Xa ujonge intyatyambo entle, uvumba isidlo esimnandi, okanye uhleka nomhlobo, ngaba wakha wazibuza ngendlela emangalisayo esebenza ngayo yonke le nto? Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yee-nerve ezili-12 ezisebenza njengenkqubo ekhethekileyo yocingo lombane evela engqondweni yethu. Namhlanje sithetha ngezi 'Cranial Nevers' zimangalisayo.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi mithambo-luvo zentloko?
Kulula kakhulu. Ezi ziiperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo ehamba ngqo ukusuka engqondweni yakho ukuya entlokweni yakho, ebusweni, entanyeni, nakwiindawo zesifuba sakho nesisu. Zifana neentambo zedatha ezikhethekileyo ezithwala ulwazi phakathi kwengqondo yakho, amalungu akho kunye nemisipha yakho. Ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.
Sicinga ukuba sibona ngamehlo ethu kuphela, sivumba ngeempumlo zethu, kwaye sinambitha ngolwimi lwethu. Kodwa eneneni, la malungu eemvakalelo awakwazi ukuthwala ulwazi oluya engqondweni, kwaye imiyalelo evela engqondweni ayinakuthwalwa iye kula malungu eemvakalelo ngaphandle kwala malungu e-cranial. La malungu eemvakalelo afanayo akwanceda ukuba ubonise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zembonakalo yobuso kunye nokuthetha.
Sinee-nerve ezimbini ezili-12. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ezimbini kwi-nerve nganye, enye iya kwicala lasekunene lomzimba kwaye enye iya ngasekhohlo.
Zithini ezi mithambo-luvo zili-12? Zenza ntoni?
Imithambo-luvo nganye kwezi zili-12 inomsebenzi othile. Eminye ithwala ulwazi lweemvakalelo, oko kuthetha ukuba idlulisela ulwazi engqondweni malunga nezinto ezifana nevumba, incasa, kunye nokubona. Eminye ithwala ulwazi lwemithambo-luvo, oko kuthetha ukuba ihambisa izihlunu. Eminye imithambo-luvo yenza zombini ezi zinto. Makhe sijonge ezi mithambo-luvo zili-12 kunye nemisebenzi yazo ephambili.
| Igama lemithambo-luvo kunye nenombolo | Umsebenzi oyintloko ulula. |
|---|---|
| I-Olfactory nerve (CN I) I-olfactory nerve | Ikunceda ukunuka . |
| Umthambo we-Optic (CN II) Umthambo we-optic | Ikunika ukubona . |
| I-Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Umthambo we-Oculomotor | Inceda ekushukumiseni amehlo, ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni iinkophe, nasekutshintsheni ubukhulu bomfundi. |
| Umthambo weTrochlear (CN IV) Umthambo weTrochlear | Inceda ekujongeni amehlo ezantsi nangasempumlweni. |
| Umthambo weTrigeminal (CN V) Umthambo we-Trigeminal | Zithwala iimvakalelo ezifana nokuchukumisa kunye neentlungu ebusweni, emehlweni, nangaphakathi emlonyeni. Zikwasinceda ekuhlafuneni ukutya. |
| I-Abducens nerve (CN VI) I-Abducens nerve | Inceda ekujikeni amehlo emacaleni (ekhohlo nasekunene). |
| Umthambo wobuso (CN VII) Umthambo wempundu | Ilawula imbonakalo yobuso efana nokuncuma nokufinga iintshiya. Ikwanceda ekuvezweni kwencasa kwinxalenye yolwimi. |
| I-Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) I-nerve yokulinganisela ukuziva | Ikunceda ukuba uve kwaye ugcine ibhalansi emzimbeni wakho. |
| I-glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Umthambo we-glossopharyngeal | Inxalenye yolwimi inceda ekunambitheni, ekuginyeni , nasekuveliseni amathe. Ikwanceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Umthambo weVagus (CN X) Umthambo weVagus | Le yeyona nerve inde kakhulu entloko . Ilawula eminye imisebenzi emininzi ezenzekelayo emzimbeni, efana nokugaya ukutya, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Umthambo we-accessory (CN XI) Imithambo-luvo eyongezelelweyo | Ilawula iintshukumo zentamo namagxa. |
| I-Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Umthambo we-Hypoglossal | Ilawula iintshukumo zolwimi , yenza kube lula ukuthetha, ukutya, nokuginya. |
Ngaba ezi mithambo-luvo zingonakala?
Ewe, ngelishwa, le mithambo-luvo ingonakalisa. Xa kwenzeka loo monakalo, imithambo-luvo ayikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Zininzi izizathu zoku.
- Ukulimala entloko: Le mithambo-luvo ingonakalisa ukuba ubetheke entloko yakho kwingozi.
- Izifo zengqondo okanye zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-neuropathy okanye i-ALS (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis).
- Uxinzelelo oluvela kwiithumba: Ithumba okanye ukudumba engqondweni kunokubangela uxinezeleko lwemithambo-luvo.
- Iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi: Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo-luvo kunqanyulwa ngenxa yeemeko ezifana nestroke, zingonakala.
- Iintsholongwane: Ezinye iintsholongwane, umzekelo, intsholongwane ebangela ii-shingles.
- Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba: Izifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imithambo-luvo.
- Utyando: Kukho umngcipheko wokwenzakala ngengozi ngexesha lotyando lobuchopho, lobuso, okanye lwamazinyo.
Yintoni ukukhubazeka komzimba?
Igama elithi 'Palsy' lithetha nje 'ukungashukumi' okanye 'ukungasebenzi'. Xa umthambo wentloko olawula intshukumo wonakele, izihlunu ezinxulumene nawo ziba buthathaka okanye zingasebenzi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'palsy'.
Umzekelo, i-Bell's palsy yinto abantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu abaye beva ngayo. Kulapho umthambo wobuso, olawula izihlunu zobuso, uchaphazeleka khona, nto leyo ebangela ukuba elinye icala lobuso liphelelwe ngumsebenzi walo ngequbuliso lize liwe. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kwenzeka okwexeshana.
Kukho nezinye iimeko ezifana nale:
- I-Third nerve palsy: Kule meko, iliso elinye libonakala ngathi lijonge ezantsi kwaye lijonge ecaleni.
- Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo-luvo yesine: Ukubona kabini kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi xa ujonge ezantsi.
- Isifo sesithandathu semithambo-luvo: Amehlo awanakujikwa aye kwicala elinye (njengestrabismus).
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho
Enye imeko ekhethekileyo yi -trigeminal neuralgia.Okwenzekayo koku kukuba kukho intlungu enganyamezelekiyo, efana nombane enxulunyaniswa ne-trigeminal nerve, eva ukuchukumisa ebusweni. Nangona le ntlungu ihlala ixesha elifutshane, kunzima kakhulu ukuyinyamezela.
Uzigcina njani ezi mithambo-luvo zixabisekileyo ziphilile?
Asinakuthintela ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina ubuchopho bethu, ezi mithambo-luvo zentloko, kunye nenkqubo yonke yemithambo-luvo isempilweni.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okufana neziqhamo nemifuno.
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
- Ukuba unezifo ezinokonakalisa imithambo-luvo yakho, njengesifo seswekile , zilawule kakuhle.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuba usela utywala , nciphisa kakhulu.
Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu zalo naluphi na ukonzakala kwemithambo-luvo yentloko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimithambo-luvo eyenzekileyo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingezantsi, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba icala elinye lobuso livakala lingenabomi kwaye litsalwa ezantsi.
- Ukuba unentlungu ebuhlungu okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni bakho.
- Ukuba uziva ubuthathaka okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokubona (ukubona izinto ngokungathi zibonakala zingabonakali kakuhle, zingabonakali kakuhle).
- Ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwincasa okanye ivumba.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha (iDysarthria).
- Ubunzima bokuhlafuna okanye ukuginya ukutya (i-Dysphagia).
Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esinzima, esifana nesifo sohlangothi. Ngoko ke ungazityesheli. Kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo-luvo yentloko ziiperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo ekhethekileyo evela engqondweni kwaye ilawula iimvakalelo zethu kunye neentshukumo zobuso nentamo.
- Siyabona, siyava, siyavumba, siyangcamla, siyahleka, kwaye siyathetha ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwezi mithambo-luvo.
- Le mithambo-luvo ingonakalisa ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko, ukufa icala, usulelo, kunye nezinye izifo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokungaziva mnandi kwelinye icala lobuso bakho, iingxaki zokubona, okanye ubunzima bokuhlafuna okanye ukuginya, isenokuba yingxaki yomthambo wentloko.
- Wakuba uqaphela naziphi na ezi mpawu, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye kubona ugqirha wakho.Indlela yokuphila esempilweni inceda ekukhuseleni ezi mithambo-luvo zixabisekileyo.
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