Uvavanyo lwezonyangoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 5 min

Isifo se-ALS: izizathu, iimpawu kunye noko kufuneka ukwazi (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:50:45.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi into efana nekomityi okanye ipeni iwela phantsi ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu? Okanye uziva ngathi imilenze yakho iyakhubeka xa uhamba, okanye amazwi akho ayabhideka xa uthetha? Nangona ezi zihlala zizinto ezenzeka kuthi, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zento enzulu eyenzekayo emzimbeni wethu. Yile ndlela esiza kuthetha ngayo ngesifo esinxulumene nenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo namhlanje. Yiyo loo nto i-ALS.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ALS?

I-ALS sisifinyezo se- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba 'sisifo sikaLou Gehrig', emva kukaLou Gehrig, umdlali webhola ekhatywayo odumileyo ngeminyaka yoo-1930. Ngamafutshane, sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-motor neurons .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi motor neurons. Khawuthelekelele, uphakamisa ingalo, ushukumise umlenze, uthetha, uhlafuna ukutya... Wenza konke oku ngokuzithandela, akunjalo? Kaloku, ezi motor neurons zilawula izihlunu esizicingayo nesizilawulayo. Ezi motor cells zithwala umyalezo ovela ebuchotsheni ukuya kwizihlunu, zisithi, "Yenza oku." Xa i-ALS ikhula, ezi motor neurons ziyancipha kancinci kancinci kwaye azisebenzi. Emva koko imiyalezo evela ebuchotsheni ayifikeleli kwizihlunu ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, izihlunu ziyaphela kancinci kancinci kwaye zinciphe.

Eyona nto ibuhlungu kukuba esi sifo ekugqibeleni siyayityhafisa i-diaphragm, imisipha esinceda siphefumle. Izigulane ezininzi ziyafa ngenxa yokusilela kokuphefumla . Akukabikho nyango luqinisekileyo lwesi sifo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba ne-ALS?

Unobangela ochanekileyo we-ALS awukafunyanwa, kodwa ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zichongiwe.

I-Genetics: Kwipesenti encinci yabantu abane-ALS, malunga ne-10%, idluliselwa kwilifa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho unesi sifo, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba esi jini sidluliselwe kubantwana bakhe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Familial ALS .
Ubudala: Umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo uyanda xa umntu ekhula ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 ukuya kwengama-80 ubudala.
Isini: Phakathi kwabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, amadoda anamathuba amancinci okufumana esi sifo kunabafazi. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala, loo mahluko uyanyamalala.
Ukutshaya:Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu ye-ALS, ingakumbi kubafazi emva kokuya exesheni.
Iityhefu : Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezithile, ezifana nelothe, kusenokuba yingozi. Oku kusaphandwa.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba utye ikhemikhali enobuthi, ungoyiki kwaye utsalele umnxeba iZiko loLwazi lweeTyhefu likaZwelonke kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso efanelekileyo kwezonyango.

Inkonzo yasemkhosini: Okumangalisayo kukuba, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba abo basebenze emkhosini banomngcipheko ophezulu kancinci wokuba ne-ALS. Isizathu esichanekileyo asaziwa, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba sinxulumene nezinto ezinje ngokuchanabeka kwiityhefu kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala ze-ALS?

Iimpawu ze-ALS aziveli ngequbuliso, kodwa zibonakala kancinci. Ekuqaleni, usenokubona utshintsho oluncinci kakhulu. Mhlawumbi isandla sakho sivakala singasasebenzi xa ubambe ivili lokuqhuba imoto. Okanye unokuba nobunzima bokuthetha ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ezinye iimpawu. Iimpawu zokuqala ziyahluka kumntu nomntu.

Kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqala:

Ukukhubeka xa uhamba, imilenze iyabhideka.
Ubunzima bokubamba into ngokuqinileyo esandleni (umz., ukuwisa iikomityi, iipani).
Intetho engacacanga .
Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya okanye izinto ezilulwelo.
Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha okanye iintlungu.
Ukushukuma kwemisipha - okukwabizwa ngokuba yi-fasciculations .
Ubunzima bokugcina umzimba umile kakuhle, ukungakwazi ukugcina intamo ithe tye.

Esi sifo sinokwahlulwa sibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela esiqala ngayo: Ukuqala kwelungu (kuqala emilenzeni) kunye nokuqala kweBulbar (kuqala ngobunzima bokuthetha nokuginya) .

Indlela esiqala ngayo esi sifo	Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Ukuqala Kwamalungu (Umqolo)	Kwabaninzi, esi sifo siqala ngolu hlobo. Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni. Izandla: Ubuthathaka ezandleni, ubunzima bokujika isitshixo, ukujika iqhosha, ukuwa ezandleni. Emilenzeni: Ukukhubeka xa uhamba, ukurhuqa umlenze, ukuziva ngathi unyawo luwela emhlabeni (ukuwa kweenyawo).
Ukuqala kweBulbar (ukuqala kokuthetha/ukuginya)	Oku akuvamile kangako. Iimpawu ziqala kwimisipha yobuso, entanyeni, nasemqaleni. Iimpawu: ukuthetha okungacacanga, ubunzima bokuginya, utshintsho lwelizwi, ulwimi olungalawulekiyo okanye iintshukumo zomhlathi.
Esi sifo siya sibi ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Xa isifo sisiya siba sibi	Ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuncipha kwemisipha (ukushwabana), ubunzima bokuhlafuna nokuginya, ukungakwazi ukuqonda intetho, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-ALS?

Ukuchonga i-ALS yinkqubo enzima kuba akukho vavanyo lunye oluyichonga ngokukodwa. Oogqirha bayayisusa yonke eminye imiba enokubangela iimpawu zakho ngaphambi kokuba bafumanise i-ALS.

Ugqirha wakho, ingakumbi ingcali yezifo zengqondo, uza kwenza olu vavanyo:

1. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango: Siza kuxoxa ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho ngokubanzi, kwaye sijonge ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, kunye nobunzima bokuthetha.

2. Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuthinteleni ezinye iimeko ezinokubonisa iimpawu ezifana ne-ALS, ezifana nesifo se-thyroid, ukungabikho kwe-vitamin B12, kunye nezinye izifo.

3. I-MRI scan: I-MRI ayibonisi ngqo i-ALS, kodwa kubalulekile ukujonga ezinye izizathu, ezinje ngethumba lobuchopho okanye umqolo okanye idiski etyibilikileyo.

4. Uvavanyo lwe-Electrophysiological: Olu lubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni.

I-EMG (i-Electromyography):Oku kulinganisa umsebenzi wombane kwimisipha. Kwi-ALS, imisipha ayifumani imiyalezo evela kwimithambo-luvo ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke uvavanyo lwe-EMG lubonisa indlela ethile engaqhelekanga.
Uphononongo lokuHanjiswa kweMithambo: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa isantya esihamba ngaso imiqondiso yombane kwiimithambo-luvo. Oku kunokunika umbono wobungakanani bomonakalo kwiimithambo-luvo.

Ngenxa yokuba ukuxilongwa kwe-ALS kuyinto enkulu, abantu abaninzi bayalingeka ukuba bafumane uluvo lwesibini. Yinto entle leyo. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo siqhubeka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuyanceda ukuphinda uvavanywe emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuze ubone ukuba iimpawu ziphucukile na.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu?

Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo lwe-ALS, zininzi iindlela zokulawula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana.

Unyango lomzimba: Lunceda kwimisebenzi emikhulu yemisipha efana nokuhamba nokuma.
Unyango lomsebenzi: Lunceda kwizakhono zomzimba ezinjengokubopha amaqhosha ehempe nokutya ngecephe.
Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda ekucaciseni intetho nokulawula ubunzima bokuginya.

Ukongeza, kukho izixhobo ezifana nezitulo ezinamavili, oomatshini beCPAP ukunceda ekuphefumleni, kunye nobuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo bekhompyutha (isoftware yokubona ngamehlo) ukunceda abo banengxaki yokuthetha banxibelelane.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha, nceda ungachithi xesha uye kugqirha ofanelekileyo . Ukufunyanwa kwesi sifo kwangethuba luncedo olukhulu ekulawuleni esi sifo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-ALS sisifo esichaphazela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-motor neurons ezilawula izihlunu zethu ngokuzithandela.

Iimpawu zokuqala zinokuba zingabonakali kangako, kuquka ubuthathaka kwimilenze, ubunzima bokuhamba, kunye nokuthetha okungacacanga.

Akukho vavanyo lucacileyo lokufumanisa isifo, kwaye ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa ngokuthintela ezinye izifo.

Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo lwesi sifo, unyango lomzimba, unyango lokuthetha, kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa zinokugcina umgangatho wobomi besigulana kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

Ukuba unezi mpawu ixesha elide, qiniseka ukuba ucela uncedo lwezonyango.

I-ALS, i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, isifo sikaLou Gehrig, isifo se-motor neurone, isifo se-neurological, ubuthathaka bemisipha, iimpawu, intetho engacacanga

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