Ngaba kuye kwafuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-TB? Musa ukoyika ukufunda ngale nto (Uvavanyo lweSifo sePhepha)

Ngaba uzive usoyika kancinci xa ugqirha exelela umntu omaziyo ukuba "athathe uvavanyo lwe-TB"? Okanye uyazibuza ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kufuneka ulwenze ngokwakho olu vavanyo? Uninzi lwethu luyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi 'TB'. Kodwa ukuba sinolwazi olupheleleyo malunga nolu vavanyo kunye nesi sifo, singaluphelisa olu loyiko lungafunekiyo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba luyintoni olu vavanyo lwe-TB, lwenziwa njani, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni xa iziphumo zibuya, ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni uvavanyo lwe-TB?

Kulula kakhulu. Uvavanyo lwe-TB lujonga ukuba unayo na intsholongwane ebangela isifo sephepha, ebizwa ngokuba yiMycobacterium tuberculosis , emzimbeni wakho.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu vavanyo.

1. Uvavanyo lolusu: Olu lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lweMantoux .

2. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) .

Uvavanyo lolusu lwenziwa kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kule mihla, ingakumbi kubasebenzi bezempilo, abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, okanye abo bathatha amayeza athintela ukhuselo lomzimba, olu vavanyo lwegazi ludla ngokwenziwa.

Ngubani ofuna ukwenza olu vavanyo?

Ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu vavanyo ukuba uneempawu zesifo sephepha okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo sephepha. Ezinye iindawo zomsebenzi, ezifana nezibhedlele kunye namaziko okunyamekela abantwana, nazo zinokufuna ukuba wenze olu vavanyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi.

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sephepha ukuba:

• Ukuba ungumsebenzi wezempilo osebenzisana nezigulana.
• Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza kwindawo apho isifo sephepha sixhaphake khona (umz. iindawo ezixineneyo ezifana namakhaya abantu abalupheleyo, iintolongo).
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu onesifo sephepha esisebenzayo .
• Ukuba unesifo esibangela ukuba amajoni akho omzimba abe buthathaka , okanye ukuba usela amayeza awenza loo nto.
• Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwilizwe apho isifo sephepha sixhaphakileyo khona (njengamanye amazwe aseAsia okanye eAfrika), kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngolu hambo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni woku, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lwe-TB?

Zombini ezi ntlobo zovavanyo zisebenza ngomgaqo ofanayo. Oko kukuthi, zilinganisa indlela amasosha omzimba wakho asabela ngayo kwii -antigens ezivela kwibhaktheriya yeTB. Ngamafutshane, i-antigen yinto engaqhelekanga emzimbeni wethu. Xa ingena emzimbeni, amasosha omzimba ethu aqala ukulwa nayo. Le yimfazwe esiyilinganisayo ngolu vavanyo.

Uvavanyo lweMantoux

Kolu vavanyo, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha kabini kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

• Ngosuku lokuqala:
• Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kucoca ulusu olungaphakathi kwengalo yakho, ngaphantsi kwengqiniba, aze emva koko afake ulwelo oluncinci phantsi kolusu ngenaliti encinci kakhulu. Olu lwelo lubizwa ngokuba yiPPD (purified protein derivative) .
• Ungakhathazeki, akukho ntsholongwane iphilayo koku. Akuzukukugulisa.
• Kuza kuvela iqamza elincinci kwindawo efakwe kuyo inaliti. Liza kunyamalala emva kweeyure ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha ndijikeleza indawo ngepeni ukuze kube lula ukuyibona emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

• Ngosuku lwesibini (phakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 nezingama-72):
• Kuya kufuneka uphinde uye kugqirha. Uza kujonga ukuba kukho na ukusabela kwesikhumba apho kufakwe khona inaliti.
• Ukuba sele wosulelwe yintsholongwane ye-TB ngaphambili, indawo leyo isenokuba bomvu, idumbe kancinci, kwaye idumbe ngokwaneleyo ukubamba isandla sakho .
• Kunyanzelekile ukuba uye kolu vavanyo lwesibini. Ukuba awuyi kwiiyure ezingama-72, kuya kufuneka uphinde ubhale uvavanyo kwasekuqaleni kuba iziphumo azinakunikwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi (Uvavanyo lwe-IGRA)

Oku kufana nokunikela ngegazi ngesiqhelo. Kukhawuleza kakhulu.

• Umongikazi uza kufumana umthambo olula wokukhupha igazi ngaphakathi kwingqiniba yakho.
• Indawo iyacocwa, kufakwe inaliti encinci, kuqokelelwe igazi elincinci kwityhubhu. Uza kuziva iintlungu ezincinci xa kufakwa inaliti.
• Emva kokuba igazi litsaliwe, inaliti iyasuswa, indawo icinezelwe ngekotoni, kwaye kufakwa iplasta.
• Yonke le nto ayithathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emihlanu.
• Isampuli yegazi lakho emva koko ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Ixutywa nee-antigens zeTB kwaye ivavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba iiseli zakho ziyayikhupha na iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi -interferon-gamma . Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngeziphumo xa zibuya.

Ungaziqonda njani iziphumo?

Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuba "zingalunganga" okanye "zilungile" .

• Iziphumo ezingalunganga:
• Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awuzange ubonise mpendulo kwintsholongwane ye-TB. Oku kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane ye-TB kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizange ingene emzimbeni wakho.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu zeTB, ugqirha usenokwenza uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo, nokuba iziphumo azibonisi ukuba unayo.

• Isiphumo esihle:
• Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho usabela kwintsholongwane yeTB. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngaxa lithile ebomini bakho, intsholongwane yeTB ingenile emzimbeni wakho.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ugonyo lwe-BCG esalufumana sisengabantwana lunokubangela iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo kuvavanyo lolusu.

Ukuba uvavanyo luthi lukhona, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?

Ukuba uvavanyo luthi unayo, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo esisebenzayo.

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho kwimiphunga.
• Uvavanyo lwe-sputum:Jonga i-sputum yakho ukuba ayinayo na intsholongwane ye-TB.

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ugqirha uza kugqiba ukuba unesifo esifihlakeleyo okanye esisebenzayo aze aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo. Kukho unyango lwazo zombini ezi meko.

Xa kufuneka ubone ugqirha

Ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nesifo sephepha, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu onesifo sephepha, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Qaphela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela okuhlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Umkhuhlane omncinci oza ngokuhlwa
• Ukubila ebusuku

Isifo sephepha singabulala ukuba asinyangwa kakuhle. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba uthatha amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho kangangexesha elithile, ungasinyanga ngokupheleleyo isifo sephepha . Ngoko ke, musa ukoyika, kwaye ukuba unamathandabuzo, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.