicals) ezenzeka xa iiseli zethu zivelisa amandla zingonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
- Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Kukwaqhutywa uphando ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali okanye iintsholongwane ezithile kungaba yimbangela.
Zithini iimpawu ze-ALS?
Iimpawu ze-ALS zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa ngokubanzi, uphawu oluphambili kukulahlekelwa kulawulo lwemisipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
| Inqanaba lesi sifo | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala |
|
| Iimpawu ezenzeka ngexesha lokwanda kwesi sifo |
Ifunyaniswa njani i-ALS?
Ukufumanisa i-ALS kunokuba nzima kancinci, njengoko iimpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo. Ke ngoko, ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimo zimbi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unale mpawu, ingakumbi ingcali yezifo zengqondo.
| Uvavanyo | Yintoni eyenzayo? |
|---|---|
| I-Electromyogram (EMG) | Isixhobo esifana nenaliti sifakwa kwisihlunu kwaye umsebenzi waso wombane uyalinganiswa. Ukuba une-ALS, umsebenzi wemisipha awuqhelekanga. |
| Uphononongo lokuHanjiswa kweMithambo | Ihlola indlela imiyalezo edluliselwa ngayo phakathi kwemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha. |
| Iskeni yeMRI | Imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho kunye nomqolo ithathwa ukuze kuhlolwe iithumba okanye ezinye iingxaki. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo | Ezi zinceda ekuthinteleni ezinye iimeko zempilo. |
| I-Biopsy yeMisipha | Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lemisipha lize lihlolwe ngemakroskopu. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho ezinye izifo zemisipha. |
Ngaba i-ALS kunye ne-MS zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?
Abantu abaninzi babhidanisa i-ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) kunye ne-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Nangona zombini zichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, zizifo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
- I-MS (Multiple Sclerosis) sisifo esihlasela amasosha omzimba esonakalisa isigqubuthelo sokukhusela (i-myelin) esijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
- Kwi -ALS , ii-motor neurons zitshatyalaliswa ngokuthe ngqo.
Unyango kunye nolawulo lwe-ALS
Okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-ALS. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza aliqela anokunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ukwandisa ubomi, nokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula. Umzekelo, iRiluzole kunye ne -Edaravone zivunyiwe ngenxa yesi sizathu. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.
Ukongeza, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokulawula iimpawu.
- Amayeza ezinto ezinje ngokudumba, iintlungu, ukuqhina kwesisu, kunye nokudinwa.
- Unyango Lomzimba: Lunceda ukugcina izihlunu zomelele kwaye zihamba ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lukufundisa ngezixhobo kunye neendlela ezikunceda wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula.
- Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda ekuthetheni nasekuginyeni ubunzima.
- Unyango lokuphefumla: Lunika inkxaso xa kuvela ubunzima bokuphefumla.
Izinto ekufuneka uzazi xa uphila ne-ALS
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS ngumceli mngeni otshintsha ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokuphila ubomi obuqinileyo nale meko.
- Zivumele ukuba uzive iimvakalelo zakho: Kuqhelekile ukuba lusizi, unomsindo, okanye uloyiko. Musa ukuzifihla ezo mvakalelo, thetha nomntu omthembayo.
- Fumana ulwazi: Funda ngemeko yakho. Buza ugqirha wakho imibuzo.
- Joyina amaqela enkxaso: Ukuthetha nabanye abaphila nesi sifo njengawe ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla engqondo.
- Yenza utshintsho ekhaya: Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ukuhamba kunokuba nzima ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, cinga ngezinto ezifana nokususa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo, ukufaka ii-grab bars kwigumbi lokuhlambela, kunye nokulungisa iingcango ukuze kube lula ngesihlalo sabakhubazekileyo.
- Xhasa abanakekeli bakho: Ngumthwalo omkhulu kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo abakuncedayo kolu hambo. Bancede baphumle kwaye banyamekele impilo yabo yengqondo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ALS sisifo esitshabalalisa kancinci kancinci ii-motor neurons, ezithwala imiyalezo esuka engqondweni ukuya kwimisipha.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngokuxhuzula kwemisipha, ubuthathaka bemisipha, okanye ubunzima bokuthetha, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo lokulawula indlela esiqhubeka ngayo esi sifo nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
- Unyango olufana nonyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, kunye nonyango lokuthetha lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Inkxaso yosapho lwakho, abahlobo, iqela lezonyango kunye namaqela enkxaso ibaluleke kakhulu.
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